Central Agricultural University, Pasighat

The Central Agricultural University has been established by an act of Parliament, the Central Agricultural University Act, 1992 (No.40 of 1992). The Act came into effect on 26th January, 1993 with the issue of notification by the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE), Govt. of India. The University became functional with the joining of first Vice-Chancellor on 13th September, 1993. The jurisdiction of the University extends to six North-Eastern Hill States viz., Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim and Tripura, with headquarters at Imphal in Manipur. College of Horticulture & Forestry, a constituent College of the Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, was established on 7th March 2001 at Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh on the bank of beautiful river Siang.

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    JournalItemOpen Access
    Agricultural Economics Research Review
    (Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), 2018-06-30) Kumar, P; Birthal, Pratap S; Bathla, seema
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    BookItemOpen Access
    Agroforestry: Sytem and Practices
    (Oxford Book Company, Jaipur, 2010) Umarani, Ramesh; Jain, A.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Analysis of variability in morphological and molecular characteristics of Melia dubia Cav.Syn. Melia composita Willd
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2021-03-04) Daryal, Unshani; Dobhal, Shivani; Mehra, Tara Singh
    In the present study, ANOVA using CRD was conducted which revealed significant differences among the selected plus trees for all characters studied. The highest GCV and PCV was observed as 29.19 and 31.31 respectively. The GCV is found to have lower magnitude than the PCV for all the traits. This implies that these traits are influenced by the local environmental factors. Heritability varied from 87% to 98%, the first 4 traits have high heritability values accompanied with high genetic advance which indicates strong additive gene action. High heritability but low genetic advance was observed in pulp thickness which indicate presence of non-additive gene effects and high environmental interaction. Themaximum inter-distance(4943.48) was found between cluster-3 and cluster-4. The minimum inter-cluster distance(501.93) was recorded between cluster-2 and cluster-4 indicating genetic closenesss. The maximum intra-cluster distance(164.21) was found in cluster-1 and the minimum was found in cluster-5 with an intra-cluster distance zero. The maximum intra-cluster distance shown by cluster 1 implies greater genetic diversity than other clusters. The 34 plus trees were grouped into five clusters through cluster analysis. Cluster 1 had a maximum number of CPTs with 26 genotyps, whereas the least number observed for cluster 5 with just 1 genotype. Clusters with only one plus tree can either possess superior or inferior quality among the plus trees. The clustering pattern indicates that plus trees from the same geographic sources were grouped into different clusters and vice-versa. PCA of the morphological characters revealed the first three components have the eigenvalues greater than one and cumulatively accounted for 94.8% of the total variation. The protocol of genomic DNA extraction by Swati et al. (2016) as described by Doyle and Doyle, (1987) was used in the present study.The concentration of genomic DNA from juvenile leaves of Melia dubia with absorbance ratio (A260/A280) ranged from 1.71 to 2.30. The highest average expected genetic diversity (h) (0.47) was obtained with primer C31 and lowest (0.35) with primer MAC69.The highest polymorphism (PIC) was reported with primer C31 (0.48) and lowest (0.35) with primer MAC69. The selected plus trees were amplifiedusing 15 SSR markers, of which 5 primers were found to be polymorphic. The UPGMA dendrogram was generated, which resulted in the formation of 8 clusters, where the biggest cluster was found in cluster 1 with 15 different genotypes. The genetic dissimilarity between pair-wise comparisons of the genotypes using NTSYS. The overall dissimilarity values among the selected plus trees ranged from 0.00 to 0.85. Though overall correlation between matrices was low (r=-0.04426, p=0.2212), both morphological and molecular dendogram clustered various progenies on least similar patterns.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Analysis of variability in morphological and molecular characteristics of Melia dubia Cav.Syn. Melia composita Willd.”
