CLINICO DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES ON CANINE DISTEMPER IN DOGS
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Date
2022-04
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
Out of 3905 dogs, 72 dogs with one or more symptoms suggestive of canine
distemper were screened and 44 dogs were confirmed as canine distemper with an
occurrence of 1.13 percent. Canine distemper was more prevalent in unvaccinated
Nondescript (52.28%) dogs aged between 1 to 5 years (61.36%) with higher occurrence
in males (59.09%). The canine distemper infected dogs revealed clinical manifestations such as
nervous signs (97.72), respiratory signs (68.18%), ocular signs (63.63%), cutaneous
signs (52.25%) and GI signs (38.63%). 90.90 percent of the dogs showed mixed form
of infection. The percent accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of rapid CDV antigen test kit
on the basis of PCR as gold standard was 40.38, 31.82 and 87.50, respectively.
Hemoglobin (g/dl), Packed Cell volume (%) and Total Erythrocyte Count (x106/cc.mm)
declined significantly (P<0.01) in canine distemper infected dogs. Significant
difference was noticed in serum total protein (g/dl), sodium (mmol/L), potassium
(mmol/L), calcium (mg/dl) and chloride (mmol/L) between healthy and infected dogs.
Arrythmia (72.72%), ST segment depression (56.81%) and atrial fibrillations
(45.45%) were the main electrocardiographic abnormalities recorded. Other
abnormalities include increased P wave amplitude and duration, increased QRS
amplitude, deep Q wave, peak T wave and ST segment elevation.Radiography of the
infected dogs revealed interstitial and mixed pattern of lung lobes suggesting
pneumonia. All the dogs were treated with intravenous or intramuscular administration of
cefotaxim @20mg/kg BW once daily, oral administration of phenobarbital @3mg/kg
BW twice daily and vitamin C once daily. Symptomatic and supportive therapy was
adopted according to the clinical manifestations of the dogs.
During the period of study, 56.52 percent showed recovery while 34.78 percent
were died and 8.70 percent was euthanized due to poor prognosis. Out of recovered
animals, 13.04 percent recovered by 7 days, 17.39 percent recovered by 14 days and
26.09 percent recovered after 14 days with persistent nervous signs.
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