POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE HARDERIAN GLAND OF PATI DUCK ( Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) OF ASSAM
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Date
2019-10
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College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to elaborate certain gross anatomical,
histomorphological, histochemical, ultrastructural and biochemical aspect of Harderian
gland of Pati ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) of Assam during the postnatal
development. Total 45 (forty five) numbers of apparently healthy Pati ducks (Anas
platyrhynchos domesticus) were utilized for present study.
The Harderian gland of Pati duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) was located
within the orbit. The gland was flat, oval and coma shaped with irregular border. The
gland had two surfaces i.e. the parietal and the visceral surfaces, two borders and two
blunt poles. The parietal surface was found convex and attached to fascia covered by the
nasal bones and interorbital septa of the orbit. The visceral surface was concave and it
was attached loosely to the eye ball with fascia. The lobes of the Harderian gland became
more prominent with the advancement of the age. The gland was light pink while freshly
collected. The arterial blood supplied and the venus drainage was by the ophthalmic
artery and vein. The slender branch of oculomotor nerve innervated the Harderian gland.
The result reflected an ascending trend from 0 week age group to 42 weeks age group in
all the gross parameters. There were slight difference between left and right gland in all
the gross parameter but statistically not significant (p value > 0.05). A short single duct
was observed in the Harderian Gland of Pati duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus).
The duct opened into the conjunctival sac at the base of the 3rd eyelid.
The Harderian gland of Pati duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) had a capsule
which was consisted of connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics. The
thickness of the capsule of the Harderian gland was increased slightly along the
advancement of the age i.e. from 0 week to 42 weeks age group. The capsular connective
tissue penetrated the parenchyma of the Harderian gland in the form of septa or
trabeculae. The collagen, reticular, elastic and nerve fibers were observed along with the
capsule and as well as in the septa and trabeculae. The thickness of the capsule and
distribution of all the fibers increased along with the advancement of the age i.e. from 0
week to 42 weeks age group.
The Harderian gland of the Pati duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) was
compound tubular gland. The columnar epithelial cells lined the tubules. There was no
cortex and medulla in the gland and the tubular structures were uniformly distributed
within the lobules. A central cannel was present in the gland which converged to the duct
of the gland. The lymphocytes and plasma cells were found in the intertubular
connective tissue. The numbers or population of plasma cell and lymphocytes were
accelerated by the advancement of age. The myoepithelial cells with spindle shaped
nuclei were present near the basement membrane close to the secretary cells. The
histology of the duct of the Harderian gland of Pati duck (Anas platyrhynchos
domesticus) was like typical hollow tubular organs. There were few lymphatic nodules
very distinctly present and extended from the lamina propria to the muscle layer.
In the present histochemical study of the Harderian land of Pati duck, the
reaction of Alkaline phosphatase enzyme was mild. The reaction of the Acid phosphatase
was absent. The Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity was observed moderate in
all the age groups of birds. The activity of non specific Esterase was observed strong in
all the age groups. The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS - Alcian Blue 2.5 pH) stain revealed
positive reaction in all the age groups which indicated the presence of acid sulfated
mucosubtances in the cells.
In the Scanning Electron Microscopic studies of the Harderian gland of Pati duck
(Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) the tubular structures were looked like hole having
some secretion inside it. In higher magnification the lining epithelium cells were found
with some secretion at the tip of the cells. In Transmission Electron Microscopic study it
was found that the secretory mucous vesicles pushed the nucleus of the cell towards the
basal border. The nucleus was oval in shape and rough endoplasmic reticulum,
mitochondria, golgi apparatus were observed around the nucleus.
The quantity of total protein of the Harderian gland reflected a descending
trend in advancement of the age of the birds. The quantity of the total lipids in the
Harderian gland of Pati duck increased from 0 week age to 42 weeks age. The total lipid
and total protein content of the Harderian gland of Pati duck were inversely proportional
to each other.