GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
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Date
2021
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INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA RAIPUR (Chhattisgarh)
Abstract
A study entitled “Genetic variability and character association analysis for grain yield and its attributing traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted at IGKV, RMD CARS, Research cum Instructional Farm, Ambikapur (C.G.) during Rabi 2020-21 to estimate genetic variability, correlation, path coefficient analysis and genetic diversity in twenty-three genotypes of wheat. Observation was recorded for fourteen characters viz; days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), flag leaf length (cm), number of productive tillers per meter square, peduncle length (cm), spike length (cm), spike weight (g), number of spikelets per spike, number. of grains per. spike, test weight (g.), biological yield per plot (g), harvest index (%.) and grain yield per plot (g). According to the analysis of variance, the treatment was very significant for all of the traits studied indicating that the genotypes performed differentially from each other for all the characters. “The conclusion that the phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation revealed the importance of the environment in character expression”. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean was seen for number of grains per spike and rest of the characters expressed moderate to low genetic advance as percentage of mean coupled with high to moderate heritability indicating the action of non-additive genetic variance in their expression.
“Correlation coefficient analysis exhibited maximum positive significant for number of productive tillers per square meter, seed yield per plot followed by number of spikelets per spike, harvest index (%) and number of grains per spike at genotypic level”. Path coefficient analysis showed maximum positive direct effect of number of productive tillers per square meter followed by harvest index (%), biological yield per plot (g), days to maturity, test weight (g), number of spikelets per spike and plant height (cm), suggesting for direct selection of these characters. Spike length (cm), spike weight (g), number of grains per spike, flag leaf length (cm) and days to maturity were indirectly affected to improve grain yield per plot.
Diversity analysis through D2-analysis was carried out among 23 wheat genotypes. Cluster analysis distributed the 23 genotypes into 5 clusters. Cluster III has maximum number of genotypes i.e.,12 genotypes. Based on “intra-cluster distance, the most diverse clusters among all clusters were cluster IV whereas, the highest inter-cluster D2 values were observed between cluster I and V (656.39) followed by cluster II and V (508.22), cluster I and IV (474.93), cluster III and V (389.13) and cluster I and III (272.77). Highly diverse genotypes can be used in hybridization programme”. Present investigation revealed that about best wheat genotype with respect to various traits including number of productive tillers per square meter and grain yield per plot are CG-2013 followed by CG-2014 and 17th HTWYT 18-05 whereas, for harvest index (%) 17th HTWYT 18-05 followed by CG-2013, and HI 1634 they were represented high yielding genotypes of wheat.
Description
GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTING TRAITS IN WHEAT
(Triticum aestivum L.)