Phytochemical screening for elite selection of foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) from local cultivars of Uttarakhand
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Date
2021-11
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Foxtail millet is one of the oldest cultivated crop in the world. It belongs to the Setaria genus of the Poaceae family. Foxtail millet grains are rich in valuable phytochemicals such as essential amino acids, phenols and flavonoids etc. The nutritional benefits of Foxtail millet make it a crop worth exploring to improve its production and yield. The present study includes the screening of various phytochemical constituents present in the seven samples of Foxtail millet collected from local cultivars. Sample from Kasar Devi (Almora) had the highest moisture as well the oil content i.e. 9.59±0.01% and 5.90±0.06% respectively. Defatted seed samples showed higher protein content than the fatted seed samples. The highest protein content, both in fatted and defatted seed was found in the sample from Kasar Devi (Almora) i.e 11.60±0.44 g/100g and 13.35±0.44 g/100g respectively. The amino acid composition i.e. the highest content of tryptophan, lysine and arginine were found in the sample from Kasar Devi (Almora) i.e 2.77±0.03 g/100g protein, Masmoli (Pithoragarh) i.e 1.34±0.03 g/100g protein and Kasar Devi (Almora) i.e 3.21±0.03 g/100g protein respectively. The minerals (Calcium, Zinc, Manganese and Iron) showed the highest content in the sample from Kasar Devi (Almora) i.e 29.5 mg/100g, Dhauladevi (Almora) i.e 9.00 mg/100g, Masmoli (Pithoragarh) i.e 10.69 mg/100g and Kasar Devi (Almora) i.e 8.62 mg/100g of sample respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the sample from Dhauladevi (Almora) i.e 74.75±0.23 mg/100g.The samples were studied quantitatively for total phenol content (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) in methanol and petroleum ether extracts. Methanolic extract exhibited higher total phenol and flavonoid content than the petroleum ether extract. In methanolic extract, the highest TPC was found in the sample from Chaura (Almora) i.e 14.30±0.04 mgGAE/100g, whereas, the highest TFC was found in the sample from Kasar Devi (Almora) i.e 11.33±0.05 mgQE/100g. In petroleum ether extract, the highest TPC was found in sample from Dhauladevi (Almora) i.e 0.55±0.04 mgGAE/100g, whereas, the highest TFC was found in sample from Kasar Devi (Almora) i.e 0.34±0.04 mgQE/100g. Anti-nutritional parameters were also estimated. Tannin and nitrate content were quantified in methanol and petroleum ether extracts. In methanolic extract, the lowest tannin content was found in the sample from Masmoli (Pithoragarh) i.e 2.07±0.02 mgTAE/100g, whereas, the lowest nitrate content was found in the sample from Kosi (Almora) i.e 25.35±0.95 mg/100g. In petroleum ether extract, the lowest tannin content was found in the sample from Kasar Devi (Almora) i.e 1.05±0.03 mgTAE/100g, whereas, the lowest nitrate content was found in sample from Kosi (Almora) i.e 8.77±0.07 mg/100g. The lowest oxalate content was found in the sample from Masmoli (Pithoragarh) i.e 24.55±0.04 mg/100g and the lowest phytic acid content was found in the sample from Pauri (Pauri Garhwal) i.e 0.47±0.04 mg/100g. Among all the samples, Kasar Devi (Almora) was found to be the superior in most of the parameters.