STUDIES ON DISEASES OF TRANSITION PERIOD IN BUFFALOES WITH SPECIFIC EMPHASIS ON HYPOCALCEMIA
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Date
2021-05
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to study the occurrence of diseases
during transition period in buffaloes, to study the association between
hypocalcemia and other transitional diseases and to suggest therapeutic protocol for
hypocalcemia in buffaloes. Upon screening of 273 buffaloes presented with
various ailments during transition, 91 buffaloes were affected with transitional
diseases (33.33 %) of which 81.32 per cent were affected with single disease and
18.68 per cent were affected with multiple diseases.
In the present study among the transitional diseases, hypocalcemia was
most commonly encountered disease followed by uterine torsion, mastitis,
retention of placenta, dystocia, uterine prolapse, metritis, ketosis, vaginal prolapse
udder edema and abortions. Majority of the conditions were highly prevalent
during 1st week of postpartum period and in third parity.
Haematological examination revealed decreased values of hemoglobin and
PCV in hypocalcemia, dystocia, ketosis and abortions while leucocytosis was
seen in uterine torsion, mastitis, metritis and udder edema. DLC revealed
neutrophilia in dystocia, ketosis, udder edema and abortions while lymphocytosis
was seen in mastitis and retention of placenta.
Biochemical examination revealed highly significant decrease in mean
calcium levels in hypocalcemia, uterine torsion, mastitis, retention of placenta,
dystocia, uterine prolapse, vaginal prolapse and udder oedema while in abortions it
was significantly higher. The serum phosphorus values were significantly
decreased in hypocalcemia, dystocia, and uterine prolapse. The mean serum
magnesium values were significantly elevated in hypocalcemia. Highly significant
reduction in mean glucose accompanied by highly significant elevation in BHBA
values was recorded in ketosis. The mean serum protein values were significantly
decreased in uterine torsion, metritis, vaginal prolapse, udder edema and abortions. Significant reduction in albumin value was noted in hypocalcemia,
uterine torsion, retention of placenta, metritis, vaginal prolapse and abortions.
Symptoms recorded in hypocalcemia include inappetence/ anorexia,
decreased rumination, dullness, decreased milk yield, disinclination to move, bloat,
dry muzzle, sternal recumbency with head turned toward flank, constipation,
stiffness of hind legs and lateral recumbency.
In buffaloes affected with hypocalcemia in 53.33 per cent it was seen alone
without any association while in 46.67 per cent it was associated with other
disease/ diseases. Hypocalcemia was seen in association with dystocia, mastitis,
uterine prolapse, retention of placenta, vaginal prolapse, metritis and ketosis.
Therapeutic trial was conducted in 16 buffaloes affected with
hypocalcemia alone by making them into two groups with 8 buffaloes in each
group using two therapeutic regimens viz., ionic calcium alone orally in standing
animals and I/V calcium boro gluconate on the day of presentation followed
by ionic calcium orally for the next two consecutive days in animals exhibiting
sternal recumbency. In both the groups responded to therapy with the regression of
clinical signs and improvement in haemato bio chemical parameters.
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