Biochemical studies on chromium toxicity and its amelioration in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
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Date
2019-10-31
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CCSHAU, Hisar
Abstract
The main aim of the present research work was to determine the effects of Cr (VI) toxicity (2 ppm & 4 ppm) and its amelioration by glycine betaine (GB) and AMF at two growth stages viz. vegetative stage (35 DAS) and grain filling stage (95 DAS) in three varieties of sorghum viz. HJ 541 (single-cut), HJ 513 and SSG 59-3(multi-cut). The effect of exogenous application of GB (spiked in soil & foliar spray) and AMF (10 g) either individually or in combination was investigated for their ameliorative capability. The ameliorative effects were studied in terms of biochemical parameters (viz. structural and non-structural carbohydrates, crude protein, chlorophyll, chromium, hydrocyanic acid, IVDMD, pectin, PME, PG and cellulase), morphophysiological parameters (viz. root length, shoot length, number of leaves/tillers, grain yield, plant height and plant biomass), antioxidative defense system parameters (viz. enzymes – SOD, APX, CAT, GR, POX and metabolites – proline, glutathione, ascorbate, β-carotene) and indices of oxidative stress parameters (viz. PPO, H2O2 and MDA). The results revealed that the biochemical and morphophysiological parameters (except hydrocyanic acid, chromium, non-structural carbohydrates and pectin) decreased with increasing concentration of Cr (VI) in all the varieties at both the growth stages, and maximum decrease was observed in HJ 541 variety at 4 ppm concentration of Cr (VI) as compared to HJ 513 and SSG 59-3 variety at both growth stages. The antioxidative defense system parameters (enzymes & metabolites) and indices of oxidative stress parameters increased with increasing concentration of Cr (VI) at both the growth stages, in all the varieties. Further increase in antioxidative defense system parameters on exogenous GB (spiked in soil & foliar spray) and AMF application, either individually or in combination ameliorated the toxicity and decreased indices of oxidative stress parameters and increased IVDMD, total sugars, crude protein, β-carotene and nutritionally quality of sorghum in all the varieties at both the growth stages. The variety SSG 59-3 had lower hydrocyanic acid, non-structural carbohydrates, chromium, indices of oxidative stress parameters and more IVDMD and nutritional quality parameters as compared to HJ 513 and HJ 541 variety, at both the growth stages. Thus, among the three varieties (viz. HJ 541, HJ 513 and SSG 59-3), SSG 59-3 variety was found more tolerant as compared to HJ 541 and HJ 513 variety.