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ThesisItem Open Access “ASSESSMENT OF GERMINATION BEHAVIOR AND PRIMARY PLANT-HOST RELATIONSHIP OF Santalum album L. IN JUVENILE STAGE”(DEPARTMENT OF FOREST BIOLOGY AND TREE IMPROVEMENT COLLEGE OF FORESTRY BANDA- 210001, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA, 2023-09-05) SUNEEL SHUKLA; Avanish SharmaSandalwood (Santalum album L.) is indigenous to India and belongs to the family Santalaceae. The Santalum species generally raised for large scale commercial plantation as well as for the forest. The main source of raising Santalum seedling its seed which difficult to germinate and required different pre-sowing treatments, Sandalwood seeds are impermeable to water causes poor germination. Sandalwood is recognized as hemi-root parasite and 70% of seedling are able to established haustoria with suitable host in the early days of emergence, seed pre-sowing treatments and combination with host plants have a significant impact on germination and seedling growth therefore, Experiment was conducted in the departmental nursery of college of forestry in 2022-23 at Banda district ,Seeds were collected from the Shivmogga forest division, Karnataka and treated with the different treatments which includes plant growth regulators such as –GA3(500, 1000 ,15000 ppm ), Kinetin(40,60 ppm), NAA(400 ppm), Cow urine (1:1), Cow dung slurry(1:1), Concentrated H2SO4 (2%,3%), And Hot water (60 minute). Among all the treatments seeds treated with GA3 -1500 ppm recorded maximum germination percentage (43.667), Followed by GA3 1000 ppm as compared to others treatments use during the experiment , In other experiment primary plant host relationship was studied with Cajanus cajan, Mentha arvensis, Ocimum sanctum, Alternanthera ficoidea (Green), Alternanthera ficoidea (Red) , Clerodendrum inerme L, Among all the combinations the maximum growth was found with the Cajanus cajan (Arhar) 300.22mm ,The effect of pot mixture also studied during the experiment and maximum growth was found with the following Soil + Sand + Vermicompost (2:1:1) , Soil +Sand + Vermicompost ((1:2:1), Red soil +Sand +Vermicompost (2:1:1), Soil + Sand +FYM (1:1:1), Soil + Sand + FYM (2:1:1).ThesisItem Open Access “EVALUATION OF THE GROWTH, BIOMASS & CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL OF SELECTED MPTs UNDER PLANTATION”(DEPARTMENT OF SILVICULTURE AND AGROFORESTRY COLLEGE OF FORESTRY BANDA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY, BANDA-210 001, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA, 2023-10-03) ANKIT PAL; Dinesh GuptaA Research entitled “Evaluation of the Growth, Biomass & Carbon Sequestration Potential of Selected MPTs under Plantation” was carried out at Forestry Research Farm of Banda University of Agriculture & Technology in Banda, Uttar Pradesh during the year 2022-2023 in seven plantation blocks of different Multipurpose Tree Species (MPTs). First experiment was carried out to analyze the growth performance and carbon sequestration potential of 4.5-yearold selected MPTs blocks viz. Terminalia arjuna, Moringa oleifera, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Morus alba, Tectona grandis, Senna siamea and Pongamia pinnata. The results of the investigation revealed that M. oleifera displayed significantly superior growth parameters, with a tree height of 8.3 meters, girth of 0.64 meters, and basal area of 0.35 square meters, respectively. P. pterocarpum also exhibited remarkable performance in tree crown width, crown basal area, and crown volume, recording measurements of 5.7 m, 26.00 m2 , and 43.2 m3 , respectively. Minimum tree height & stem volume was recorded for M. alba with a value of 4.4 m & 0.0059 m3 . While, T. grandis showed the minimum GBH 0.20 m, basal area 0.003 m2 , crown width 2.5m, crown basal area 5.3m2 , crown volume 5.4m3 among the all selected MPTs. The order of carbon content in different tree species, from highest to lowest, was observed as follows: M. oleifera 30.94 kg/tree, P. pterocarpum 21.15 kg/tree, T. arjuna 14.08 kg/tree, S. siamea 13.71 kg/tree, P. pinnata 7.00 kg/tree, M. alba 8.60 kg/tree and T. grandis 4.26 kg/tree. Among the tree species, M. oleifera exhibited the highest above and below-ground total green and dry biomass, recording 46.6 kg/tree and 15.24 kg/tree. Additionally, it sequestered the maximum amount of CO2, with 126.04 mg/ha. M. oleifera, showing to its higher mean growth parameters recorded the highest Average Aboveground & Belowground Biomass per tree 46.65 kg & 15.24 kg, followed by P. pterocarpum with values 36.01 kg/tree, 6.21kg per tree respectively. While, T. grandisis observed the minimum AGB 6.84kg & BGB 1.67 kg per tree. The physiochemical analysis of the soils revealed that, there is significant variation in Soil pH, Soil EC & Soil Moisture, while Soil Bulk Density showed insignificant variation for different soil layers of all the 8 treatments (7 MPTs plantation blocks and Fallow land). Soil pH ranged from 7.4 to 8.1, which reveals that soil of the study area is slightly alkaline in nature. Soil organic carbon in top layer (L1 0-15cm) was recorded highest under Fallow land 0.33% which was closely followed by P. pterocarpum 0.32%, while least was observed for S. siamea 0.28%. In nutshell, we can say that M. oleifera with stand density of 1111 tree/ha displayed maximum carbon storage potential 34.38 Mg ha-1 that helps to sequester about 126.04 CO2/Mg/ha from the atmosphere, while P. pterocarpum with stand density of 400 tree/ha & carbon storage potential of 8.46 Mg ha-1, removes about 31.02 CO2/Mg/ha from the atmosphere. The data generated from the study will serve as baseline data for the future research.