GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN INDIAN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L.) BASED ON PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC MARKERS

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Date
2013
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Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract
Oilseed crops occupy a place of prime importance in Indian economy. Rapeseed-mustard is a major oilseed crop in India. It contributes a lion’s share to the total edible oil production in the country. In Jharkhand, rapeseed-mustard stands first amongst all the oilseed crops being grown during kharif as well as rabi season. The average productivity of rapeseed-mustard in Jharkhand (800kg/ha) needs to be increased as it is much below the national average (1176kg/ha). This can be achieved through breeding high yielding varieties. The success of any breeding programme in general and improvement of specific traits through selection in particular, totally depends upon the genetic variability/diversity present in the available germplasms of a particular crop. The present experiment was carried out to assess the nature and extent of genetic diversity among 30 genotypes including three checks (Vardan, Pusa Bold and Shivani) of Indian mustard. Variability parameters, character association, path coefficients and genetic diversity in the experimental materials have been estimated based on phenotypic traits, quality traits and molecular studies. A wide range of variability was observed for plant height, number of siliqua per plant, yield per plant and number of secondary branches per plant. Among the quality traits, maximum variability was observed for Linolenic acid, Eicosenoic acid, Erucic acid, Oleic acid and Palmitic acid. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of secondary branches, number of primary branches, number of seeds per siliqua, seed yield per plant, 1000 seed weight, number of siliqua per plant and days to 50% flowering. However, the same was also recorded for Oleic acid, Erucic acid, Eicosenoic acid, Palmitic acid, Linolenic acid and Linoleic acid among the quality traits. Correlation and path coefficient analysis revealed that number of primary and secondary branches per plant, number of siliqua /plant, number of seeds/siliqua, siliqua length and 1000 seed weight in addition to days to 50% flowering and days to maturity among yield attributing traits and Palmitic acid, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid and Oil content among quality components may provide a strong basis for indirect selection for improvement in Indian mustard for high yield with better oil quality. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters based on quantitative characters, on quality parameters, the genotypes were grouped into six clusters. Genetic diversity and relatedness among the genotypes have also been studied using five RAPD primers. A total of 28 amplified products, produced by five RAPD primers were recorded with an average of 5.6 fragments per primer. Nei’s analysis of genetic distance was used to construct a dendrogram which grouped the genotypes into four clusters. Based on the above studies, the most diverse genotype viz., BAUM-08-36 for earliness, BAUM-08-23 for maximum secondary branches/plant, BAUM-08-48 for siliqua length, BAUM-08-12 for number of seeds/siliqua, Pusa Bold for highest test weight, oil content and Linoleic acid, BAUM-08-24 for reduced Erucic acid and high Oleic acid, BAUM-08-14 for minimum Eicosenoic acid and BAUM-08-16 for high Oleic acid were identified. The disease reactions of the genotypes for White rust and Alternaria blight were also studied under natural condition and observed that the genotypes BAUM-08-12 and BAUM-08-24 were highly tolerant for both the diseases.
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GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN INDIAN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L.) BASED ON PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC MARKERS
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