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2021-03-04) Daryal, Unshani; Dobhal, Shivani; Taying, Tisu
    In the present study, ANOVA using CRD was conducted which revealed significant differences among the selected plus trees for all characters studied. The highest GCV and PCV was observed as 29.19 and 31.31 respectively. The GCV is found to have lower magnitude than the PCV for all the traits. This implies that these traits are influenced by the local environmental factors. Heritability varied from 87% to 98%, the first 4 traits have high heritability values accompanied with high genetic advance which indicates strong additive gene action. High heritability but low genetic advance was observed in pulp thickness which indicate presence of non-additive gene effects and high environmental interaction. Themaximum inter-distance(4943.48) was found between cluster-3 and cluster-4. The minimum inter-cluster distance(501.93) was recorded between cluster-2 and cluster-4 indicating genetic closenesss. The maximum intra-cluster distance(164.21) was found in cluster-1 and the minimum was found in cluster-5 with an intra-cluster distance zero. The maximum intra-cluster distance shown by cluster 1 implies greater genetic diversity than other clusters. The 34 plus trees were grouped into five clusters through cluster analysis. Cluster 1 had a maximum number of CPTs with 26 genotyps, whereas the least number observed for cluster 5 with just 1 genotype. Clusters with only one plus tree can either possess superior or inferior quality among the plus trees. The clustering pattern indicates that plus trees from the same geographic sources were grouped into different clusters and vice-versa. PCA of the morphological characters revealed the first three components have the eigenvalues greater than one and cumulatively accounted for 94.8% of the total variation. The protocol of genomic DNA extraction by Swati et al. (2016) as described by Doyle and Doyle, (1987) was used in the present study.The concentration of genomic DNA from juvenile leaves of Melia dubia with absorbance ratio (A260/A280) ranged from 1.71 to 2.30. The highest average expected genetic diversity (h) (0.47) was obtained with primer C31 and lowest (0.35) with primer MAC69.The highest polymorphism (PIC) was reported with primer C31 (0.48) and lowest (0.35) with primer MAC69. The selected plus trees were amplifiedusing 15 SSR markers, of which 5 primers were found to be polymorphic. The UPGMA dendrogram was generated, which resulted in the formation of 8 clusters, where the biggest cluster was found in cluster 1 with 15 different genotypes. The genetic dissimilarity between pair-wise comparisons of the genotypes using NTSYS. The overall dissimilarity values among the selected plus trees ranged from 0.00 to 0.85. Though overall correlation between matrices was low (r=-0.04426, p=0.2212), both morphological and molecular dendogram clustered various progenies on least similar patterns.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of Genetic Diversity in TARO [Colocasia esculenta(L.) Schott]
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2012-12-31) Supriya Devi, Huidrom; Singh, Vikas; Singh, Barun
    The present investigation consisting of 40 diverse genotypes of Colocasia collected from various part of country was carried out during 2011-12 at vegetable Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block design with three replications in a plot size of 2.40 m x 2.25 m. the recommended spacing (60 cm x 40 cm) and package of practices were adapted uniformity to all the genotypes observations were recorded on five randomly tagged plants in each genotype on days to 50% emergence, pseudostem height (cm), number of days to maturity, number of corns per plant, weight of corn per plant (g), average weight of corn (g), number of cornels per plant, weight of cornel per plant (g) , average weight of cornel (g), dry matter content (%), starch content (%), total tuber yield per plant (g). The data collected over the genotypes and replications were analysed statistically for genotypic variance (02g). Phenotypic variance (O2p) phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability (broad sense). Genetic advance as percent of mean (GA), correlation coefficient, path coefficient and generic divergence. