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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur

The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established on 12th June 1964 at Hyderabad. The University was formally inaugurated on 20th March 1965 by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India. Another significant milestone was the inauguration of the building programme of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi,the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India on 23rd June 1966. The University was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on 7th November 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga, who rendered remarkable selfless service for the cause of farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, kisan leader and freedom fighter. HISTORICAL MILESTONE Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) was established under the name of Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) on the 12th of June 1964 through the APAU Act 1963. Later, it was renamed as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University on the 7th of November, 1996 in honour and memory of the noted Parliamentarian and Kisan Leader, Acharya N. G. Ranga. At the verge of completion of Golden Jubilee Year of the ANGRAU, it has given birth to a new State Agricultural University namely Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University with the bifurcation of the state of Andhra Pradesh as per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014. The ANGRAU at LAM, Guntur is serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication. Genesis of ANGRAU in service of the farmers 1926: The Royal Commission emphasized the need for a strong research base for agricultural development in the country... 1949: The Radhakrishnan Commission (1949) on University Education led to the establishment of Rural Universities for the overall development of agriculture and rural life in the country... 1955: First Joint Indo-American Team studied the status and future needs of agricultural education in the country... 1960: Second Joint Indo-American Team (1960) headed by Dr. M. S. Randhawa, the then Vice-President of Indian Council of Agricultural Research recommended specifically the establishment of Farm Universities and spelt out the basic objectives of these Universities as Institutional Autonomy, inclusion of Agriculture, Veterinary / Animal Husbandry and Home Science, Integration of Teaching, Research and Extension... 1963: The Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) Act enacted... June 12th 1964: Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University (APAU) was established at Hyderabad with Shri. O. Pulla Reddi, I.C.S. (Retired) was the first founder Vice-Chancellor of the University... June 1964: Re-affilitation of Colleges of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Hyderabad (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Osmania University), Agricultural College, Bapatla (estt. in 1945, affiliated to Andhra University), Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati and Andhra Veterinary College, Tirupati (estt. in 1961, affiliated to Sri Venkateswara University)... 20th March 1965: Formal inauguration of APAU by Late Shri. Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... 1964-66: The report of the Second National Education Commission headed by Dr. D.S. Kothari, Chairman of the University Grants Commission stressed the need for establishing at least one Agricultural University in each Indian State... 23, June 1966: Inauguration of the Administrative building of the university by Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, the then Hon`ble Prime Minister of India... July, 1966: Transfer of 41 Agricultural Research Stations, functioning under the Department of Agriculture... May, 1967: Transfer of Four Research Stations of the Animal Husbandry Department... 7th November 1996: Renaming of University as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University in honour and memory of an outstanding parliamentarian Acharya Nayukulu Gogineni Ranga... 15th July 2005: Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU) bifurcating ANGRAU by Act 18 of 2005... 26th June 2007: Establishment of Andhra Pradesh Horticultural University (APHU) bifurcating ANGRAU by the Act 30 of 2007... 2nd June 2014 As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganization Act 2014, ANGRAU is now... serving the students and the farmers of 13 districts of new State of Andhra Pradesh with renewed interest and dedication...

