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Agriculture University, Jodhpur
Agriculture University, Jodhpur was established on 14th September, 2013 by Government of Rajasthan under Agriculture University, Jodhpur Act 21 of 2013 to focus on holistic development of arid and semi-arid regions of the state covering 6 districts (Jodhpur, Barmer, Nagaur, Pali, Jalore and Sirohi), constituting 28% of total geographical area which is sustaining 20.8% human and 28.4% animal population of the state. The districts under jurisdiction of the university cover 3 agro-ecological zones of the state. These are Arid Western Plain Zone Ia (Jodhpur and Barmer districts), Transitional plain of Luni Basin Zone IIb (Jalore, Pali, and Sirohi districts) and part of Transitional Plain of Inland Drainage Zone IIa (Nagaur district). The university has 1 institute of diploma and 3 colleges to produce highly competent educated human resources in agriculture and allied sciences besides 2 agricultural research stations, one each in zone Ia & IIb and 3 agricultural research sub stations, one in each zone to prepare, plan and perform highly need based research in this acute water scarce but naturally rich bio-diversified zone of the country. The third most important part in tri-pillar (Teaching, Research & Extension) of agricultural development, the extension for transfer of technologies are reached to doorsteps of the farming community by 6 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (K-V-Ks), 2 in Nagaur district and 1 each in Jodhpur, Barmer, Jalore & Sirohi districts under the umbrella of the university. The different units of teaching, research and extension are coordinating to systematically run by the headquarter situated at Mandor, Jodhpur.
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ThesisItem Open Access Herbicidal weed management in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-07-25) Yadav, Manisha; Singh, IshwarA field experiment entitled “Herbicidal weed management in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was conducted at Instructional Farm, Mandor, Jodhpur during Rabi season of 2021-22. Field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with Ten treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments taken in the investigation were T1- Imazethapyr @ 50 g/ha at 20 DAS, T2- Propaquizafop+imazethapyr @ 50 g/ha at 20 DAS, T3- Sodium Acifluorfen+clodinafop propargyl @ 200 g/ha at 20 DAS, T4- Fomesafen+fluazifop-p-butyl @ 200 g/ha at 20 DAS, T5- Bentazon @ 750 g/ha at 30 DAS, T6- Pendimethalin+imazethapyr @ 750 g/ha as PE, T7 – Pendimethalin @ 750 g/ha as PE, T8- Sulfentrazone @ 75 g/ha as PE, T9- Weed Free and T10- Weedy Check. Among treatments, application of pendimethalin+imazethapyr @ 750 g/ha as PE significantly reduced weed density of Chenopodium murale L., Chenopodium album L. and Rumex dentatus L. as well as total density and dry weight of weeds at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest. Similarly, higher weed control efficiency and Weed index was also obtained under these treatments. Weed free recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributing characters and yields over rest of the treatments. Among herbicidal treatments, plant height, no. of branches/plant, dry matter accumulation (g/m2) as well as yield attributing characters viz., no. of pods/plant, no. of seeds/pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield/plant of chickpea were produced significantly higher under application of pendimethalin+imazethapyr @ 750 g/ha as PE resulted in higher seed and stover yield. Despite higher yield and net returns, returns per rupee of investment (B:C ratio) were low with weed free treatment due to higher labour wages. Increase in seed and stalk yield, which subsequently improved gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio also and recorded highest under pendimethalin+imazethapyr @ 750 g/ha as PE.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of nano fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2023-10-03) Meena, Lal Chand; Ramawat, NaleeniA field experiment entitled “Effect of nano fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)” was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) during kharif season 2022. Field experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with sixteen treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The treatments were taken in the investigation viz. control (N0), Seed Treatment with 5ml/kg nano DAP (N1), Seed treatment with 5ml/kg nano DAP + one foliar spray of nano urea (2 ml/l of water) at 25 DAS (N2), Seed treatment with 5ml/kg nano DAP + Two foliar spray of nano urea (2 ml/l of water) at 25 and 35 DAS (N3) under nano fertilizers, however, control (F0), 100% RDN (F1), 75% RDN (F2), 50% RDN (F3), under RDN levels. Results