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance as percentages of mean were observed for the characters like weight of corn per plant averages weight of cornel, averages weight of corn, tuber yield per plant starch content, number of cornels per plant and weight of cornel per plant correlation studies revealed that tuber yield per plant had positive and significant correlation with number of leaves per plant, pseudostem girth, weight of corn per plant, psedudostem height, averages weight of corn, number of corns per plant number of suckers per plan, weight of cornel per plant, number of cornels per plant and number of days t maturity both at genotypic and phenotypic level suggested that selection based on these traits would ultimately improve the tuber yield per plant path coefficient analysis revealed that weight of corn per plant had maximum positive direct effect on tuber yield per plant followed by weight of cornel per plant at genotypic and phenotypic level. Mahalanobis D2 statistic indicated considerable diversity and all the 40 genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. The cluster I was the largest with20 genotypes followed by cluster III with 8 genotypes, cluster IV with 5 genotypes and cluster V with 4 genotypes. Remaining clusters viz, II,VI and VII were solitary. There was no relationship between II and VII, indicating maximum divergence among genotypes. The highest intra cluster distance was recorded for cluster V. Six characters viz. Starch content, weight of corn pr plant, days to 50% plant emergence, dry matter content, average weight of cornel and weight of cornel per plant were the chief character contributed towards diversity. Cluster means analysis and inter cluster distance suggested crosses can be made involving the selected dgenotype(s) under cluster II (CHFCOL-34),cluster VI (CHFCOL-36) and Cluster V (CHFCOL-2) with genotype under cluster VII (CHFCOL-4) to obtain high heterotic crosses and superior segregates. The genotypes viz, CHFCOL-1 (cluster III) and CHFCOL-4 (cluster VII) were found to be superior and are worth enough for advanced yield traits for future release.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of genetic variability through morphological traits and seed protein profiling in ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula (Roxb.)]
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2014-06-05) Khatoon, Uzma; Warade, S. D.; Singh, Vikas
    Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the attributes. The genotypes CHRG-10, CHFRG-22, CHFRG-28, and CHFRG-30 were found to be superior for the most of the yield components and fruit quality traits. High PCV and GCV, heritability, genetic gain were observed for vine length, number of node per vine, number of node to first pistilate flower appearance, pedicel length, fruit length, number of fruit per plant, and yield per plant. Correlation studies indicated that fruit yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with vine length, number of node per vine, crop duration, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruit per plant and average fruit weight. However, negative and significant association was established with days to first staminate flower anthesis and pistillate flower anthesis. Maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant was imposed by number of fruit per plant, vine length, average fruit weight, fruit length, days to first staminate flower anthesis, days to first pistilate flowerer anthesis and days to 50% emergence which were observed as the most important traits affecting fruit yield per plant. However, high negative direct effect was observed for number of node per vine, intermodal length and fruit diameter. Divergence study revealed that days to first staminate flower anthesis contributed maximum percent to diversity followed by number of fruits per plant, days to first fruit harvest, fruit length, fruit diameter and pedicel length. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and VI and indicated that the genotypes within these were highly divergent. SDS-PAGE analysis showed a total of 93 bands identified by silver staining. The genotypes exhibited considerable variation in protein band number ranging from 8-24. Among the genotypes CHFRG-11 showed maximum number (24) of protein bands while the minimum numbers (8) of bands were present in CHFSM-12.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Biometrical studies in chilli (Capsicum spp.) genotypes of North East India”
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat -791102, 2022-09-12) Teju, C M; Bhutia, Nangsol D; Sarma, P.
