EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF TENDER PROP ROOTS OF Ficus benghalensis AND ITS SYNERGY WITH OTHER SELECTED PHYTOCHEMICALS AGAINST MASTITIS CAUSING ORGANISMS
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Date
2022-03
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
Mastitis caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus became a major health problem in bovines. Conventional antibiotics comprise the most common therapeutic approach in mastitis. But due to their indiscriminate use and high rate of resistant bacterial species development, the therapeutic alternatives to treat multidrug-resistant microorganisms are rapidly dwindling. The present study investigates the antibacterial activity and biofilm inhibition potential of methanol extract of Ficus benghalensis, its combined activity with commercially available antibiotics Enrofloxacin and Amoxycillin, with herbs Boswellia serrata resin extract (BS), Cashew nut shell extract (CSE), and with phytochemicals Xanthone (XA) and Caffeic acid (CA)
against standard MTCC cultures and clinical isolates Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis.
Preliminary phytochemical analysis of Ficus benghalensis aerial root extract (FBARE) revealed the presence of reducing sugars, saponins, triterpenes, phenols, flavonoids, proteins, and alkaloids. Antioxidant activity assessed by Phosphomolybdenum assay with 0.1 mg/mL of FBARE, Cashew nut shell extract, Boswellia serrata resin extract, Enrofloxacin, Caffeic acid, and 10 mg/mL of Xanthone which was equivalent to 54.67±0.146, 63.6±0.64, 44.82±085, 33.605±0.31, 126.14±0.62, and 162±1.81 μg/mL of ascorbic acid respectively. Antibacterial activity assessed by microdilution assay and minimum inhibitory concentration values of Enrofloxacin, FBARE, cashew nut shell extract, B. serrata resin extract xanthone and Caffeic acid against E. coli. were 0.039 μg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 12.5 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL respectively. MIC values of Amoxycillin, FBARE, cashew nut shell extract, B. serrata resin extract, Xanthone and Caffeic acid against S. aureus were 0.3 μg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL ,0.078 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL and 3.125 mg/mL respectively for both MTCC cultures and clinical isolates.
Synergistic antibacterial activity of FBARE assessed by microdilution checkerboard assay in combination with Enrofloxacin, Amoxycillin, B. serrata resin extract exhibited additive action against both E coli and S. aureus, synergistic and additive action in combination with xanthone against E. coli and S. aureus respectively, whereas indifference and additive effect with CA against E. coli and S. aureus. All bacterial isolates used are proved to be good biofilm producers after 24 hr of bacterial growth. Individually, FBARE leads to a considerable biofilm reduction, but when tested in combination with antibiotics Enrofloxacin, Amoxycillin, CSE and Bos serrata are most effective in inhibition of biofilm. In conclusion, FBARE contains various bioactive phytochemicals, exhibited potent antioxidant and considerable antimicrobial activity with MIC 2.5 mg/mL against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, showed additive action when screened in combination with Enrofloxacin, Amoxycillin, CSE, Bos serrata resin extract, and Phytochemicals CA and XA and exhibited considerable biofilm inhibition at MIC values in alone and various combinations against bovine mastitis causing organisms E.coli and S. aureus.
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