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Central Agricultural University, Pasighat
The Central Agricultural University has been established by an act of Parliament, the Central Agricultural University Act, 1992 (No.40 of 1992). The Act came into effect on 26th January, 1993 with the issue of notification by the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Govt. of India. The University became functional with the joining of first Vice-Chancellor on 13th September, 1993. The jurisdiction of the University extends to six North-Eastern Hill States viz., Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim and Tripura, with headquarters at Imphal in Manipur.
College of Horticulture & Forestry, a constituent College of the Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, was established on 7th March 2001 at Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh on the bank of beautiful river Siang.
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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on tolerance Ability of Citrus species against Salinity and Drought.(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2019-12-09) Begane, Nesara; Wangchu, L.; Hazarika, B.N.The present investigation “Studies on Tolerance Ability of Citrus species against Salinity and Drought” was carried out at the “Department of Fruit Science”, during the year 2016-19. This investigation was taken up with an objective to identify citrus species tolerant to salinity and drought, to study the effect of salinity and drought on the seedling growth of different citrus species, to study the tolerance levels of different citrus species against different levels of salinity and drought, and; to study the physiological and biochemical responses of citrus species against salinity and drought. During this study, salt stress, drought and their combination was given to three citrus species (Rangpur lime, Rough lemon and Indian wild orange). The different levels of polyethylene glycol-6000 [-1.0 MPa (D1) and -1.5 MPa (D2)] was used for inducing drought stress, while various levels of sodium chloride [75 mM (S1) and 100 mM (S2)] was used for inducing salt stress and untreated seedlings were served as control. The seedlings exposed to stress conditions were uprooted after 48 hrs and 30 days. The seedlings were subjected to analysis of morpho-physiological parameters like shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weight and relative water content. Biochemical parameters include photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), total soluble proteins, lipid peroxidation, leaf carbohydrate, proline, reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and hydroxyl free radical), enzymatic antioxidants (CAT, SOD, APX and GR) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid and tocopherol).ThesisItem Open Access “Drought stress in strawberry – Studies on physiological and biochemical attributes”(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2019-11-30) Thhokchom, Amrita; Hazarika, B.N.; Wangchu, L.The interaction effect of Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and varieties were evaluated to study the changes in the growth, chlorophyll contents, oxidative damage and anti-oxidant capacity of strawberry under drought. This experiment was undertaken to understand the mechanism of drought in Strawberry when subjected to limited water, which is often a formidable concern in North-eastern region where rainfall is the only chief source of irrigation. In this experiment, three varieties of strawberry i.e. Camarosa, Festival and Winterdawn were grown in sand and coco-peat culture for 30 days to establish fully after planting and thereafter three levels of PEG viz. 0%, 20% and 40% were incorporated twice a week until 15 days to instigate drought stress and later uprooted for further analysis. The result from this experiment indicated a negative impact on the morpho-physiological parameters due to the treatments. Shoot and root length, fresh weight and dry matter content of shoots and roots and relative water content (RWC) were significantly reduced when examined after 15 days of the treatments imposed. Chlorophyll and total soluble protein content were also declined with respect to the increase level of PEG and different varietal characters. The inhibition was more pronounced in 40% PEG and Festival variety among the PEG levels and varieties and the least declined was observed in Camarosa followed by Winterdawn at 0% PEG, showing better tolerance on considering the morpho-physiological parameters. Lipid peroxidation and increased ROS activity viz. hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2.