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2018 - 201913
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Subject: Crop Physiology × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON GRAIN QUALITY IMPROVEMENT BY INHIBITION OF LEAF SENESCENCE IN BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo (L.) HEPPER)
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) NANIBABU, CHOPPA; SREEKANTH, B
    The present investigation entitled “Physiological studies on grain quality improvement by inhibition of leaf senescence in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)” was undertaken at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif, 2018. Three different concentrations of kinetin (10-2, 10-3 and 10-4 M), potassium nitrate (5 and 10 g L-1) and urea (10 and 20 g L-1) along with untreated control and water application control were imposed as foliar treatments on blackgram cv PU-31 in a randomized block design with three replications. Treatments were applied at three different times of reproductive growth viz., 10 days before 50% flowering, 50% flowering and 10 days after 50% flowering. Leaf senescence was studied by measuring chlorophyll content, APX acitivity, NR activity and urease acitivity. Kinetin at 10-4 M concentration appeared to be better in inhibiting leaf senescence during the reproductive phase of blackgram. Results also showed that lower concentrations of nitrogen sources (0.5% KNo3 and 1% urea) were better in decreasing the leaf senescence in black gram. Nodule senescence was studied by estimation of Lb content, APX activity and soluble nitrogen in black gram. Results showed that foliar application of kinetin at lower concentration (10-4 M) and higher concentrations of nitrogen sources i.e., potassium nitrate (1%) and urea (2%) decreased the nodule senescence most effectively. Inhibition of leaf senescence by kinetin resulted in the inhibition of nodule senescence, showing the association between leaf and nodule senescence. Mobilization of nitrogen between leaf, stem and root nodules in black gram was complex during reproductive phase since the treatments resulting in significant soluble nitrogen content changes differed in each organ during the reproductive phase of black gram. xii Foliar application of urea at 1% and kinetin at 10-4 M though on par with each other significantly increased the grain yield per plant in blackgram, while potassium nitrate had no significant effect. Foliar application of both the nitrogen forms (KNO3 and urea) in the current experiment with black gram enhanced the test weight of seeds significantly over controls, while the effect of kinetin was non-significant on the same. Increasing concentrations of both potassium nitrate and urea increased the grain protein content significantly, while with kinetin there was a decrease with 10-2 M from 10-3 M. Urea at both the concentrations (1% and 2%) and lower concentration of kinetin (10-4 M) significantly enhanced the harvest index of black gram in the current experiment, while potassium nitrate didn‟t affect it in any significant manner.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) GENOTYPES TO IRRIGATION IN RICE FALLOWS
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) VENKATESH, MANDALA; NARASIMHA RAO, K. L.
    The present investigation entitled “Physiological response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench) genotypes to irrigation in rice fallows” was under taken at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during rabi, 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three main irrigation treatments viz., one irrigation at panicle initiation stage (I1), two irrigations each at panicle initiation and booting stage (I2), and three irrigations each at panicle initiation, booting and 50 % flowering to soft - dough stage (I3) and five sorghum genotypes as sub treatments viz., CSH 14 (S1), CSH 25 (S2), CSV 20 (S3), CSV 23(S4) and Mahalakshmi 296 (S5)as local check, replicated thrice. The result of the study revealed that, significant differences were observed between main and sub treatments. Plant height was increased by 15.2 and 9.5 percent with three and two irrigations, respectively, over one irrigation treatment. Sorghum genotypes that were given two irrigations took 5.9 and 4.3; and 7.9 and 6.4 more days for 50% flowering and 50 % maturity, respectively, compared to one irrigation treatment. The sorghum genotypes that were given three and two irrigations increased the leaf area by 59.4 and 49.8 percent, respectively, and total dry matter by 1.16 and 1.12 folds, respectively, over one irrigation. Among the sorghum genotypes, Mahalakshmi 296 maintained high leaf area, photosynthetic rate, LAI and dry matter accumulation at all the stages of study. Mahalaskhmi 296 which received two irrigations increased the total drymatter by 1.09 folds over one irrigation given to it, and 1.59 folds over CSV 23 which was given one irrigation. Sorghum