Heterosis, Combining Ability and RAPD Diversity for Yield and Quality Traits in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)
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Date
2018
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
Heterosis, Combining Ability and RAPD Diversity for Yield and Quality Traits in
Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.)Walp)
Udaykumar B. Pethe* Dr. N.S. Dodiya The present investigation entitled "Heterosis, Combining Ability and RAPD
Diversity for Yield and Quality Traits in Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata (L.) Walp)” was
conducted during Rabi 2016-17 at Experimental Research Farm, Department of
Agricultural Botany, Dr. B. S. Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli (Mah). The
experimental material comprised 11genotypes ( 8 lines and 3 testers), their 24 F1s and
two check varieties Konkan Safed and Konkan Sadabahar. All genotypes were evaluated
in randomized block design with two replications.
Mean sum of squares due to treatments were highly significant for all the
characters except for plant height.This indicates the presence of substantial genetic
variation among cowpea genotypes. Among the parents and checks Konkan Sadabahar
recorded early flowering and lowest plant height. While CPD-183 recorded highest grain
and biological yield per plant
Among the 24 hybrids, maximum mean performance showed by H 16 (CPD-173
X PCP-97102), H 13 (CPD-193 X PCP-97102) and H 2 (CPD-219 X GS-9240) for
grain yield per plant (g), H 11 (CPD-31 X GS-9240), H 8 (CPD- 172 X GS-9240) and
H 2 (CPD-219 X GS-9240) for harvest index
Considerable magnitude of heterosis was expressed in hybrids for yield and yield
related traits. The crosses viz., H 2 (CPD -219 X GS-9240), H 13 (CPD -193 X PCP-
97102) for grain yield per plant (g), while significant heterobeltiosis were recorded in
cross H 2 (CPD -219 X GS-9240), H 13 (CPD -193 X PCP-97102) and H1 (CPD -219 X
PCP-97102). Significant economic heterosis over both check was observed in hybrid H16
(CPD -173 X PCP-97102), H13(CPD -193 X PCP-97102) and H 2 (CPD -219 X GS-
9240) for grain yield per plant.
* Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajasthan College of
Agriculture, Udaipur-313001.
** Associate Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajasthan College
of Agriculture, Udaipur-313001.
GCA variances lower than the SCA variances in L X T interaction indicating all
the characters under study under non additive gene action, among the lines CPD-220 and
tester GS- 9240 were good general combiners for grain yield per plant and most of yield
contributing characters, for lysine and tryptophan content line CPD-83 and tester PCP-
97102were good general combiners. High SCA effect observed in the hybrids viz. H 22
(CPD -83 X PCP-97102), H 11 (CPD -31 X GS-9240) and H2 (CPD -219 X GS-9240)
for grain yield per plant (g).
High heritability estimates were obtained for the character pod length (46.61%),
number of grains per pod (40.36%), and harvest index (33.21%), while remaining all
characters except plant height exhibits moderate heritability which indicates a major role
of non-additive gene action in the inheritance of these characters.
RAPD profiles for all 11 cowpea parents were generated out of 20 primers 15
primers gave scorable DNA fragments. A total of 476 amplified products were observed
out of which 367 were polymorphic. The number of amplified DNA fragments for each
primer varied from 20 to 51, with an average of 31.73 fragments per primer. The highest
number of fragments (i.e. fifty one) was generated by primer OPA-13 while OPA-18
generates 50 DNA fragments with 100% polymorphism.The percentage of
polymorphism ranged from 35.29% to 100% with an average of 79.96%. Size of the
amplified products ranged from 167 bp to 3300 bp. The primers OPA-02, OPA-03, OPA-
10, OPA-11, OPA-16 and OPA-18 produced distinct RAPD patterns (100%
polymorphism) for all the 11 parents.
The simple matching coefficient which indicated highest similarity index (0.613) was
observed between genotype GS-9240 and NKO-32 while the lowest similarity index
(0.328) was observed between CPD-220 and CPD-25, CPD-31 and CPD-25which
indicates there was high variability among the cowpea genotypes under study. The
cluster analysis based on RAPD data divided the genotypes in two main groups. The
genotype CPD-25 occupied a unique position and was most diverse from rest of the 11
genotypes. Dendrogram revealed that the genotypes GS-9240 and NKO-32 were diverse
and useful in future hybridization programme of cowpea
The RAPD molecular tool was effective for confirmation of hybridity. The hybrid
specific bands generated in RAPD analysis by primer OPA-18 and used for the
identification particular F1 hybrid of cowpea all 24 hybrids were confirmed by primer
OPA-18.
Description
Heterosis, Combining Ability and RAPD Diversity for
Yield and Quality Traits in Cowpea
Keywords
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Citation
Udaykumar. B. Pethe, and Dodiya N.S.