-) and hydroxyl free radical (-OH) were resulted from the treatment with more accumulation in Festival, revealing that this variety is most sensitive towards drought stress than Camarosa and Winterdawn. Proline content increases when the plants are subjected to the treatment combination of PEG and varieties. The increase was more notable in Camarosa followed by Winterdawn at 0% PEG and the least in Festival at 40% PEG, indicating that higher concentration of proline in Camarosa may ascribe to its ability to tolerate drought. The result also indicated a heightened anti-oxidant (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) activity under progressive drought in all the varieties after 15 days of exposure to the treatments. Among the varieties, Camarosa exhibited the prominent anti-oxidant activity at the proximity of the drought i.e. 40% and the lowest was recorded in Festival. The relatively low level of anti-oxidant activity in Festival contemplates their low level of tolerance against drought that justifies their high level of ROS production and major decline in their morpho-physiological attributes. Therefore, on account of the ability of the strawberry varieties to tolerate drought by the anti-oxidative defence system, it can be concluded from this experiment that Camarosa followed by Winterdawn exhibited better tolerance against drought while Festival exhibited comparatively low tolerance to water stress.ThesisItem Open Access Study on Genetic Diversity of Carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) found in North East India(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2019-08-17) Lalmuanpuii, R.; Singh, Romen; Wangchu, L.The experimental results showed that individual fruit weight ranged from 24g (P10) to 117g (P16); fruit length 6.10cm (P10) to 12.16cm (P16); fruit breadth 3cm (P18) to 7.10cm (P16); volume of fruit 24ml (P10) to 116.6ml (P16); seeds/fruit 1.33 (P10 and P14) to 5 (P5, P6, P11, P13, P15, P16, P17 and P19); fruit yield 240 fruits per tree per year (P6) to 625 fruit/tree/year (P9); TSS 4.8 (P15) to 14.50Brix (P9); Oxalic Acid 0.01% ( P2, P8, P10, P14, P17 ) to 0.06% ( P13); Ascorbic acid 28.00 (P12) to 65.00 mg/ 100g (P14); acidity 0.13% (P8) to 1.32%(P13); reducing sugar 3.7% (P20) to 11.9% ( P9) and total sugars 4.1%(P20) to 12.50% (P9). Based on the results obtained from the present investigation, it can be concluded that, selected carambola genotypes exhibited noticeable variation in the morphological and genetical characteristics. The genotypes P9 exhibited maximum yield (625 fruits per tree per year), P9 highest TSS (14.50Brix), P10 and P14 lowest seeds/fruit (1.33), P1`4 highest vitamin C content (65mg/100g) and P16 highest fruit weight (117g). RAPD molecular marker also showed considerable variation in which out of the 20 RAPD markers used 15 primers generated 92 total numbers of band and 64 polymorphic bands with a mean of 4.26 bands per primer and 69.34% polymorphism. Dendrogram of the banding profile showed that the genotypes P1 and P20 are distantly related and P1 and P2 are closely related to each other. Thus, these findings illustrated the usefulness of morphological characterization and RAPD molecular marker as a logical method and useful tool for screening genetic diversity and will be useful for further crop improvement work for the development of superior genotype in the future.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Organic Manures on Growth, Yield and Quality of Assam Lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.](College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2019-08-17) PACHUAU, Rosangpuii; Singh, Barun; Wangchu, L.