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of pretreatments on storage behavior of osmotically dehydrated pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) candy(Post larvest Technology, College of Morticulture, Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda, 2023-09-25) Sunil Kumar Verma; Balaji VikramThe present investigation entitled “Effect of pre-treatments on storage behavior of osmotically dehydrated pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) candy” was conducted at Post Harvest Technology Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology Banda, during the year 2023. An experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD). Pre- treatments study was done on the basis of physico-chemical parameters as well as organoleptic quality of osmotically dehydrated pineapple candy with eight treatment combinations. The physico-chemical parameters of osmotcally dehydrated pineapple candy viz., TSS (°Brix), reducing sugars (%), nonreducing sugars (%), total sugars (%), acidity (%), pH, ascorbic acid (mg/100g) total phenol (%), crude protein (g/100g), crude fat (g/100g), crude fiber (g/100g),carbohydrate(g/100g), non-enzymatic browning and organoleptic quality i.e., colour, flavour, texture, taste and overall acceptability were evaluated at 0,30,60 up to 90 days of storage. Study of pre-treatment combinations with respect to physico-chemical characteristics of osmotically dehydrated pineapple candy reflected that non-reducing sugars (%), pH and crude protein content (g/100g), acidity (%), ascorbic acid (mg/100g), crude fat (g/100g), crude fiber(g/100g), total phenol (%) showed an decreasing trend while TSS (°Brix), reducing sugars (%), total sugars (%), carbohydrate(g/100g), non-enzymatic browning were in increasing trend during 0, 30,60 and 90 days of storage. Organoleptic scores of colour, flavour, texture, taste and overall acceptability also showed decreasing trend as storage period increased.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of plant growth substances on flowering, fruiting and fruit quality of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Mridula(Deptt. of Fruit Science, Banda University of Agriculture &Technology, Banda, U.P, 2023-06-29) SATYENDRA VERMA; Shubhash Chandra SinghThesisItem Open Access Genotype screening and efficacy evaluation of biorational insecticides against brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee)(Department of Entomology, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda Uttar Pradesh, India (210001), 2023-09-29) Deepak Tomar; Bhupendra Kumar SinghThesisItem Open Access “EVALUATION OF MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L.) VARIETIES UNDER ARJUN (Terminalia arjuna L.) BASED AGRI-SILVICULTURE SYSTEM IN BUNDELKHAND REGION”(DEPARTMENT OF SILVICULTURE AND AGROFORESTRY COLLEGE OF FORESTRY BANDA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BANDA-210 001, UTTAR PRADESH, (INDIA), 2023-08-26) ROHIT; Bhalendra Singh RajputThesisItem Open Access ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELLING FOR PREDICTING SUITABLE HABITAT FOR VULNERABLE TREE SPECIES Buchanania cochinchinensis (LOUR.) M.R. ALMEIDA IN VINDHYA REGION, UTTAR PRADESH,(DEPARTMENT OF SILVICULTURE AND AGROFORESTRY COLLEGE OF FORESTRY BANDA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BANDA- 210001, UTTAR PRADESH (INDIA), 2023-08-08) SWETENDRA KUMAR TRIGUNAYAT; Kaushal SinghA study was carried out during the year 2022-23 with a view to predict the future distribution range of Chironji (Buchanania cochinchinensis); identify the bioclimatic variables limiting the distribution and characterization of ecological niche in the Vindhya region of Uttar Pradesh., Two different ecological niche models (BioClim and MaxEnt) were applied to determine future species distribution ranges and identify limiting bioclimatic variables for real occurrence data of 57 locations. The ecological niche of the species was evaluated by using soil characters, present climatic conditions, population size, topography, and identifying the associates. The GeoCAT and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were used to find out the population size and topography. Results of the study showed soil pH varied from 6.46 to 7.92, Nitrogen from low (213 kg/ha) to medium (389 kg/ha), Phosphorus was medium (13.50-22.50 kg/ha), and Potassium low (84 kg/ha) to high (662 kg/ha), with 210m to 520m elevation and population size 4.515km2 (Extent of Occurrence) and 23 km2 (Area of Occupancy) with Mahua, Tendu, and Sal as associates. The distribution