    In the present study, single descriptors such as, intermediate growth habit (65.71%), intermediate branching habit (54.29%), pale green leaf colour (42.86%), lanceolate leaf shape (40%), intermediate flower position (45.71%), white corolla colour (82.85%), calyx pigmentation (11.43%), elongate fruit shape (77.14%), pointed shape at blossom end of fruit (74.29%), smooth fruit surface (74.29%), green fruit colour at maturity (62.86%), red fruit colour at ripe stage (62.86%), absence of anthocyanin spots on fruit (71.43%) were observed more predominantly than remaining descriptors for each of the 14 morphological traits. Highest value for yield was recorded for CHFCG-30 (344.40 g) and CHFCG-19 was observed to have earliness among all the genotypes. The high GCV and PCV (>30%) values for fruit length, fruit width, fresh weight of fruit, dry weight, fresh to dry weight ratio of fruit, number of seeds per fruit and fruit yield indicated huge genetic variability among the genotypes. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance were observed in fruit width, fresh and dry weight of fruit, fresh to dry weight ratio, number of seeds per fruit which might be due to additive gene action. Correlation coefficient revealed that fruit yield per plant had significant positive correlation with fruit length, fruit width, fruit pedicel length, fresh weight, dry weight of fruit, number of seeds per fruit and 100 seed weight. Path coefficient analysis indicated maximum direct effect and significant positive association with fruit yield per plant through days to first fruiting, fruit length, fresh weight of fruit and number of seeds per fruit both genotypically and phenotypically. Among quantitative characters, fresh to dry weight ratio (51.60%), dry weight (21.68%), fruit width (9.24%) were the most contributing traits towards genetic diversity. Among biochemical parameters, capsanthin (52.10%) followed by ascorbic acid (19.83%), capsaicin (19.66%) contributed dominantly towards diversity. Six clusters based on quantitative traits were found wherein; Cluster V and Cluster VI had highest inter-cluster distance (13953.39). Cluster V had highest mean value for fruit yield per plant (344.40 g). Based on biochemical parameters, five clusters were recorded wherein, Cluster II and Cluster III had highest inter-cluster distance (137.93). Cluster II had highest values for TSS and ascorbic acid (5.97 0Brix, 251.95 mg/100g), Cluster IV had highest value for total chlorophyll (2.12 mg/g), Cluster V had highest value for capsaicin (2.09%), Cluster III had highest value for capsanthin (155.76 ASTA units). Overall, the genotypes exhibited abundant variability which can be exploited for further chilli crop improvement.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Carbon sequestration potential of Different land use System under East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2019-02-19) Mihriemate, Royal L.; Singh, Bikram; Mehra, T. S.
    The present investigation were carried out in Pasighat Forest Division of East Siang District (Aruanchal prdesh) . The experiment was laid out in split plot design using six land use system (T), three soil layers (L) and replicated thrice. The six landuse system were natural grassland (T1) natural forest (T2). The soil sample were collected from three depth of soil layers viz, 0-15 cm (L1). 15-30cm (L2) , 30-45cm (L3). The plot size of each landuse system was 50m x 10m except for natural grassland and agriculdture field where the plot size was 1m-1m quadrates. The plant attributet such as above ground biomass, below ground biomass and total biomass were determined while the soil attributes viz., bulk density, particle density, porosity, pH, organic carbon and organic matter were also determined and they were used to estimate the plant carbon stock soil carbon stock and total carbon stock..
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    Institutional PublicationsItemOpen Access
    CAU Library Manual
    (Directorate of Instruction, CAU, Imphal, 2018-06-15) Singh, Dr. Raj Kumar; Devi, Dr. Y. Ranjana; Singh, Dr. S. Basanta
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    : Characterization and Estimation of Nutritional and Anti nutritional Components of Underutilized Vegetables of North East India
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2022-04-26) Ramjan, Mohammad; Dev, C.; Sarma, P.