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments applied were: T1 – Control, T2 - RDF: N:P:K (100:100:100 g/plant/year), T3 - FYM (20kg/tree), T4 - Vermicompost (10kg/tree), T5 - Neem Cake (2kg/tree), T6 - Mustard Oil Cake (2kg/tree), T7 - FYM (10 kg/tree) + Neem Cake (1kg/tree), T8 - FYM (10kg/tree) + Mustard Oil Cake (1kg/tree), T9 - Vermicompost (5kg/tree) + Neem Cake (1kg/tree), T10 - Vermicompost (5kg/tree) + Mustard Oil Cake (1kg/tree), T11 - FYM (10kg/tree) + Mustard Oil Cake (1kg/tree) + Neem Cake (1kg/tree) and T12 - Vermicompost (5kg/tree) + Mustard Oil Cake (1kg/tree) + Neem Cake (1kg/tree) Experimental findings showed that the imposition of different treatments had a significant effect on improving the growth, yield and quality of the fruits. Maximum number of fruits/plant (85.66), fruit set (30.02%) and yield/plant (9.60 kg), juice content (47.46 ml/fruit), TSS (5.78 °B), total sugar (6.19%), reducing sugar (3.62%), ascorbic acid (52.63 mg/100 g), available nitrogen (430.52kg/ha), available phosphorus (57.30kg/ha), available potassium (306.13kg/ha), organic carbon (2.62%), total nitrogen (2.35%), total phosphorus (0.16%) and total potassium (1.66%) was recorded by treatment T10 - Vermicompost (5kg/tree) + Mustard Oil Cake (1kg/tree). However, non-significant effect was found in the vegetative growth characters.ThesisItem Open Access To Study the effect of PGR on rooting of leaf-bud cuttings in Assam Lemon (Citrus limon(L) Burm.).(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2019-07-11) Amin, Rohullah; Wangchu, L.; Sarma, P.An investigation To Study the Effect of PGR on Rooting of Leaf-bud Cuttings in Assam Lemon (Citrus limon(L) Burm.) was carried out during the year 2018 - 2019in the polyhouse, citrus block, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh. It is geographically located at 28° 04’ 43” N latitude and 95° 19’ 26” E longitude with an altitude of 153 m above mean sea level.The present investigation was carried out in completely randomized design (CRD) in the raised beds inside the polyhouse and replicated thrice. The prepared cuttings were treated with different doses of IBA, NAA and their combination in powder form and planted in raised beds in polyhouse.The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design having thirteen treatments i.e. T1 (Control), T2 (1000 ppm IBA), T3 (2000 ppm IBA), T4 (3000 ppm IBA), T5 (4000 ppm IBA), T6 (1000 ppm NAA), T7 (2000 ppm NAA), T8 (3000 ppm NAA), T9 (4000 ppm NAA), T10 (500 ppm IBA + 500 ppm NAA), T11 (1000 ppm IBA + 1000 ppm NAA), T12 (1500 ppm IBA + 1500 ppm NAA), T13 (2000 ppm IBA + 2000 ppm NAA). From the present study, it can be concluded that the treatment T2 (1000 ppm IBA) was found to be best for rooting of leaf-bud cuttings and survival percentage of Assam lemon (Citrus limon L Burm). Over all, the treatment T2 (1000 ppm IBA) gave the significant response in respect to all the shoot and root parameters during the observation periods i.e., days taken to first shoot initiation, height of first shoot initiation from ground level, number of shoots per plant, length and girth of shoots, number of leaves per shoot, number of roots, length and girth of roots, fresh and dry weight of roots and survival percentage in the foot hills of Arunachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access Integrated nutrient management studies on growth, yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under protected condition(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2019-07-10) kHARGA, SUDESHNA; SARMA, P.; Warade, S. D.The aforementioned experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture and Forestry, CAU, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh to study the influence of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under protected condition. It was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of thirteen treatments replicated thrice. The experiment was carried out under the protected condition using a suitable cucumber hybrid during the off season. Suitable gynoecious hybrid variety (KSP-1301) was procured from Kalash Seed Pvt. Ltd., Jalna for this experiment. The treatment details are T1 (RDF of NPK @ 150:120:120 kg/ha + FYM @ 15 t/ha), T2 (75% of RDF of NPK + FYM @ 20 t/ha), T3 (75% of RDF of NPK + FYM @ 15 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 5 kg/ha), T4 (75% of RDF of NPK + FYM @ 10 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 5 kg/ha + PSB @ 5 kg/ha), T5 (75% of RDF of NPK + vermicompost @ 7.5 t/ha), T6 (75% of RDF of NPK + vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 5 kg/ha), T7 (75% of RDF of NPK + vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 5 kg/ha + PSB @ 5 kg/ha), T8 (50% of RDF of NPK + FYM @ 30 t/ha), T9 (50% of RDF of NPK + FYM @ 25 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 5 kg/ha), T10 (50% of RDF of NPK + FYM @ 20 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 5 kg/ha + PSB @ 5 kg/ha), T11 (50% of RDF