ranges were found with 80% overlap between the baseline (2030) and predicted (2100) habitat suitability for the focal species, which were primarily determined by the mean temperature of the warmest quarter (Bio_10) and precipitation of the driest quarter (Bio_17) that emerged to be the most sensitive with the contribution of 29.5% and 22.3% respectively. The present (2030) and future (2100) projections suggest 13.73 % low suitable, 86.27 % medium suitable and 1.52 % low suitable, 98.48 % medium suitable area respectively for the distribution and cultivation of the chironji. The findings of the study provide insight into the suitable habitats of B. cochinchinensis for its promotion and conservation in Banda, Hamirpur, Kaushambi, Bhadohi, Prayagraj, and Chitrakoot forest divisionsThesisItem Open Access “Socio-economic appraisal of different existing agroforestry systems in Banda district of Bundelkhand region”(Silviculture and Agroforestry Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda (U.P), 2023-08-08) Sheetanshu Gupta; Rajiv UmraoAn investigation was carried out in six villages of Naraini Block of Banda District of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh to assess the socio-economic status of farmers of selected villages of Naraini Block. Data were recorded for various socio-economic parameters like age profile, social category, family structure, literacy status, livestock, land holding, farm size, land use practices, income from agricultural crops, income from timber tree species and horticultural trees and total annual income. Growth parameters like height, diameter and volume increment of tree species in a year that were present in farms of respondents of study area were also recorded. Agri-horti-silviculture was the most prominent system in the study area which was practiced by maximum farmers (74.17%). Acacia nilotica, Prosopis juliflora, Azadirachta indica, Syzygium cumini, etc. were major timber trees whereas Mangifera indica, Psidium guajava, Emblica officinalis and Ziziphus mauritiana were major fruit trees found in study area. Most of the farmers of the study area were illiterate (71.7%). Farmers were categorised on the basis of their land holding as small (0-2 ha), medium (2-4 ha) and large farmers (>4 ha). Animal husbandry was also adopted by majority of the population in Naraini Block with maximum percentage of buffalo (92.5%) as livestock. Yield of main product (40.05 q/ha), agricultural income (Rs 120141.7/ha) and agri-allied income (Rs 23594.26/ha) was found highest for small farmers whereas net income was found highest for large farmers (Rs 54231.67/ha). B:C ratio was found highest for large farmers (1.72) and farmers practicing agri-horti-silviculture system (1.61) among all the other agroforestry systems practiced in study area. The findings of the study provided insight into the socio-economic status of the farmers along with the output they get from various components of agroforestry.ThesisItem Open Access “Effect of Growth Regulators on in vitro regeneration and germination behavior of Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Almeida”(Forest Biology and Tree Improvement Banda University of Agriculture and Technology Banda (U.P), 2023-09-15) Amarjeet Thakur; C. K. TiwariBuchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M.R. Almeida is commonly known as chironji belonging to the family Anacardiaceae. It is an excellent economic fruit tree of agro-forestry and social forestry. The species is highly heterozygous and cross pollinated with gestation period of 15-20 years. It has multifarious uses as seed are edible and of high medicinal value. It attains the height up to 20 m and distributed in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh. The species is listed as a vulnerable medicinal plant in the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red Data Book. Due to heavy unscientific extraction and lack of proper propagation protocol, there is a tremendous pressure on the natural genetic resources of the species. In view of the facts, the present study was carried out to investigate effect of various growth regulators on germination behavior of chironji seed and in vitro response of the chironji explants. The results revealed that BA 600ppm was proven best among all treatments with maximum values of germination percentage (73.67%), germination speed/rate (0.69), MDG (2.50), PV (15.00) & GV (37.50). In vitro response revealed that maximum value (24.67%) of callusing was found in internodal explants with minimum days of response of 12 days only in MS media supplemented with 2,4-D + NAA (0.9+0.6) whereas GA3 (2.0 mg/l), which was able to induce organogenesis in the cultures established through zygotic embryo with only 2% of morphogenic response in 27 days. The present study on germination behavior and in vitro studies will help the scientific community and other stakeholders to adopt seed pre-sowing treatment and in vitro approaches for the production of quality planting material of chironji for afforestation and reforestation purposes with high survival percentage on nursery and field plantation.