genotypes that were given one irrigation at panicle initiation stage increased the SLW by 17.0 and 15.1 percent over two and three irrigations, respectively. Sorghum plants that were given three and two irrigations improved the RWC by 17.1 and 11.6 percent, and total chlorophyll by 70.5 and 68.2 percent, and CSI by 15.4 and 15.3 percent, respectively, over one irrigation. One irrigation given to the sorghum genotypes at panicle initiation stage (i.e., terminal moisture stress) recorded 20.5 and 12.7 percent increase in proline content over the plants that were given two and three irrigations. Among the sorghum genotypes tested, Mahalakshmi 296 xv exhibited superior performance with respect to RWC, SLW, total chlorophyll, CSI and proline accumulation at all the stages of study, whereas CSV 23 and CSV 20 exhibited poor performance with respect to above traits. Leaf N content was increased by 77.6 and 68.4 percent, stem N content by 15.5 and 12.5 and panicle N content by 12.6 and 8.6 percent, with three and two irrigations, respectively, over one irrigation. Mahalakshmi 296 recorded higher leaf, stem, and panicle N content at all the stages compared to other genotypes. Sorghum genotypes with three and two irrigations recorded increased number of grains per panicles-1 by 19.7 and 15.0 percent, weight of the panicle by 19.1 and 13.3 percent and test weight by 11.1 and 8.0 percent, respectively, over one irrigation. Three and two irrigations increased the grain yield by 16.1 and 11.6 percent, respectively, over one irrigation. Among the genotypes, Mahalakshmi 296 recorded higher grain yield and its components, whereas CSV 23 and CSV 20 recorded lesser grain yield and components. In the present study, Mahalakshmi 296 with three irrigations increased the grain yield by 9.3 and 14.0 percent over two and one irrigation given to it, and by 58.3 percent over CSV 23 that was given one irrigation. Stover yield was increased by 15.9 and 11.4 percent with three and two irrigations, respectively, over one irrigation. Higher HI of 31.5% was recorded with plants that were given three irrigations, while the lowest of 28.5 % was recorded by the plants that were given one irrigation. Among the genotypes, Mahalakshmi 296 recorded the highest stover yield and HI whereas the lowest was recorded by CSV 23 followed by CSV 20. Hence, it can be concluded that, for getting maximum dry matter and higher grain yield of sorghum genotypes in rice fallows, it should be irrigated thrice at panicle initiation, booting and dough stages or twice at panicle initiation and booting stages.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF PACLOBUTRAZOL AND SALICYLIC ACID ON AMELIORATION OF WATER STRESS EFFECTS IN MAIZE
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) SUNEEL, D; ASHOKA RANI, Y
    A field experiment was entitled “Effect of paclobutrazol and salicylic acid on amelioration of water stress effects in maize” was conducted at Agricultural college Farm, Bapatla during Rabi season of 2018-19 in split plot design with three main plot treatments viz., M1: Control (No water stress); M2 : Water stress at knee high stage (V6 stage); M3:Water stress at cob development stage (VT-R1 stage) and seven sub plot treatments viz., Control (S1), 50 ppm PBZ spray at V6 stage (S2), 0.5 mM SA spray at V6 stage (S2), 50 ppm PBZ spray at VT-R1 stage (S2), 0.5 mM SA spray at VT-R1 stage (S5), 50 ppm PBZ spray at V6 and VT-R1 stage (S6), 0.5 mM SA spray at V6 and VT-R1 stage (S7) in three replications. Observations were recorded on morphophysiological and biochemical parameters at 38, 48, 70 and 80 DAE. Data on yield and yield components were recorded at harvest. The results of the investigation are summarized in this chapter. Water stress imposed at V6 and VT-R1 stage resulted in decline in leaf area (17.2 & 10.7%), chlorophyll content (19.4 & 24.6%), relative water content of leaves (19.6 & 10.1%), transpiration rate (44.5 & 25.7%), stomatal conductance (44.2 & 46.5%), internal CO2 concentration (15.6 & 16.2%) and photosynthetic rate (33.0 & 33.9%), starch content (41.6 & 18.8%), sucrose phosphate synthase activity (70.1 & 33.7%), invertase activity (65.7 & 28.2%) . Plants treated with SA at V6, VT-R1, at V6 and VT-R1 stages increased the leaf area (1.1 folds), SCMR (13.2, 8.6 & 10.9%), leaf RWC (6.0, 6.2 and 8.6%), PBZ spray at V6, VT-R1, V6 and VT-R1 stages enhanced the stomatal conductance (8.3, 12.5 & 18%), internal CO2 concentration (6.0, 8.2 & 8.4%) and photosynthetic rate (11.9, 11.8 & 14.1% respectively). SA spray at V6, VT-R1, V6 and VT-R1 enhanced the stomatal conductance (12.1, 22.4 & 24.2%) and internal CO2 concentration (7.2, 14.4 & 15.7%) and photosynthetic rate (17.0, 19.8 & 20.0% respectively, starch content (33.0, 23.7 & 23.1%), SPS activity (28.6, 9.6 & 11.2%), invertase activity (31.5, 15.0 & 15.8%), respectively. xv Water stress imposed at both stages enhanced the soil temperature (2.1 & 2.3oC), canopy leaf