Effect of Moringa oleifera in combating Aflatoxin-induced subacute toxicity in White Pekin ducks
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Date
2021
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Department of Veterinary Pathology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar
Abstract
Aflatoxins which are natural pollutants in feed, have the greatest impact on duck
health, economics and productivity. Because ducklings are more sensitive to aflatoxin than
other species, exposure to aflatoxin at a level of 100ppb can cause growth retardation, severe
damages to numerous organs (heart, liver, kidney, thymus) and few cases of fatality. A plant
such as M. oleifera which is widely accessible and free of adverse effects with high in
nutrients, minerals, and vitamins, can be used to combat aflatoxin poisoning. Moringa
oleifera leaves (MOL) were discovered as an excellent source of natural antioxidant,
including essential sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine), phenols,
flavonoids, glucosinolates, kaempferol, sterols, and other compounds thought to have healthpromoting
properties, assists in the neutralization mycotoxin AFB1. Total 120 day-old white
pekin ducklings were divided equally to four groups of 30 ducklings each, with three replica.
Aflatoxin was produced and thoroughly mixed with a bulk amount of feed to produce the
appropriate amount 100ppb aflatoxicated feed. This technique was repeated in groups-2, 3,
and 4 along with Moringa oleifera leaves administered to group-3 at a low dose of 15g and
group-4 at a high dose of 30g/kg of diet respectively with aflatoxin 100ppb. Group-1 was
preserved as the normal control group. All of the experimental birds were monitored for
different indications of aflatoxicosis such as depression, restlessness, lameness, weakness,
anorexia. By the end of the 28-days period, there was a decrease in regular appetite and a drop
in body weight gain in the aflatoxin induced group, whereas these values rose in the therapy
group. Different haematological measures such as haemoglobin percent, PCV, TEC,
lymphocyte and TLC values fell significantly in the aflatoxin-intoxicated group, however
heterophil count and heterophil lymphocyte ratio rose significantly. The addition of MOL
powder to a toxin-containing meal immediately alleviated these effects. Serum AST, ALT,
GGT, LDH, ALP, triglyceride, cholesterol, BUN and creatinine levels rose in aflatoxinintoxicated
ducklings. The values of SOD, catalase, GSH, and antioxidant markers were
lower in group-2, with rise in LPO indicating oxidative stress in only aflatoxin-treated ducks.
The cotreatment with MOL powder to an aflatoxin-intoxicated feed sample, on the other hand
had a preventive effect, as evidenced by the reversal of the changes in blood chemistry and
oxidative stress parameters markers produced by aflatoxin. Toxicopathological lesions in
ducks included haemorrhagic patches and congestion in numerous organs, with marked
necrosis and prominent degeneration in hepatocytes of liver, degenerative tubular epithelium,
and necrosis of tubular lining cells in the kidney. The gross and histology of the moringa leaf
powder treated groups on the other hand, revealed reduction in severity and frequency of
alterations in tissues. As a result, the inclusion of MOL powder to prevent aflatoxicosis is
advised as helpful and cost-effective at high dose 30g/kg of feed.
Description
TH - 6650