revealed that application of Seed treatment with 5ml/kg nano DAP + Two foliar spray of nano urea (2 ml/l of water) at 25 and 35 DAS (N3) of sesame significantly had higher growth attributes viz. plant height (32.3, 69.1 and 99.6 cm), dry matter accumulation (1.78, 6.84 and 11.86 g/plant), chlorophyll content in leaves (SPAD value) (36.0, 50.3 and 70.3 SPAD-Value), number of branches (1.65 and 2.77), number of leaves (18.5, 49.8 and 81.3/plant) at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively, as well as significantly increases yield attributing characters viz. length of capsule (2.6 cm), width of capsule (0.82 cm), number of capsules/plant (33.0/plant), weight of capsule (18.68 g/plant), number of seed/capsule (48.5/capsule), seed yield (888 kg/ha), straw yield (2079 kg/ha) and biological yield (2911 kg/ha) along with harvest index (30.42%) followed by the treatment with Seed treatment with 5ml/kg nano DAP + one foliar spray of nano urea (2 ml/l of water) at 25 DAS (N2). Similar trends were also observed with nitrogen and phosphorus content in seed (3.53 and 0.553%) and straw (1.77 and 0.283%) results in higher uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by seed (33.42 and 4.62 kg/ha) and straw (32.91 and 5.76 kg/ha), respectively as well as protein content (22.03%) of sesame and showed significant superiority over rest of the treatments. Increase in seed and straw yield, which subsequently improved gross returns ( 67756 and 61413/ha), net returns ( 41857 and 36207/ha) and B C ratio (2.59 and 2.31) due to application of seed treatment with 5ml/kg nano DAP + Two foliar spray of nano urea (2 ml/l of water) at 25 and 35 DAS (N3) and seed treatment with 5ml/kg nano DAP + one foliar spray of nano urea (2 ml/l of water) at 25 DAS (N2), respectively. Results further revealed that among different levels of RDN, 100% RDN (F1) was remained at par with 75% RDN (F2) with respect to all parameters taken during experiment. Application of 100% RDN (F1) significantly increases growth attributes of sesame viz. plant height (33.3, 69.9 and 100.3), dry matter accumulation (1.85, 6.71 and 11.31 g/plant), chlorophyll content in leaves (SPAD value) (36.3, 49.6 and 69.8 SPAD value), number of branches (1.61 and 2.63/plant), number of leaves (18.2, 50.7 and 82.5/plant) at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively, that enhanced yield attributing characters viz. length of capsule (2.6 cm), width of capsule (0.84 cm), number of capsules/plant (32.2/plant), weight of capsule (20.08 g/plant), number of seed/capsule (49.2/capsule), seed yield (922 kg/ha), straw yield (2161 kg/ha) and biological yield (3026 kg/ha) along with harvest index (30.59%) over its lower dose i.e. 75% RDN (F2), 50% RDN (F3) and control (F0). It was also recorded significantly higher nitrogen and phosphorus content in seed (3.08 and 0.552%) and straw (1.36 and 0.233%) results in higher uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus by seed (33.38 and 4.39 kg/ha) and straw (36.28 and 5.52 kg/ha), respectively as well as protein content (22.42%) of sesame over rest of the treatments, but remained at par with 75% RDN (F2). Improvement in yield of sesame, which subsequently improved gross returns ( 71566 and 59541/ha), net returns ( 46002 and 34116/ha) and B C ratio (2.80 and 2.26) under the treatment 100% RDN followed by 75% RDN, respectively. Based on net return and B C ratio, application of 75% RDN (F2) with seed treatment with 5ml/kg nano DAP + Two foliar spray of nano urea (2 ml/l of water) at 25 and 35 DAS (N3) was more remunerative treatments in sesame as compared to rest of the treatments.ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of Post-emergence Herbicides on Growth and Yield of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L). Wilczek](Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2023-08-18) Sofi, Mehraj Ud Din; Shukla, U.N.A field experiment entitled “Efficacy of post-emergence herbicides on growth and yield of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L). Wilczek]” was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture. Jodhpur (Rajasthan) during kharif season of 2022. Field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The treatments taken in the investigation were W1- Weedy check, W2- Weed free, W3- Imazethapyr 55g/ha, W4- Fluazifop-p-butyl 250g/ha, W5- Pendimethalin + imazethapyr 800g/ha, W6- Imazethapyr + imazamox 70g/ha, W7- Propaquizafop + imazethapyr 83.3g/ha, W8- Aciflourfen sodium + clodinafop- propargyl 210g/ha, W9- Fomesafen + fluazifop-p butyl 220g/ha, W10-Quizalofop ethyl 60g/ha. Results indicated that post-emergence application of fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl 220g/ha (W9) significantly reduced weed density and dry weight of Digera arvensis L., Phyllanthus niruri L., Dactyloctenium aegyptium L. results