Effect of long term fertilizers and manure application on yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and different phosphorus fractions in haplustepts
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Date
2013
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Publisher
MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
A field study entitled “Effect of long term fertilizers and manure
application on yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and different phosphorus fractions in
haplustepts” was conducted during Kharif 2012 in the Long Term Fertilizer
Experiments initiated in Kharif, 1997 at the Instructional Farm of the Rajasthan
College of Agriculture, Udaipur. The soil of the experimental site was sandy clay
loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, medium in available nitrogen and
phosphorus, while high in potassium and zinc.
The objectives were to assess effect of continuous application of plant
nutrients through organic and inorganic sources and its combination on crop yield,
content and uptake of both macro and micro nutrients and macro nutrient balance. The
experiment consisted of 12 treatments comprising chemical fertilizers, organic
manure, Azotobacter bio-fertilizer and their combinations, viz., 100 % NPK, 100 %
NPK + Zn, 100 % NPK + S, 100 % NPK + Zn + S, 100 % NPK + Azotobacter, FYM
10 t ha-1 + 100 % NPK (-NPK of FYM), 100 % NPK + FYM 10 t ha-1, FYM 20 t
ha-1, 150 % NPK, 100 % NP, 100 % N and control. These treatments were evaluated
under randomized block design (RBD) with four replications. Maize (PEHM-2) was
taken as test crop.
The results of the present investigation revealed that the highest maize grain
and stover yield (4033 and 6038 kg ha-1) were obtained by applying 100 % NPK +
FYM 10 t ha-1, though the results were at par with 150 % NPK. Integrated use of
chemical fertilizers and manure increased available N, P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn
content of the soil. These contents decreased significantly in the plot, where neither
fertilizer nor manure was added. Similarly, maximum N, P, K uptake was recorded by
use of 100 % NPK + FYM 10 t ha-1 with statistical equivalence with 150 % NPK. However, integrated use of chemical fertilizers along with FYM (100% NPK + FYM
10 t ha-1) led to maximum uptake of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn.
Availability of N was recorded maximum when soil enriched with 100 % NPK
+ FYM 10 t ha-1, P and K maximum with application of 150% NPK, availability of Zn
in 100% NPK + Zn + S treatment, Cu in FYM 10 t ha-1 + 100% NPK (-NPK of FYM)
and availability of Fe and Mn maximum in application of FYM 20 t ha-1 at all three
depths (0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm). Soil pH and EC were found to unaltered under
any integrated nutrient treatment. However, application of FYM 20 t ha-1 increased
organic carbon in soil.
Nutrient availability before sowing and after harvest of the crop was found to
alter with application of nutrients. Available P, K and organic carbon were decreased
with depth under all treatments and same trend was observed for cationic
micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn). However available nitrogen and pH of the soil
increased with the depth.
The study revealed that soil enrichment with 150 % NPK resulted in highest
positive balance of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and negative potassium balance
was observed under all treatments except application of FYM 20 t ha-1. The maximum
negative potassium balance was computed when soil enriched with 100% NP.
Application of FYM alone or in combination and 100 % NP application
related in higher value of all fraction of phosphorus whereas availability of different
fraction of phosphorus reduces under without phosphorus application. Concentration
of all fraction of phosphorus was showed decreasing trend with depth. Available
phosphorus concentration in soil at all depths can be explained by calcium bound
phosphorus fraction which has highly significantly co-related with available
phosphorus. All eight phosphorus fractions jointly explained 99.45 and 96.46 per cent
of variation in phosphorus content of maize grain and stover.
Description
Effect of long term fertilizers and manure application on yield of maize (Zea
mays L.) and different phosphorus fractions in haplustepts
Keywords
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Citation
Verma and Rathore, 2013