Efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in direct seeded basmati rice
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Date
2020-09
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CCSHAU, Hisar
Abstract
The present investigation „Efficacy of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in direct seeded basmati
rice‟ was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different nutrient treatments on soil properties, crop yield and yield
attributes, economics of basmati rice. To achieve the above objectives of the present study, a field experiment
with direct seeded rice was established at CCS HAU, College of Agriculture, Kaul farm during kharif 2019. The
experiment was planned in a randomized block design with ten treatments replicated thrice viz. T1 - Control, T2 -
N75 P30 K30, T3 - N37.5P15K15, T4 - Biogas slurry @ 4 t ha-1, T5 - N37.5P15K15 + Biogas slurry @ 2 t ha-1, T6 - N37.5P15
K15 + Biogas slurry @ 4 t ha-1, T7 - Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1, T8 - N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, T9 -
N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1 and T10 - Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 + Biogas slurry 2 t ha-1. Grain, straw
yield and yield attributes increased markedly where 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas slurry integrated with
inorganic fertilizers were applied. The highest grain yield (34.20 q ha-1), harvest index (44.21 %) and No. of
effective tiller/m2 (250) was observed in T9 whereas highest straw yield (43.79 q ha-1) and plant height (107.40
cm) was observed in T6 which were significantly higher over T1 (33.48 q ha-1 and 100.07 cm respectively). The
highest available NPK was observed in treatments when chemical fertilizer along with 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or
biogas slurry was applied. The highest contents of available N and P (152.67 and 31.87 kg ha-1, respectively) were
observed in T6. Whereas, the content of available K was highest (396.70 kg ha-1) in T9 treatment which were
significantly higher over control. The available N, P and K in control amounted to 100, 19.67 and 358.83 kg ha-1
respectively. Lower value of bulk density and higher soil organic carbon content were observed in T6 and T9 (1.28
Mg m-3and 0.63 % respectively) which were significantly different than that recorded in T1 (1.34 Mg m-3and 0.55
% respectively). Soil organic carbon and DTPA extractable micronutrients increased significantly with application
of vermocompost or biogas slurry alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers. A decrease in soil pH and
bulk density was observed in the treatments where vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or in combination with
inorganic fertilizer was applied. NPK content and uptake in rice increased where 4 t ha-1 vermicompost or biogas
slurry in conjunction with inorganic fertilizers was applied. Micronutrients content and uptake in rice was
increased with application of vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or with integrated use of inorganic fertilizers.
The highest values of microbial biomass carbon, urease, phosphates and dehydrogenase activities were observed in
T9 (375.96 μg g-1 soil, 110.93 μg NH4
+ g-1 soilhr-1, 504.33 μg PNP g-1 soilhr-1 and 52.63 μg TPF g-1 soil24hr-1,
respectively) which were significantly higher than those recorded in control (326.28 μg g-1 soil, 92.25 μg NH4
+ g-1
soilhr-1, 445.40 μg PNP g-1 soilhr-1 and 52.63 μg TPF g-1 soil24hr-1). Microbial biomass carbon and enzymes
activity increased with application of vermicompost or biogas slurry alone or their integrated use with inorganic
fertilizers. Highest benefit cost ratio was observed in T2 (N75P30K30) treatment as compared to treatments where
organic manures were added because of increased cost of cultivation due to application of organic manures.
However, highest net return was observed in T9 (N37.5P15 K15 + Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1).