and shoot temperature (2.4, 1.1 & 2.0, 1.3oC), total soluble sugars (27.0 & 18.2%), activity of catalase (43.1 & 26.2%), SOD (31.7 & 33.3%), peroxidise (49.6 & 28.8%). Spray of PBZ at V6 stage caused 2.0 and 2.2oC decline in leaf and shoot temperature respectively. SA spray at V6 stage declined the leaf and shoot temperature by 3.5 and 3.1oC. The spray of it at VT-R1, V6 and VT-R1 stages declined the leaf and shoot temperature 2.8, 2.8, 1.9 and 1.7oC respectively. SA spray at V6, VTR1, V6 and VT-R1 stages caused decline in total soluble sugars (19.5, 17.8 & 16.9%), activity of catalase (23.8%), SOD (11.3%) and peroxidise (27.5%). The spray of SA at VT-R1,, V6 and VT-R1 stages caused decline in activity of catalase (22.0%), SOD and peroxidise (26.0 & 25.6% respectively), indicating the reduction in oxidation stress and impact of water stress. The effect of PBZ spray was found on par with both SA spray and control. Water stress imposed at both stages showed decline in dry matter of leaf (37.2 & 39.7%), stem (46.3 & 38.0%), root (41.7 & 43.2%), reproductive parts (35.8%) and total plant (46.3 & 37.3% respectively). Plants treated with SA at V6 stage increased the dry matter of leaf (31.8%), stem (11.8%), root (26.0%), reproductive parts (6.5%) and total plant (21.5%). The spray of SA at VT-R1, V6 and VT-R1 stages increased the dry matter of leaf (17.37 & 19.0%), stem (12.0%), root (34.1 & 32.6%), reproductive parts (10.3 & 11.2%) and total plant (13.5 & 14.2%), respectively. The effect of PBZ spray was found on par with both SA spray and control. Water stress imposed at both stages showed decline in number of cobs plant-1, number of rows cob-1, number of kernels row-1, cob length, cob yield, kernel yield, test weight and shelling percentage. Plants treated with SA at V6, VT-R1, V6 and VT-R1 stages enhanced the number of cobs plant-1 (17.1, 18.6 & 20.1%), number of rows cob-1 (17.5, 18.2 & 19.6%), number of kernels row-1 (9.4, 10.4 & 10.5%), cob length (10.9, 11.2 & 11.2%), cob yield (17.5, 20.2 & 21.6%), kernel yield (20.6, 23.2 & 24.6%), test weight (7.3, 7.8 & 7.6%) and shelling percentage (4.2, 5.0 & 4.9 % respectively). The effect of PBZ spray was found on par with both SA spray and control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    SOURCE AND SINK STUDIES IN BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) INFLUENCED BY PGRs, MAJOR AND MINOR NUTRIENTS
    (ACHARYA N G RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, GUNTUR, 2019) AKSHATA; ASHOKA RANI, Y
    A field experiment entitled “Source and sink studies in Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) influenced by PGRs, major and minor nutrients.” was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif 2018 in randomized block design with ten treatments viz., foliar application of GA @ 50 ppm (T1), 6BA @ 20ppm (T2), SA @ 100ppm (T3), NPK (19:19:19) @ 2% (T4), MAP@ 2% (T5), ZnSO4 @ 0.5% (T6), Boron @ 0.1% (T7), Hoagland nutrient solution (full strength) (T8),Water spray (T9) and Control (T10) in three replications. Foliar spray of HNS increased the branch number by 42.2 percent followed by Boron (33.7%) and SA (32.5%) sprays over control. The increase in source size with HNS over control was 53.3 percent followed by NPK (30.7%). Sprays of Boron and HNS enhanced the chlorophyll ‘a’ by 1.7 and 1.6 times, Application of nutrients as a mixture caused remarkable increase in chlorophyll ‘b’ (40.2 %). Total chlorophyll was found high in HNS (49.9%) followed by boron (45.6%) and zinc (32.4%). Root, stem, leaf and pod biomass was found increased with Hoagland nutrient solution. Total dry matter was resulted high with sprays of HNS followed by NPK and MAP. Sprays of HNS, Zn and boron caused increase in source activity by 2.38, 2.15 and 2.03 folds and decreased the transpiration rate by 2.04, 1.84 and 1.73 folds. Foliar application of PGRs and nutrients resulted in rise of internal CO2 concentration through increase in stomatal conductance. The magnitude of increase was found high with HNS followed by boron and ZnSO4sprays. Nitrate reductase activity was found high (2.4 folds) in HNS treated plants. A greater impact on protein content in seed was observed with sprays of HNS (38.0%) followed by boron (27.1%).Sprays of HNS enhanced the starch content (62.2%) followed by Boron (50%), SA (47.2%), Zn (42.5%) and GA (41.4) respectively. SPS xiv activity was stimulated to a great extent with HNS (54.2%) and BA (50 %) followed by Zn (37.5%). The invertase activity was found high with HNS and GA sprays (2.8 and 2.7 folds, respectively). The sprays of HNS and MAP increased the sink number (pods) by 42.8 and 35.8 per cent, respectively. Use of PGRs, macro and micro nutrients has resulted in production of longer pods. It was found high with HNS (16.2%). HNS increased the sink strength by 74.5%, followed by NPK (46.5%), Zn (41.6%), and MAP (40.1%). The increase in seed number was more in T4 and T8, which showed 1.5 and 1.2 folds increase, respectively. There was no remarkable effect on 100 seed weight. The maximum increase in yield over control was observed with application of Hoagland nutrient solution (38.8%) and boron (26.2%) whereas Harvest index was found maximum in HNS (T8) treated plants followed by boron (T7) and SA (T3) sprays.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF PHOTOTHERMAL UNITS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF RAINFED LOWLAND RICE