    Based on fruit morpholgical attributes, Canavellia gladiata recorded highest fruit length (25.54 ± 0.09 cm) followed by Leucaena leucocephala (12.07 ± 0.49 cm). The maximum fruit width (6.60 ± 0.22 cm) and weight (183.3 ± 2.05 g) was observed in Sechium edule. Based on leaf morphological attributes, Colocasia esculenta was recorded highest leaf size and weight under study. In case of nutritional composition, Solanum macrocarpum was found to be good source of total carbohydrates (9.54 ± 0.081 %), Riboflavin (81.19 ± 0.002 mg/ 100 g) and vitamin C (120.87 ± 0.125 mg/ 100 g). Momordicha cochinchinesis exhibited higher methionine (24.9 ± 0.046 µg/g), soluble protein (1.47 ± 0.054 g/100 g), crude protein (5.69 ± 0.249 %), Vitamin A (345.60 ± 0.023 mg/100 g), Vitamin B1 (0.08 ± 0.081), calcium (2.26 ± 0.205 %) and magnesium (1.30 ± 0.698 %). Momordicha muricata was recorded rich in cellulose content (262.33 ± 0.020 mg/100 g), total chlorophyll (10.51± 0.060 mg/ 100 g) and iron (10.67 ± 0.016 mg/ 100 g). Cyphomandra betacea was found good in reducing sugar (2.57± 0.014 %), total carotenoid (10.87 ± 0.040) and total flavonoid (75.19 ± 0.069 mg/100 g). Solanum indicum (45.94 ± 0.012 %) showed good source of anti oxidant activity. Whereas in case of leafy vegetable species, cellulose content (275.33 ± 0.101mg/ 100g), vitamin A (263.33 ± 0.005 mg/100 g) and antioxidant (59.57 ± 0.000 %) observed in Clerodendrum colebrookianum. Sauropus androgynus was found rich in total free amino acid (996.67 ± 0.052 mg/100 g), soluble protein (2.75 ± 0.062 g/100 g), thiamine (0.10 ± 0.011 mg/ 100 g), vitamin C (87.57 ± 0.266 mg/100 g) and total chlorophyll (71.34 ± 0.453 mg/ 100 g) where as Sida acuta was recorded rich in reducing sugar (1.95 ± 0.004 %) and calcium (2.80 ± 0.170 %) while, Colocasia esculenta was recorded maxiumum for starch (1231.1 ± 0.052 mg/ 100 g) and sodium (28.7 ± 0.67 ppm). Maximum radical scavenging activity content was observed in Clerodendrum colebrookianum (59.57 ± 0.00 %) followed by Hibiscus sabdariffa (55.65 ± 0.00 %). Based on Antinutrtional factors, Canavellia gladiata was recorded maximum phenols (507.22 ± 0.004 mg/ 100 g). Highest tannin (95.55 ± 0.052 mg/100 g) and cynogen (1.40 ± 0.001 mg/ 100 g) were observed in Cyphomandra betacea. Solanum torvum recorded highest phytic acid (5.62 ± 0.006 mg/100 g) and Momordicha muricata recorded higher total alkaloid (67.90 ± 0.005 mg/100 g). Based on leafy vegetable species, Eryngium foetidum was found highest for total phenol (733.33 ± 0.004 mg/ 100 g). Maximum tannins (97.57 ± 0.003 mg/ 100 g), phytic acid (5.23 ± 0.006 mg/ 100 g), cyanogen (2.00 ± 0.003 mg/ 100), oxalate (374.0 ± 0.993 mg/ 100 g) and alkaloid (75.18 ± 0.284 mg/100 g) were found in Houttuynia cordata, Spilanthes acmella, Diplazium esculentum, Colocasia esculenta and Solanum spirale respectively. The result indicated that all the fruit vegetable and leafy vegetable species possessed varying in nutritional and antinutritional compositions
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    Institutional PublicationsItemOpen Access
    CHF NEWSLETTER
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2018-06-30) HAZARIKA, B. N.; PHURLIATPAM, ARUN; DAM, RIPON
    CHF organised workshop “Agrarian Crisis and Socio-Economic Issues among Rural Tribal Youth in North-East Hill Region of India” While inaugurating the workshop Hon’ble Chancellor, Dr. S. Ayyappan said that the present education system has awarded only degrees to young student with no skill. Still, he said that he was happy to see such dramatic change in CHF Pasighat in the past five years since his earlier visit. He said that we should change the future of migration of which unemployment is the largest factor. The national unemployment rate for youth is 35% whereas it is 43% for the NE. He opined that migration is a socio-economic malady in the country (as well as the world over) that the present educationists and scientists should address and that we should never forget our roots. Migration causes an exodus of the young where only 5% return to their villages in the nation. He addressed the gathering that we should work tirelessly to solve this problem.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Distribution mapping and characterization of fruit parameters of Phoebe cooperianaU.N Kanjilal ex A. Das in Arunachal Pradesh
