Studies on prevalence, clinico-pathological and therapeutic aspects of neonatal hypoglycemia in puppies
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Date
2020-10
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
The present research investigation was carried out to study the prevalence, diagnosis, clinico-pathological changes and therapeutic management of canine neonatal hypoglycemia in few districts of Uttarakhand. The findings of prevalence study revealed an overall prevalence of 42.61%. Meanwhile, the maximum morbidity was capped by the pups with low birth weight (23.31%) followed by hypothermia (20.5%), sepsis (18.43%), starvation (16.53%), maternal problems (9.76%), miscellaneous conditions (7.86 %) and premature birth (4.07%). Overall mortality due to neonatal hypoglycemia was found to be 12.35%. Among the breeds of the pups, highest morbidity and mortality was reported in toy breed pups (29.54% and 32.71%) and lowest in Pit bull pups (8.67% and 9.31%). Furthermore, age wise morbidity and mortality was reported highest during first three days of age (44.86% and 40.92%). Hypoglycemic pups revealed signs such as lethargy, poor suckling reflex, cardio-pulmonary problems and continuous crying. Diarrhoea, vomiting, intense hunger and nervous signs were also reported among the affected puppies. Prior to treatment, significant decrement in physiological parameters such as rectal temperature (92.07±0.32 ⁰F), respiration rate (24.22±1.03 breaths/min) and heart rate (203±0.5 beats/min) were observed in affected puppies. Haematological profile revealed significant increase in Hb concentration (13.9±0.35 gm/dl), PCV (49.45±1.3 %), and TEC value (7.31±0.12×106/μl) whereas, significantly low TLC (11.2±0.88×103/μl), neutrophils (5.70±0.19×103/μl) and lymphocytes (3.62±0.07×103/μl) values were noticed in hypoglycaemic pups. Findings of biochemical panel revealed significant decrement in serum glucose (58.88±2.91 mg/dl), total protein (3.03±0.12 gm/dl), albumin (1.47±0.09 gm/dl), globulin (1.56±0.10 gm/dl), ALP (128.24±1.25 U/L) and GGT (985.08±1.18 U/L) concentrations. Meanwhile, significant increment in serum BUN (34.09±1.07 mg/dl), creatinine (1.57±0.45 mg/dl), lactate (48.88±1.01 mg/dl) and BHBA (1.26±0.09 mmol/l) concentration was also noticed. On the basis of recovery of hypoglycemic pups after therapeutic intervention, 50% dextrose solution @ 0.5 to 1 ml/kg b.wt. capped 83.3% recovery rate and found superior than 10% dextrose solution @ 2-4ml/kg b.wt (66.6%) followed by sodium propionate @ 3.6- 40.8mg/kg/day b.wt (50%) and propylene glycol @ 2g/kg/day b.wt (50%).