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) NAVEEN, GALI; UMAMAHESH, V
    A field experiment entitled “Influence of photothermal units on physiological and yield parameters of rainfed lowland rice” was conducted during Kharif season of 2018 at wetland farm, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati with three dates of sowing by using four varieties in factorial randomized block design replicated thrice. The three dates of sowing were 1st fortnight of June, 1st fortnight of July and 1st fortnight of August, whereas the varieties chosen were, MTU-1010, NLR-34449, BPT-5204 and NLR-3041. A decrease in all growth parameters and yield components were observed with delay in sowing in all the varieties. Among the varieties NLR-3041 recorded higher growth parameters viz., plant height (61.15 cm), leaf area (572.23 cm2 plant-1), total dry weight (11.52 g plant-1), LAI (1.88), CGR (15.26 g m-2 day-1), NAR (0.034 g cm-2 day-1), LAD (31.51 days) and yield components viz., number of tillers m-2 (591.89), number of productive tillers m-2 (290.95), number of grains panicle-1 (128.05), number of filled grains panicle-1 (93.23), grain yield (4744.44 kg ha-1) in all dates of sowings. Pollen viability and stigma receptivity were found to be not affected by dates of sowing. However, among varieties they differed significantly. Number of calendar days taken to attain maximum tillering, 50% flowering and harvest were more with 1st fortnight of June sowing (67, 108 and 136 respectively) followed by 1st fortnight of July sowing (58, 97 and 124 respectively) and 1st fortnight of August sowing (49, 87 and 112 respectively). Among varieties more number of days taken to attain maximum tillering, 50% flowering and harvest were recorded with NLR- 3041 (66, 107 and 135 respectively) followed by BPT5204, NLR-34449 and MTU-1010. Highest grain yield was achieved in 1st fortnight of June sowing (5255.24 Kg ha-1) followed by 1st fortnight of July sowing (3224.29 Kg ha-1) and 1st fortnight of August sowing (2062.84). Among varieties NLR-3041 recorded highest highest grain yield (4744.44 Kg ha-1) followed by BPT-5204 (3653.73 Kg ha-1), NLR-34449 (3353.69 Kg ha-1) and MTU-1010 (2681.13 Kg ha-1). With every delay in sowing there was a decline in accumulation of photothermal units, growing degree days and heliothermal units. The influence of these thermal indices were more pronounced in crop phenological stages. The maturity of the crop was found advanced with every delay sowing. The highest accumulation of photothermal units (31980.69oC day hr), growing degree days (2728.74oC day) and heliothermal units (12524.14oC day hr) from sowing to harvest was recorded in 1st fortnight of June sowing followed by 1st fortnight of July and 1st fortnight of August sowings. Among varieties highest accumulation of photothermal units (31147.68oC day hr), growing degree days (2606.38oC day) and HTU were found in NLR- 3041 from sowing to harvest followed by BPT-5204, NLR-34449 and MTU-1010
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SILICON AND SALICYLIC ACID ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF GROUNDNUT UNDER SIMULATED MOISTURE STRESS CONDITIONS
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) MIKHIN, A.M S; SANDHYA RANI, P
    The present investigation was aimed to know the effect of silicon and salicylic acid on growth and yield of groundnut under moisture stress conditions. The experiment was conducted under field conditions for high WUE and other drought tolerance traits in terms of physiological efficiency, biochemical traits and yield attributes. The field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2018-19 in sandy loam soils of dry land farm, Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University. The experiment was conducted in strip plot, replicated thrice with eight treatments including two control (irrigated, stress) under imposed moisture stress conditions from 5070 DAS (pod initiation stage to maturation stage). The adverse effects of water stress on crop growth can be mitigated by application of silicon and salicylic acid , by which it induce the plants to become adaptive to water-stress conditions for a specified period of time. Foliar application of silicon may retain or helps the plants in sustain under moisture stress conditions. After absorption it may act as a barrier to the transpiration process and leads to retainment of plant water status. Salicylic acid regulates the stress enzymes