Heterosis and Combining Ability Studies for Yield and Horticultural Traits in Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum Sendt.)
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Date
2016-09
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College of Horticulture, Bharsar Campus, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “heterosis and combining ability studies for yield and
horticultural traits in capsicum (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum Sendt.)” was carried out at Vegetable
Research and Demonstration Block of Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar,
during 2015-2016. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three
replications. Six diverse capsicum lines were crossed in a diallel fashion (excluding reciprocals) to obtain
fifteen cross combinations to study heterosis and combining ability for yield and other horticultural traits.
Significant differences were observed among genotypes for all the traits studied. Significant
heterobeltiosis was observed in desirable direction for all traits. Similarly, significant increase or
decrease heterosis over check (Indham Bharat) was observed for all the traits under study. Eleven crosses
over better parent and three crosses over the commercial check exhibited positive and significant
heterosis for yield per plant. The cross California Wonder × LC-10 (18.49%) exhibited maximum
heterosis over the better parent and commercial check, followed by California Wonder × Solan Bharpur
(16.76%) and Solan Bharpur × LC-10 (97.08%). Further, the parent California Wonder emerged as good
general combiner for plant height, fruit diameter, fruit pericarp thickness, shelf life and fruit yield.
Whereas, the Arka Mohini was identified as good general combiner for plant stem girth and average fruit
weight. Similarly Solan Bharpur was good for number of fruits per plant. EC802552 was identified as
good general combiner for days to 50% flowering, days to first fruit harvest, fruit length and ascorbic
acid content, and LC-8 for number of primary branches. The highest specific combining ability effect in
fruit yield was observed in cross Arka Mohini × LC-10. Whereas, different cross combinations showed
the good specific combining ability effects in different horticultural traits in desirable direction. Hybrids
performed better in yield and other horticultural traits that opened the way for further evaluation and
release as hybrids. Hence, California Wonder × LC-10, California Wonder × Solan Bharpur and Solan
Bharpur × LC-10 can be recommended for commercial cultivation after multi-location testing.
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