GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN INDIAN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L.) BASED ON PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC MARKERS
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Date
2013
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Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract
Oilseed crops occupy a place of prime importance in Indian economy. Rapeseed-mustard
is a major oilseed crop in India. It contributes a lion’s share to the total edible oil production
in the country. In Jharkhand, rapeseed-mustard stands first amongst all the oilseed crops being
grown during kharif as well as rabi season. The average productivity of rapeseed-mustard in
Jharkhand (800kg/ha) needs to be increased as it is much below the national average (1176kg/ha).
This can be achieved through breeding high yielding varieties. The success of any breeding
programme in general and improvement of specific traits through selection in particular, totally
depends upon the genetic variability/diversity present in the available germplasms of a particular
crop. The present experiment was carried out to assess the nature and extent of genetic diversity
among 30 genotypes including three checks (Vardan, Pusa Bold and Shivani) of Indian mustard.
Variability parameters, character association, path coefficients and genetic diversity in the
experimental materials have been estimated based on phenotypic traits, quality traits and
molecular studies.
A wide range of variability was observed for plant height, number of siliqua per plant,
yield per plant and number of secondary branches per plant. Among the quality traits, maximum
variability was observed for Linolenic acid, Eicosenoic acid, Erucic acid, Oleic acid and Palmitic
acid. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for number of secondary
branches, number of primary branches, number of seeds per siliqua, seed yield per plant, 1000
seed weight, number of siliqua per plant and days to 50% flowering. However, the same was also
recorded for Oleic acid, Erucic acid, Eicosenoic acid, Palmitic acid, Linolenic acid and Linoleic
acid among the quality traits.
Correlation and path coefficient analysis revealed that number of primary and secondary
branches per plant, number of siliqua /plant, number of seeds/siliqua, siliqua length and 1000
seed weight in addition to days to 50% flowering and days to maturity among yield attributing
traits and Palmitic acid, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid and Oil content among quality components may
provide a strong basis for indirect selection for improvement in Indian mustard for high yield
with better oil quality.
The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters based on quantitative characters, on
quality parameters, the genotypes were grouped into six clusters.
Genetic diversity and relatedness among the genotypes have also been studied using five
RAPD primers. A total of 28 amplified products, produced by five RAPD primers were recorded
with an average of 5.6 fragments per primer. Nei’s analysis of genetic distance was used to
construct a dendrogram which grouped the genotypes into four clusters.
Based on the above studies, the most diverse genotype viz., BAUM-08-36 for earliness,
BAUM-08-23 for maximum secondary branches/plant, BAUM-08-48 for siliqua length,
BAUM-08-12 for number of seeds/siliqua, Pusa Bold for highest test weight, oil content and
Linoleic acid, BAUM-08-24 for reduced Erucic acid and high Oleic acid, BAUM-08-14 for
minimum Eicosenoic acid and BAUM-08-16 for high Oleic acid were identified.
The disease reactions of the genotypes for White rust and Alternaria blight were also
studied under natural condition and observed that the genotypes BAUM-08-12 and BAUM-08-24
were highly tolerant for both the diseases.
Description
GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN INDIAN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L.) BASED ON PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC MARKERS
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