as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Melonadialdehyde (MDA) etc. xv The study finally revealed that, the morphological parameters viz., plant height, leaf area, total dry matter, physiological parameters viz., total chloro- phyll content, specific leaf area, relative water content, relative injury, chlorophyll stability index, and yield parameters viz., 100-kernel weight, harvest index, shelling per cent, pod yields recorded high values in control irrigated treatment compared to control stress treatment. Among the foliar spray treatments to enhance drought tolerance, RDF+ K2SiO3 @ 0.4% followed by RDF + K2SiO3 @ 0.2% and RDF + Salicylic acid @ 100 PPM showed high physiological efficiency and yield under moisture stress conditions. Silicon application enhances the plant water status, through reducing the transpiration rate. Salicylic acid have well known role in maintenance of stress enzymes and leaf proline content, which are the important characters in stress conditions. Computing yield advantage and cost benefit ratio of foliar spray treatments for drought mitigation, RDF + K2SiO3 @ 0.4% recorded maximum pod yield and B:C ratio followed by RDF + K2SiO3 @ 0.2 % and RDF + SA @ 100 PPM compared to other treatments under moisture stress condition. The present study reveals that, foliar spray treatments RDF + K2SiO3 @ 0.4%, RDF + K2SiO3 @ 0.2 %, and RDF + SA @ 100 PPM are superior in terms of drought tolerance, physiological efficiency, heat tolerance, yield and yield components. Hence, foliar application of salicylic acid and silicon can be recommended to groundnut crop prone to moisture stress condition to sustain plant growth and final yields. Those are very effective short term solution for drought stress and can help in mitigating drought stress.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF CALCIUM AND BORON ON GROWTH, DRYMATTER PARTITIONING AND YIELD OF GROUNDNUT
    (Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur, 2019) HEENA KAUSAR, P; SANDHYA RANI, P
    A field experiment was conducted entitled effect of calcium and boron on growth, drymatter partitioning and yield of groundnut under rainfed conditions during kharif 2018 in dryland farm, S.V Agricultural College, Tirupati. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice with ten treatments and one variety Dharani. The groundnut differed in response to treatments (soil and foliar application of calcium and boron) in physiological, biochemical and yield characters. Among the all the treatments RDF + foliar application of borax at 35 DAS @ 0.1% + foliar application of calcium nitrate at 35 DAS @ 0.3% recorded highest plant height followed by RDF + gypsum application to soil during flowering @ 500 kg ha-1 + foliar application of borax at 35 DAS @ 0.1% recorded which highest leaf area , and total drymatter when compared to control. The growth parameters CGR, RGR, LWR, LAI were recorded highest in the treatment RDF + gypsum application to soil during flowering @ 500 kg ha-1 + foliar application of borax at 35 DAS @ 0.1% followed by RDF + foliar application of borax at 35 DAS @ 0.1 % + foliar application of calcium nitrate at 35 DAS @ 0.3% when compared to control. The growth parameter leaf area ratio was recorded highest in RDF + gypsum application as basal @ 500 kg ha-1. xv The treatment RDF + gypsum application to soil during flowering @ 500 kg ha-1 + foliar application of borax at 35 DAS @ 0.1 % also recorded highest biochemical activity, reproductive efficiency when compared to control. Root nodulation parameters such as number of nodules were recorded highest in RDF+ Foliar application of Borax at 35 DAS @0.1% and partitioning of drymatter content in different plant parts was observed more in kernels which shows that the photosynthates diverting to the sink i.e., pods. Computing yield advantage and B:C ratio of the treatments RDF + gypsum application to soil during flowering @ 500 kg ha-1 + foliar application of borax at 35 DAS @ 0.1% recorded maximum pod yield followed by RDF + foliar application of borax at 35 DAS @ 0.1% + foliar application of calcium nitrate at 35 DAS @ 0.3%. The present study revealed that gypsum application at 35 DAS @ 500 kg ha-1 along with foliar application of borax @ 0.1% recorded the highest physiological, growth parameters and yield. The other treatments such as RDF + foliar application of borax at 35 DAS @ 0.1% + foliar application of calcium nitrate at 35 DAS @ 0.3%, soil and basal application of gypsum, borax showed moderate performance. Hence it can be recommended that foliar application of borax along with gypsum at 35DAS is ideal in order to obtain good yield.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF SEED PRIMING AND SUPPLEMENTAL IRON NUTRITION ON GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF DRY DIRECT SOWN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) PAVANI, R; UMAMAHESH, V
