An assessment of the physiological, biochemical and morphological traits conferring tolerance to heat stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
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Date
2022-08
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G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar
Abstract
In the global food chain, rice is a staple crop that provides the majority of the
world's population with all of their energy needs. During crucial growth stages like
flowering and seed development, it is extremely sensitive to environmental conditions
including temperature, light, drought, etc. High temperatures have the potential to
permanently harm rice grain quality, yield, and plant functions. A study was conducted
at the N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Center in Pantnagar during the kharif season of 2021
to determine the effects of high temperature stress on morpho-physiological and
biochemical parameters, as well as to examine the yield characteristics of various rice
genotypes under heat stress. Different rice genotypes received heat treatment during
blooming by creating a polythene tunnel in one block that retains heat and leaving the
other block open as a control. It has openings on both ends for adequate ventilation. Only
10 genotypes—29173(R), CO-51, IET 29939, IET 29940, IET 29947, IET 29948, IET
29952, IET 29958, and IET 29960—out of 25 genotypes were chosen for further study
based on their sensitivity to high temperatures and yield characteristics.
Parameters regarding the physiological, biochemical and morphological
characters are recorded during the investigation. It was found that stem weight during
flowering, shoot weight during maturity TDM at flowering and maturity, stomatal
conductance, transpiration rate, panicle dry weight during flowering and maturity, grain
yield, protein, amylose and carbohydrate content was reduced during heat stress
conditions. It was found that plant height at flowering, effective tiller number, LAI, leaf
dry weight at flowering, photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, grain
number and spikelet number per m2, spikelet fertility, harvest index and chlorophyll
content were increase/decrease in some genotypes. When the parameters are correlated
with grain yield, they are found to be positively correlated and significant except one that
is shoot weight at maturity it is found to be non-significant. Different genotypes from
diverse backgrounds showed varied results since, out of 10 genotypes, IET 29958 and
IET 29947 was found to be tolerant while IET 29942 and 29173(R) were sensitive to
high temperature in the present investigation.