Epidemiology of Ixodid ticks in cattle and detection of resistance against synthetic pyrethroids in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Mid hill zone of Himachal Pradesh
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Date
2021-11-05
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Palampur
Abstract
The current study was conducted to determine the epidemiology of ixodid ticks in cattle
along with assessment of associated risk factors in Mid hill zone of Himachal Pradesh.
The study was conducted from October, 2020 to September, 2021. A total of 749 animals
were screened for tick infestation from five districts of Himachal Pradesh viz.Kullu,
Mandi, Shimla, Kangra and Chamba. The overall tick prevalence rate was recorded to be
68.62%. Three species of ticks were recorded viz. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus,
R. (B.) annulatus and Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum with the prevalence rate of
64.56, 32.91 and 2.53%, respectively. Ticks were most prevalent in rainy season (76.2%)
followed by summer (65.1%) and in winter season (63.9%) (P1 year of age group (78.9%), followed by
>6months-1 year age (44.1%) and least in young animals (25.6%) (P0.05) when the acaricidal application was done both on body of animals and shed
after period of every three months. In order to determine the resistance against synthetic
pyrethroids viz. deltamethrin and cypermethrin in R. (B.) microplus, in vitro Larval Packet
Test bioassay was performed. The results revealed that R. (B.) microplus field isolates
collected from districts Kangra and Kullu were found to be having level I resistance
whereas isolates collected from districts Mandi, Shimla and Chamba were having level II
resistance against deltamethrin. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus was found to be
susceptible against cypermethrin in all the five districts of mid hill zone of Himachal
Pradesh.