of NPK + vermicompost @ 10 t/ha), T12 (50% of RDF of NPK + vermicompost @ 7.5 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 5 kg/ha) and T13 (50% of RDF of NPK + vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 5 kg/ha + PSB @ 5 kg/ha). Integration of inorganic fertilizers, organic manures and biofertilizers has increased the efficacy of the nutrients in the soil. Integration of vermicompost with inorganic fertilizers and microbial inoculants has efficiently contributed in mineralisation of unavailable forms of nutrient to the available form. The results revealed that the vines of cucumber fertilized with T5 (75% of RDF of NPK + vermicompost @ 7.5 t/ha) recorded maximum vine length (190.26 cm), number of branches per plant (12.97) and internodal length (13.86 cm). However, the superior response in terms of flowering and the yield attributing parameters like minimum days to 50% flowering (34.01), minimum days to 50% fruiting (45.01), fruit length (16.20 cm), fruit breadth (4.21 cm), fruit girth (13.18 cm), fruit weight (197.39 g), yield of fruits per vine (1.75 kg), yield of fruits per plot (12.43 kg), number of fruits per vine (10.81), number of fruits per plot (91.51) and total yield (287.89 q/ha) was recorded from T13 (50% of RDF of NPK + vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 5 kg/ha + PSB @ 5 kg/ha). Likewise, superior quality attributes like highest TSS (3.560 °Brix), lowest acidity (0.220%), total carbohydrate (1.140%) and total chlorophyll content (0.530 mg/g) with minimum physiological loss in weight (both shrink wrapped and unwrapped condition) was also witnessed from T13. Maximum shelf life was exhibited by the fruits harvested from T13. The post experimentation analysis of the soil revealed that the maximum amount of available NPK (319.88 kg/ha, 40.05 kg/ha, 261.36 kg/ha respectively) and organic carbon content of 2.33% was recorded from the experimental units fertilized with T13.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of edible podded pea (Pisum sativum var. macrocarpon) var. Arka Apoorva(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2019-07-11) BHUTIA, PEKILA; ANAL, Marium Ps; Sarma, P.The experiments were carried out in Randomised Block Design replicated thrice comprising with 14 treatments under sandy loam condition. The experiments were carried out in Randomised Block Design replicated thrice with 14 treatments under sandy loam condition. The treatment details were T1 (FYM @ 10 t/ha + Rhizobium + PSB), T2(PM @ 5 t/ha + Rhizobium + PSB) , T3 (VBM @ 5 t/ha + Rhizobium + PSB), T4 (VC @ 5 t/ha + Rhizobium + PSB), T5(FYM @ 10 t/ha + Rhizobium + PSB + Wood ash @ 0.5 t/ha), T6 (PM @ 5 t/ha + Rhizobium + PSB + Wood ash @ 0.5 t/ha),T7 (VBM @ 5t/ha + Rhizobium + PSB + Wood ash @ 0.5 t/ha), T8 (VC @ 5 t/ha + Rhizobium + PSB + Wood ash @ 0.5 t/ha),T9 (FYM @ 10 t/ha,T10 (PM @ 5 t/ha), T11 (VBM @ 5 t/ha),T12 (VC @ 5 t/ha), T13 (Wood ash @ 0.5 t/ha), T14 (Control). Incorporation of organic manures along with biofertilizers and wood ash increased the growth, yield, quality and nutrient content of edible podded pea. The result revealed that the application of vermi bonemeal, rhizobium, PSB and wood ash (T7) showed significantly higher plant height ,root length, fresh and dry shoot and root weight (g),no. of pods/plant, pod length, pod weight/plant, pod yield/ha, crude protein, reducing sugar, and total carbohydrates. The minimum days taken to 50% flowering and fruiting as well node at which first flowering was recorded in T7.The postharvest available soil N was found higher in T8 whereas P and K were recorded maximum in T7. Plant N content was highest in T6 whereas, P and K were exhibited maximum in T7. The highest net income and B:C ratio were achieved with the treatment T7. The present investigation revealed that edible podded pea var. Arka Apoorva may be grown in pasighat condition with the combined application of vermi bonemeal, rhizobium, phosphate solubilising bacteria and wood ash for higher yield, quality and economic return.