in achieving higher weed control efficiency at all growth stages of crop that improved weed index and also lesser nutrient removals (N, P, K) recorded at 30, 45 DAS and at harvest. Owing to reduction in weed infestation which improved growth attributes viz. final plant population (311 „000 plants/ha) at harvest, plant height (11.10, 36.21 and 58.3 cm), dry matter accumulation (2.75, 11.84 and 21.26 g/plant), number of trifoliate leaves (8.80, 14.36 and 12.06/plant) at 30, 45 DAS and at harvest, respectively, while total number of branches (6.21 and 7.09/plant), root length (12.58 and 13.49 cm) and root volume (7.08 and 10.08 cm3 ) was significantly recorded at 45 DAS and at harvest, respectively due to application of said treatment (W9) during field experimentation. Similarly, significantly higher number of pods/plant (35.79), number of grains/pod (9.74) and 1000-grain weight (42.26 g) were recorded under post emergence application of fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl 220g/ha (W9) resulted in production of higher grain yield (1253 kg/ha), stover yield (2093 kg/ha) and biological yield (3346 kg/ha) and also showed their efficacy in recording higher protein yield (309 kg/ha) and contents of N, P and K in grains and stover as well as their uptakes by mungbean. Improvement in grain yield that resulted in higher monetary advantages in terms of gross return (₹ 109,728/ha), net return (82,148) and B C ratio (3.97) by application of most effective treatment (W9) as compared to weedy check (W1). However, among all the treatments weed free (W2) recorded significantly highest growth and yield attributing characters and yield over rest of the treatments tested during field trialThesisItem Open Access Effect of Seed Priming and Foliar Spray of Stress Mitigating Chemicals on Growth and Yield of Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L). Wilczek] Varieties(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2023-08-07) Tanwar, Mamta Kumari; Shukla, U. N.A field experiment entitled “Effect of seed priming and foliar spray of stress mitigating chemicals on growth and yield of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] varieties” was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) during kharif season of 2022. Field experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with twelve treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The two factor were taken in the investigation, Factor A having two varieties i.e., ‘GM-7’ (V1) and ‘MH-421’(V2) and Factor B having six treatments viz. control (C0), seed priming with thiourea @ 500 ppm (C1), seed priming with salicylic acid @ 75 ppm (C2), seed priming with thiourea @ 500 ppm + foliar spray @ 500 ppm at flower initiation stage (C3), seed priming with salicylic acid @ 75 ppm + foliar spray @ 75 ppm at flower initiation stage (C4) and seed priming with salicylic acid @ 75 ppm + foliar spray @ 75 ppm + 2% urea at flower initiation stage (C5) under stress mitigating chemicals. Results indicated that variety ‘MH-421’(V2) recorded significantly higher growth attributes viz. dry matter accumulation/plant (3.91, 14.55 and 25.73 g/plant), number of trifoliate leaves/plant (13.62 and 9.88), chlorophyll content (2.25 and 1.24 mg/g), root length (12.5 and 14.5 cm), root volume (5.66 and 9.72 ml) and number of major rootlets/plant (13.68 and 15.82) at 50 DAS and at harvest stage and total number of branches/plant (6.2 and 7.4) at 50 DAS and at harvest stage and number of nodules/plant (30.09) and dry weight of nodules (93.09 mg/plant) at 50 DAS as well as significantly increase yield attributing characters viz. pod length (10.6 cm), number of pods/plant (28.5), number of grains/pods (10.2) and 1000-grains weight (39.48 g) resulted in higher grain yield (1025 kg/ha), stover yield (2361 kg/ha), biological yield (3386 kg/ha) and harvest index (30.27%) as well as protein content (23.31%) and protein yield (238.92 kg/ha). Variety ‘MH-421’ (V2) recorded higher nitrogen contents in seed and stover (3.74 and 1.22%), phosphorus content in grain and stover (0.431 and 0.235%) and potassium content in grain and stover (0.97 and 1.64%) as compared to ‘GM-7’ (V1). Similar trends was apparent with respect to NPK uptake by grain and stover. Increase in grain and stover yield, which subsequently improved gross return ( 93,629/ha), net return ( 70,120/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (3.98) under variety ‘MH-421’ (V2) as compared to ‘GM-7’ (V1). Results further revealed that among treatments of stress mitigating chemicals, application of seed priming with thiourea @ 500 ppm + foliar spray @ 500 ppm at flower initiation stage (C3) of mungbean significantly higher dry matter accumulation/plant (16.56 and 27.62 g), number of trifoliate leaves/plant (15.55 and 10.52) and chlorophyll content (2.39 and 1.29 