Phytochemical analysis and biological screening of Valeriana jatamansi collected from Garhwal region
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Date
2022-08
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145
Abstract
In the present study, the different parts such as leaves, flowers, root and rhizome of Valeriana jatamansi species was collected from Chamoli district, Uttarakhand and were analyzed for phytochemical composition using gas chromatography–Mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and screened different biological activity such as phenolics, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and herbicidal activity. Extracts obtained by soxhlet extraction method using three different solvent viz. hexane, methanol and chloroform. Methanolic extract has highest percent yields followed by chloroform and hexane. Total phenolic range was found from 18.52-71.57 mg GA eq. g- 1. Antioxidant activity of plant extract was evaluated using DPPH (1, 1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), Metal chelating and Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was exhibited by root chloroform extract (IC50=197.15±2.817 μg/ml). Flower water extract exhibited maximum metal chelating activity (IC50=559.20±0.816 μg/ml). Root methanolic extract exhibited maximum Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC50=200.82±3.292 μg/ml). FRAP assay range was found from 5.069-20.919 μmole/g. In anti-inflammatory activity, rhizome hexane extract exhibited maximum inhibition (IC50=332.34±1.841 μg/ml). In anti-diabetic activity, flower water extract exhibited maximum alpha amylase inhibition activity (IC50=204.60±5.889 μg/ml). For herbicidal activity, the percent seed germination inhibition range from 100-3.3%. Maximum activity was found in hexane extract of leave hexane and rhizome hexane as compared to methanol and chloroform extracts. The methanolic extract was found to be a potential antimicrobial agent against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. Molecular docking was performed as using major phytochemical of Valeriana jatamansi and bacterial membrane protein of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. In leave methanolic extract 30 constituents was identified which contributing 95.25 % of the total extract. In root methanolic extract 24 constituents was identified which contributing 98.71 % of the total extract. In flower water extract 15 constituents was identified which contributing 90.31 % of the total extract. In rhizome
chloroform extract 28 constituents was identified which contributing 97.96 % of the total extract. Results indicate that plant extract is a rich source of antioxidant and possessed good antimicrobial ability and may be considered as a potential medicinal drug in future.