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of spacing and nutrient management on king chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) grown under protected condition(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2019-07-24) Shimray, Akhoki G.; Sarma, P.; Anal, Mariam PsThe experiment entitled “Effect of Spacing and Nutrient Management on King Chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) grown under Protected Condition” was carried out during the year 2017-2018 under polyhouse at College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh. Nine treatments with two factors (spacing and Nutrient) i.e. 3 spacing levels S1 (60 cm x 60 cm), S2 (60 cm x 75 cm), S3 (60 cm x 90 cm) and 3 nutrient levels N1 (90:45:45 kg NPK/ha + 20 t FYM/ha), N2 (120:60:60 kg NPK/ha +15 t FYM/ha) and N3 (150:75:75 kg NPK/ha + 10 t FYM/ha) were arranged in factorial RBD design, in order to study the effect of various spacing and nutrient level on growth, yield and quality of king chilli under protected condition. The plants grown in lowest spacing level S1 obtained the maximum plant height (205.73 cm), highest number of leaves/plant (1125.29), least number of days to flower initiation and fruiting, longest fruit length (73.16 mm), fruit girth (106.11 mm) and fruit weight (8.25 g). While the highest number of fruit/plant (175.72), fruit yield/plant (1.35 kg), Ascorbic acid (84.88 mg/100g) and capsaicin content (2.95%) were obtained from those plants grown in widest spacing level S3. The nutrient level N3 resulted highest plant growth parameters, fruit weight (8.52 g), number of fruits/plant (142.53), fruit yield/plant (1.13 kg), Ascorbic acid (80.24 mg/100g) and capsaicin content (3.02%). Thus, among the various treatment, the highest plant height and number of leaves was obtained in T3 and the least number of days required to first flowering and fruiting, 50% flowering and fruiting days to red ripe maturity, maximum fruit length and girth was obtained in T1. While maximum number of fruits 185.13/plant, fruit yield 1.45 kg/plant and quality parameters such as 88.53 mg/100g vitamin-C, capsaicin 3.11% and dry matter content of 10.29% with highest benefit cost ratio of 2.59 was obtained from T9 i.e. 60 cm x 90 cm + 150:75:75 kg NPK/ha + 10 t FYM/ha.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes.(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2019-07-25) Tasing, Kalom; Deo, Chandra; Sarma, P.The present investigation was conducted during May-October 2018 at Vegetable Research Farm, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh with 20 diverse genotypes of brinjal. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Genetic variability was studied for characters viz., plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% fruit set, days to 1st harvesting, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight (g), fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), number of flower per cluster, number of fruit per cluster, fruit yield per plant (kg), solasodine content (mg/100 g fruit), phenols content (mg/100 g), total sugar content (mg/100g), reducing sugar (mg/100g), non-reducing sugar (mg/100g), anthocyanin content (mg/100g) and flavonoid content (mg/100g). Data were analyzed statistically for phenotypic and genotypic variance, coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance, genetic gain, correlation coefficient, path coefficient and genetic divergence. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. High PCV and GCV, heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance as % of mean were reported for parameters like number of fruit per cluster, fruit weight (g), plant height (cm), fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), reducing sugar (mg/100g), fruit yield per plant (kg), non-reducing sugar (mg/100g), number of primary branches and total sugar content (mg/100g). Correlation studies indicated that fruit yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with fruit weight, fruit length and fruit girth but negative and significant association was established with days to 50% flowering, days to 1st harvesting and number of fruits per plant. Maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant was imposed by number of primary branches per plant followed by fruit length, phenols content, days to 50% flowering, number of fruits per plant, solasodine content, fruit girth, reducing sugar and fruit weight. However, high negative direct effect was observed for plant height, days to 1st harvesting at genotypic level. Divergence study revealed fruit yield per plant (kg) contributed maximum percent to diversity followed by number of fruit per cluster, plant height and flavonoid content (mg/100g). Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III and V and indicated that the genotypes within these were highly divergent.