mg), root length (14.8 and 16.6 cm), root volume (7.02 and 11.90 ml) and number of major rootlets/plant (15.59 and 17.76) at 50 and at harvest stage as well as number of nodules/plant (33.79) and dry weight of nodules/plant (105.52 mg) at 50 DAS. Significant improvement was recorded in yield attributing characters viz. pod length (11.2 cm), number of pods/plant (31.3), numbers of grains/pod (11.3) and 1000-grains weight (40.84 g) resulted in higher grain yield (1136 kg/ha), stover yield (2456 kg/ha) and biological yield (3592 kg/ha) as well as harvest index (31.62 %) over other treatment. However, seed priming with thiourea @ 500 ppm + foliar spray @ 500 ppm at flower initiation stage (C3) and seed priming with salicylic acid @ 75 ppm + foliar spray @ 75 ppm + 2% urea at flower initiation stage (C5) were statistically at par with each others with respect to yield attributes and yield of mungbean. Higher nitrogen contents in grain (3.90%) and stover (1.30%), phosphorus content in grain (0.452%) and stover (0.247%) and potassium content in grain (1.02%) and stover (1.76%) as well as their uptakes in grain (44.30, 5.13 and 11.59 kg/ha) and stover (24.58, 6.06 and 43.22 kg/ha) of mungbean, respectively as well as protein content in grain (24.37%) and protein yield (276.84 kg/ha) of mungbean and showed significant superiority over rest of the treatments. Increase in grain and stover yield, which subsequently improved gross returns ( 1,02,809/ha), net return ( 78,487/ha) and B C ratio (4.22) due to application of seed priming with thiourea @ 500 ppm + foliar spray @ 500 ppm at flower initiation stage (C3). On the basis of net return and B C ratio, application of seed priming with thiourea @ 500 ppm + foliar spray @ 500 ppm at flower initiation stage (C3) under the variety ‘MH-421’(V2) was found more remunerative treatment in mungbean compared to rest of the treatments.ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of Herbicides in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-11-26) Meena, Vikash; Mehriya, M.L.The field experiment entitled “Efficacy of Herbicides in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)” was conducted at experimental field of the Agricultural Research Station Mandor, Jodhpur during Rabi season of 2021-22. The treatments consisting of ten treatments of herbicides viz. Pendimethalin 1 kg/ha, PE (T1), Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr (Ready mix) 800 g/ha, PE (T2), Diclosulam 20 g/ha, PE (T3), Flumioxazin 100 g/ha, PE (T4), Imazethapyr 50 g/ha (20 DAS) (T5), Sodium aciflurofan + Clodinafop propargyl (Ready mix) 210 g/ha (20 DAS) (T6), Fomesafen + Fluazifop p-butyl 220 g/ha 20 DAS (Ready mix) (T7), Fluazifop p-butyl, 250 g/ha (20 DAS) (T8), weed free (T9) and weedy check (T10) were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The fenugreek var. RMT-305 was used for experimentation. Results showed that the weed observations, growth parameters, yield attributes and yield, nutrient content and uptake, quality and economics of fenugreek were significantly influenced due to application of different treatment of weed management. Application of Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr (Ready mix) 800 g/ha, PE (T2) gave significantly lowest density of different weeds viz., Chenopodium murale L., Chenopodium album L., Rumex dentatus L., other minor weeds and total weeds, total dry weight of weeds, lowest weed index and maximum weed control efficiency at 30, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest stages. Further, significantly higher plant height, dry matter accumulation, number of branches/plant, number of seeds/pod, length of pod, test weight, number of nodules/plant, fresh and dry weight of nodules, seed, straw and biological yields (1652 kg/ha, 4041 kg/ ha and 5693 kg/ha, respectively), nitrogen content and uptake by seed and straw, protein content in seed, net returns (Rs 79162/ha) and B: C ratio (4.32) of fenugreek were also obtained with Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr (Ready mix) 800 g/ha, PE (T2). Thus, the application of Pendimethalin + Imazethapyr (Ready mix) 800 g/ha, PE was found economically viable method of weed control in fenugreek having highest (75.12%) weed control efficiency along with highest seed yield, higher monetary returns and B: C ratio.ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of Herbicides on Growth and Yield of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022) Kumar, Anuj; Ram, MoolaThe field experiment entitled “Efficacy of herbicides on growth and yield of chia (Salvia hispanica L.)” was conducted at Research Farm of ARS, Mandor, Jodhpur, Agriculture University, Jodhpur during Rabi season of 2021-22. The treatments consisting of ten treatments of weed management viz. bentazon 48% SL 500 g/ha at 30 DAS (T1), bentazon 48% SL 750 g/ha at 30 DAS (T2), fluazifop–p butyl 11.1% SL 100 g/ha at 30 DAS (T3), fluazifop–p-butyl 11.1% SL 200 g/ha at 30 DAS (T4), sulfentrazon 39.6% SC 50 g/ha as pre-emergence (T5), sulfentrazon 39.6% SC 75 g/ha as pre-emergence (T6), pendimethalin 38.7% CS 200 g/ha pre-emergence (T7), pendimethalin 38.7% CS 400 g/ha pre-emergence (T8), weed free (T9) and weedy check (T10) were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that post-emergence application of bentazon 48% SL 750 g/ha recorded significantly lower density of total weeds, total dry weight of weeds, weed index and higher weed control efficiency, growth attributes, yield attributes, yield, net returns and BC ratio as compared to weedy check. Among pre-emergence applied herbicides, sulfentrazon 39.6% SC 75 g/ha (T6) and pendimethalin 38.7% CS 400 g/ha (T8) were statistically at par and recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes and lower total dry weight of weeds, weed index and higher weed control efficiency. Therefore, bentazon 48% SL 750 g/ha as post-emergence (30 DAS) herbicide and sulfentrazon 39.6% SC 75 g/ha or pendimethalin 38.7% CS 400 g/ha as pre-emergence can be used for weed control in chia crop.ThesisItem Open Access Bio-efficacy of Sorghum Extract and Herbicide on Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2022-07-20) KIKRALIYA, DEVI LAL; Shukla, U.N.; Mehriya, M.L.; Raiger, P.R.Bio-efficacy of Sorghum Extract and Herbicide on Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Devi Lal Kikraliya* (Scholar) Dr. U.N. Shukla** (Major advisor) ABSTRACT A field experiment entitled “Bio-efficacy of sorghum extract and herbicide on growth, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) during rabi season of 2021-22. Field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with eleven treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The treatments taken in the investigation were W1-sorghum extract (1:1), W2- Sorghum extract (1:2), W3- Sorghum extract (1:3), W4-Sorghum extract (1:4), W5-Ready mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W6-Sorghum extract (1:1) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W7- Sorghum extract (1:2) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W8- Sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W9- Sorghum extract (1:4) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha, W10- Weed free and W11- Weedy check. According to treatments, different ratio of sorghum extract applied either alone or with ready-mix herbicide. Results indicated that post-emergence and sequential application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) significantly reduced weed density and dry weight of C. murale L., C. album L., Rumex dentatus L., Asphodelus tenuifolius L. and Cyperus rotundus L. results in obtaining higher weed control efficiency at all the growth stages of crop that improved weed index and also lesser nutrient removals (N, P, K) recorded at 60 DAS and at harvest. Owing to reduction in weed infestation which improved growth attributes viz. final plant population including tillers (442/m2 ) at harvest, plant height (51.69, 83.72 and 90.49 cm), number of tillers (464, 453 and 442/m2 ), dry matter accumulation (374.24, 781.46 and 964.44 g/m2 ) at 60, 90 and at harvest, respectively, while SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (51.23 and 50.09) was significantly recorded at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively due to application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) as compared to their higher concentration of sorghum extracts applied either alone or with ready-mix herbicide including weedy check (W11) during field experimentation at all growth stages except 30 DAS, where none of the treatments showed significant effects. Similarly, significantly higher number of effective tillers (414/m2 ), length of spike (17.50 cm), number of grains/spike (43.33) and 1000-grain weight (44.45 g) were recorded under post-emergence and sequential application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) resulted in production of higher grain yield (4543 kg/ha.), straw yield (5103 kg/ha.) and biomass yield (9646 kg/ha.) and also showed their efficacy in recording higher protein yield (438 kg/ha) and contents of N, P and K in grains and straw as well as their uptakes by wheat. Improved in grain yield that resulted in higher monetary advantages in terms of gross return (`1,20,351/ha), net return (` 87,830/ha) and B: C ratio (3.70) by the application of sorghum extract (1:3) + ready-mix of clodinafop + metsulfuron 64 g/ha (W8) as compared to weedy check (W11). Among alone application of sorghum extracts, application of sorghum extracts (1:3) significantly reduces weeds and recorded higher growth, yield attributes, yield, nutrients uptakes and economics as well as higher microbial population as compared weedy check (W11).ThesisItem Open Access Efficacy of Herbicides on Growth and Yield of Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.](Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2020-11-02) Kumar, Surendra; Choudhary, Rakesh; Singh, Ishwar; Mehriya, M.L.A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur during kharif, 2019 to study the “Efficacy of herbicides on growth and yield of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]”. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design wherein, thirteen treatments were undertaken and replicated thrice. The treatments taken in the investigation were T1- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS, T2- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 100 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS, T3- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 110 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS, T4- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 120 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS, T5- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS, T6- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 100 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS, T7- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 110 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS, T8- Tembotrione 42% SC @ 120 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS, T9- Atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb Tembotrione 42% SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS, T10- Atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS, T11- Atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS, T12- Weedy check and T13- Weed free. Among weed management treatments, atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb tembotrione 42% SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS showed the lowest weed density (3.96 m-2) and weed dry weight (1.79 g m-2) at 20 DAS. But lower weed density of total weeds (broad and narrow leaved) at 40 DAS and at harvest stage were found in atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS (2.40 m -2 & 2.50 m-2). The lowest dry matter at 40 DAS (1.76 g m-2) and harvest stage (2.56 g m-2) were found in atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS and atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS over weedy check, respectively. The higher weed control efficiency was recorded by application of pre and post emergence herbicides i.e. atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb tembotrione 42% SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS (80.94%) at 20 DAS. At 40 DAS atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS fb one hand weeding at 35 DAS was found superior with weed control efficiency of 96.52% but application of pre-emergence atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS showed maximum control efficiency (95.04%) at harvest stage. The lowest weed index was found with atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS (7.93%). The significant taller plant and plant dry matter at all crop growth stages (74.9 cm & 179.6 cm) and (77.7 g m -2 & 672.1 g m-2) were recorded with the application of atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS. The maximum value of yield attributes viz. effective tillers (2.67 plant-1), test weight (8.29 g), girth (31.43 mm), ear head length (28.53 cm), grain yield (2194 kg ha-1), stover yield (4527 kg ha-1), and biological yield (6721 kg ha-1)were observed with the treatment atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS. Economic evaluation of treatment weed free fetched highest gross return (` 81681 ha-1) and net return (` 56933 ha-1) followed by atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS fetched highest gross return (` 75573 ha-1) and net return (` 54620 ha-1) however, atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb tembotrione 42% SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS depicted higher profitability level in respect of B: C ratio (3.75). Weed free was obtained maximum profitability (` 686 day-1) followed by atrazine 50% WP @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS (` 658 day-1) and atrazine 50% WP @ 400 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fb tembotrione 42% SC @ 90 g a.i. ha-1 at 25 DAS (` 647 day-1).ThesisItem Open Access Optimization of Zinc in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Varieties(Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 2020-07-20) Dev, Pushkar; Singh, Ummed; Ram, Moola; Singh, L. N.A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Jodhpur during kharif season of 2019 to study the “Optimization of Zinc in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] Varieties”. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design where in, four varieties of mungbean (‘GM 4, GAM 5, GM 6 and IPM 02-3’) and seven levels of zinc (control, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 kg/ha) were undertaken and replicated thrice. Among mungbean varieties, ‘GM 6’ recorded substantially taller plants (48.88 cm), greater dry matter accumulation (20.15 g/plant), more number of primary (7.67/plant) and secondary branches (3.92/plant) at harvest stage of the crop. Further, the variety ‘GM 6’ also recorded significant improvement in number of nodules/plant (21.15 and 26.48) and nodule dry weight (47.59 and 73.19 mg/plant) at 25 and 50 DAS of growth stages over rest of the varieties. Likewise, crop growth rate at 25-50 DAS (17.60 g/m2 /day) and 50 DAS-at harvest (6.21 g/m2 /day) interval was also noticed significantly higher by the variety ‘GM 6’ over other varieties. Recording of SCMR and LAI at 25, 50 DAS and at harvest stage were also improved significantly by the variety ‘GM 6’ over other varieties and the values fetched were 43.08, 52.44 and 36.88 for SCMR and 0.67, 3.33 and 3.17 for LAI, respectively. Interaction effect of varieties and zinc levels on LAI in mungbean was found significant at 50 DAS growth stage, zinc application at 5 kg/ha with ‘GM 4’, GAM 5’, ‘GM 6’ and ‘IPM 02-3’ varieties were found significant interaction. Significant improvement in yield attributes of mungbean viz., pod length (10.42 cm), number of pods/plant (32.52), number of grains/pod (11.46) and 1,000- grains weight (50.63 g) were attained by the variety ‘GM 6’ over rest of the varieties undertaken in the experimentation. Similarly, significantly higher grain (1,313.72 kg/ha) and stover (3,016.63 kg/ha) yield were also recorded by the variety ‘GM 6’ over other varieties. Markedly higher zinc content at harvest stage in root (34.25 mg/kg) and leaf (38.40 mg/kg) were recorded by ‘IPM 02-3’, however, in stem (36.97 mg/kg) it was recorded by ‘GAM 5’. Further, substantially higher zinc content in grain (46.60 mg/kg) and stover (35.96 mg/kg) were recorded by the variety ‘GM 4’ over rest of the varieties. The same variety ‘GM 4’ also recorded statistically higher uptake of zinc by grains (52.07 g/ha) and stover (99.57 g/ha) over other varieties Economic evaluation of treatment (varieties) fetched highest gross return (`98,650/ha), net return (`77,176/ha) and B: C ratio (4.59) by ‘GM 6’ followed by ‘GM 4’ variety of mungbean. Among varying levels of zinc applied to mungbean, application of zinc at 5 kg/ha substantially enhanced growth attributes viz., plant height (15.00, 43.85 and 48.16 cm), dry matter accumulation (3.09, 15.58 and 19.41 g/plant), SCMR (42.70, 51.93 and 36.70), leaf area index (0.64, 3.45 and 3.28) at 25, 50 DAS and at harvest, respectively. Furthermore, crop growth rate (16.66 and 6.38 g/m2 /day), number of nodules/plant (21.81 and 26.65), nodules dry weight (48.23 and 73.82 mg/plant) at 25 and 50 DAS and number of primary and secondary branches (6.96 and 3.63/plant) at harvest stage were also recorded substantially higher over preceding levels of zinc. Moreover, significant improvement in yield attributing characters viz., pod length (9.97 cm), number of pods/plant (30.06), number of grains/pod (10.49), 1,000-grains weight (51.08 g), grain yield (1196.81 kg/ha) and stover yield (2861.93 kg/ha) were recorded with the application of zinc at 5 kg/ha over control and lower levels of zinc. Significantly higher zinc content in root (35.99, 16.91 and 26.49 mg/kg), stem (35.90, 23.18 and 27.73 mg/kg) and leaf (50.65, 56.87 and 35.50 mg/kg) at 25, 50 DAS and at harvest stage, respectively, were recorded with application of zinc at 6 kg/ha, the highest level of treatment. Additionally, significant improvement in zinc content in pod wall (21.18 mg/kg), grain (39.64 mg/kg) and stover (29.24 mg/kg) and N content in pod wall (0.82%), grain (3.92 %), stover (2.52%) and protein content (24.55%) in grain were also recorded with the highest dose of zinc applied at 6 kg/ha. Marked improvement in zinc uptake by grain (45.85 g/ha) and stover (82.72 g/ha) was recorded at 5 and 6 kg Zn/ha over preceded levels. All these improvements in terms of content, uptake and quality parameters were significantly higher over preceded levels of zinc. Interaction effect of varieties and zinc levels on N per cent in grain of mungbean was found significant. Zinc application at 6 kg/ha with ‘GAM 5’ and ‘IPM 02-3’ varieties were found significant interaction. Application of zinc at 5 kg/ha fetched gross return (`90,099/ha), net return (`68,174/ha) and B: C ratio (4.11) to the tune of 19.38, 24.31 and 0.45 per cent higher over control, respectively. Quadratic response function suggested highest response at optimum economic dose by the variety ‘IPM 02-3’ (220.99 kg/ha) followed by ‘GM 6’ (215.21 kg/ha), ‘GM 4’ (204.72 kg/ha) and ‘GAM 5’ (203.83 kg/ha).