    Laboratory, pot culture and field experiments were conducted to know the “effect of seed priming and supplemental iron nutrition on growth and yield parameters of dry direct sown rice” during kharif and rabi, 2017-2018 at department of Crop physiology and wet land farm, S.V. Agricultural college, Tirupati. Laboratory experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design replicated thrice with eight treatments and six varieties. The genotype MTU 1010 and the treatments T6 (GA3 @ 500 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%) and T7 (GA3 @ 1000 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%) recorded significantly high germination percentage, seedling length and seedling vigor index. Among treatments T5 (GA3 @ 200 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%) (1.93) recorded significantly high reducing sugars. MTU 1075 and MTU 1112 (50.1 and 49.2) recorded significantly higher and at par values of starch and significantly lowest and at par α-amylase. Whereas JGL 20171 (2.2) and MTU 1010 (2.1) recorded highest and at par α-amylase. A significant positive correlation (R2= 0.7743, 0.7102 and 0.8771) between α-amylase content and seedling vigour index was observed at 2, 4 and 6 DAT. Among treatments T6 (GA3 @ 500 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%) (2.0) recorded significantly highest α-amylase content. The pot culture experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. There were four varieties (MTU 1010, JGL 20171, NLR 33671 and MTU 1112) and five treatments (control, GA3 @ 1000 ppm, GA3 @ 200 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%, GA3 @ 500 ppm + KNO3 @ 3% and GA3 @ 1000 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%). Among varieties MTU 1010 recorded significantly highest plant height (cm) (17.34, 33.38, 45.61, 55.34, 62.51 and 71.64), number of leaves (5.34, 10.94, 30.76, 43.85, 53.62, 66.35), leaf area (cm2) (14.29, 30.49, 177.77, 343.54, 501.14 and 802.78), total dry matter (g) (0.98, 2.06, 4.96, 1032, 15.74 and 24.3) at xix all the crop growth stages. The performance of JGL 20171 and NLR 3367 genotypes was next to MTU 1010 in these parameters, whereas MTU 1112 recorded significantly lowest values. Among treatments T4 (GA3 @ 500 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%) procured better results. MTU 1010 and seed priming treatment T4 (GA3 @ 500 ppm + KNO3 @ 3%) was chosen for field experiment. Along with priming, supplemental iron nutrition was also provided to the crop in different forms and at different times. The field experiment was conducted in a randomised block design with three replications. There were eleven treatments viz., T1 (control), T2(seed priming) T3 (seed priming + FeSO4 @ 2% at 30 DAS), T4 (seed priming + FeSO4 @ 2% at 30 and 60 DAS), T5 (seed priming + FeSO4 @ 2% at 30, 60 and 75 DAS),T6 (seed priming + Fe-EDTA @ 0.5% at 30 DAS), T7(seed priming + Fe-EDTA @ 0.5% at 30 and 60 DAS), T8 (seed priming + Fe-EDTA @ 0.5% at 30 ,60 and 75 DAS), T9 (seed priming +pseudomonas fluorescens + FeSO4 @ 2% at 30 DAS), T10 (seed priming + pseudomonas fluorescens + Fe-EDTA @ 0.5% at 30 DAS), T11 (need based spray of FeSO4). Initial advantage of seed priming with GA3 @ 500 ppm + KNO3 @ 3% was observed in plant height (13.01 and 18.67), number of leaves (6.17 and 8.18), leaf area (16.46 and 27.67),total dry matter accumulation (0.94 and 1.78), tiller number (1.8), LAI (0.04), LAD (0.90) and CGR (1.51). However by 45 DAS the influence of iron nutrition was more profound. In general, starting from 75 DAS the treatments T4 (Seed priming + FeSO4 @ 2% at 30 and 60 DAS), T8 (Seed priming + Fe-EDTA @ 0.5% at 30, 60 and 75 DAS), T5 (Seed priming + FeSO4 @ 2% at 30, 60 and 75 DAS) and T7 (Seed priming + Fe-EDTA @ 0.5% at 30 and 60 DAS) were observed to perform better with respect to many morphological and growth parameters. Supplemental iron was provided more than once in these treatments. This was observed in plant height at 90 DAS (90.57, 87.53, 84.77 and 81.57), Leaf area at 90 DAS (1186.80, 1274.8, 1250.8 and 1145.8),days to 50% flowering (96 to 116), LAD at 75-90 DAS (46.75, 48.26, 44.27 and 41.83), CGR at 75-90 DAS (32.22, 29.43), number of productive tillers (11.0, 13.0, 12.0 and 12.0), number of filled grains (208.2, 202.47, 201.4, 200.67 and 195.13), 1000 grain weight (22.5, 20.35,19.56 and 19.51), straw yield (608, 602, 595 and 587) and grain yield (437, 430, 397 and 393). A low harvest index was reported from the present study ranged from 0.35 to 0.42. SCMR values, active iron content and total iron content was recorded at different crop growth stages. Grain iron content was estimated with Prussian blue staining. A positive correlation of SCMR values with the active iron content (R2= 0.5341) was observed at 90 DAS. Active iron content was observed to be increased with progressive iron concentration. The effect of pseudomonas fluorescens on growth and development of the crop was observed neither at 45 DAS nor at any other growth stage.
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    EFFECT OF NATURAL LIQUID ORGANICS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY, YIELD AND SEED QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF BLACKGRAM
    (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, 2018) BHARGAVI, Y; SUDHAKAR, P
    Experiments were conducted at S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati during kharif, 2017 to evaluate efficacy of natural liquid organics on physiological efficiency, yield and seed quality attributes in blackgram. A lab experiment was conducted in complete randomised design with three seed treatments viz., seed soaked in beejamrutha, water and a control was maintained without seed soaking. The results revealed that beejamrutha seed treatment recorded higher germination per cent, seedling vigour index and amylase enzyme activity compared to seed soaked in water and control. However, the coefficient of velocity of germination was recorded higher with the seed soaked in water (31.21) compared to beejamrutha seed treatment (24.88). The field experiment laid out in randomised block design with 3 replications and 10 treatments where individual and combined application of natural liquid organics was compared with inorganic treatments .Various morpho-physiological, biochemical and growth parameters were recorded. Inorganic treatments i.e. ANGRAU-ICM package and ANGRAU-ICM package along with seed treatment with water, recorded significantly higher morphological traits viz., Plant height, total drymatter accumulation, leaf area and growth parameters like CGR, NAR, LAI, LAD, SLW and leaf xvi biochemical constituents like free aminoacids, total phenols contents compared to all other natural organic treatments. Among natural organics, combined application of treatments i.e. seed treatment with beejamrutha, basal application of ghanajeevamrita, foliar sprays of jeevamrutha @ 3% and panchagavya @ 3% for every 10 days on crop found to be superior over their individual applications. Among natural liquid organic foliar sprays jeevamrutha @ 3% recorded significantly higher physiological efficiency and yield than panchagavya. Significantly higher seed yields of 1008.19 kg ha-1 and 962.39 kg ha-1 were recorded with ANGRAU-ICM package and ANGRAU-ICM package with seed treatment with water in blackgram. However, combined application of natural organics recorded on par seed yield (921.67 kg ha-1) with the two inorganic treatments. Post-harvest seed quality attributes viz., carbohydrate content, protein content, total sugars did not differ significantly among different treatments. Significantly higher catalase and superoxide dismutase activities of seed were found in the treatments ANGRAU-ICM package and seed treatment with water along with ANGRAU-ICM package followed by combined organic application treatment. However, plant nitrogen content was recorded higher in the treatment receiving combined use of natural organics followed by inorganics at both 50 DAS and at harvest. Ghanajeevamruta soil application also resulted in higher nitrogen content of the plant compared to other organic treatments alone. Plant phosphorus and potassium content were recorded higher in inorganic treatments (T1 and T2). Lowest, plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the plant was recorded in treatment receiving beejamrutha seed treatment alone. Among natural organics used, combined use of natural organics (T10) recorded higher or on par morpho-physiological attributes and seed yields compared to inorganic treatments (T1, T2) and observed significantly higher values than their individual applications. It denotes that adopting integrated method of natural organics application i.e. seed treatment with beejamrutha, soil application of ghanajeevamritha and foliar spraying of jeevamruta @ 3% and Panchagavya @ 3% for every 10 days can produce on par yields compared to inorganic method of cultivation in blackgram.