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2019-03-01) Dolley, Narang; Lyngdoh, Nicolee; Tayeng, Tisu
    A study was carried out during 2016-18 to map the distribution pattern and to characterize the variation of fruit parameters of Phoebe cooperiana, an economically important fruit yielding tree of Arunachal Pradesh, India.Primary data points were used to generate distribution map of the species by employing ecological niche modeling (ENM) based Maxent and Diva-GIS software’s.Variations in morphological characters and(anti-)nutritional compositions wereanalyzedfor the fruits from 14 different sites across the state. A total of twenty nine fruit parameters were studied which included nine morphological, fifteen nutritional, four anti-nutritional and one anti oxidizing property. The experiment was carried out inCRD(Completely Randomized Design) with four replications for morphological characters and three replications for biochemical parameters. Data were subjected to ANOVA,correlation studies,PCA(principal component analysis) and CA(clustering analysis). Potential distribution areas were distributed across the state in patches forming concentric rings. Areas of high suitability index were found at the center and suitability index decreasesoutwards thus forming an “abundant center” in the middle.A total area of 13,433 km2was indicated to be suitable niche for the species across the state. The area with highly suitability index accounted for 1563 km2, moderate suitability class covered about 4226 km2and area under low suitability class at the outer periphery covered the area of 7644 km2. Mean value for various morphological traits were found to be as follows; fruit weight (9.39 ± 0.23 g), fruit length (34.07 ± 0.45 mm), fruit diameter (23.79 ± 0.35 mm), seed weight(3.73 ± 0.10 g), seed length (15.73 ± 0.28 mm), seed diameter (13.86 ± 0.24 mm), pulp weight (5.65 ± 0.15 g), pulp thickness (8.93 ± 0.16 mm) and pulp-fruit ratio (0.60 ± 0.01). Mean values for (anti-)nutritional composition wereas follows; total carbohydrate(6.84 ± 0.09 %), reducing sugar(1.59 ± 0.03 g/100g), starch (37.76 ± 0.52 mg/100g), cellulose (9.40 ± 0.15 mg/100g),pectin (2.10 ± 0.03 %.), crude fiber (8.7 ± 0.12 %),free fatty acid (12.70 ± 0.21 mg KOH/g),crude protein (8.00 ± 0.11 %),total free amino acid (5.71 ± 0.08 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (2.46 ± 0.04 mg/100g), vitamin E (5.82 ± 0.03 mg/100g), vitamin A (2.35 mg/100g), total chlorophyll (15.09 ± 0.24 mg/100g),chlorophyll a (7.08 ± 0.13 mg/100g), chlorophyll b (7.31 ± 0.11 mg/100g), cyanogen (32.73 ± 0.47 mg/100g),phytic acid (10.67 ± 0.19 mg/100g),phenols (22.19 ± 0.33 mg/g), tannin (165.04 ± 3.00 mg/100g) and DPPH radical-scavenging activity(56.94 ± 0.96 %). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the sites for all the characters studied.Correlationstudy revealed that fruit weight had significant positive association with most of morphological characters and starch content. Higher edible portion can be obtained from larger fruits with smaller seed size.Fruits from lower altitude sites hadhigher pulp-fruits ratio and reducing sugar while, sites from western part of state had higher seed weight and seed diameter.The combined principal component analysis for morphological and biochemical characters showed that fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length and chlorophyll contributedhighest to the variation. Clustering showed that the sitesJia, Aalo, Baririjo, Daporijo, Sagalee and Yazali to be most distantly related to each other and also high desirable characters were observed in these sites. So, these sites can be targeted for future improvement programme and domestication trials of the species.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Drought stress in strawberry – Studies on physiological and biochemical attributes”
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2019-11-30) Thhokchom, Amrita; Hazarika, B.N.; Wangchu, L.
    The interaction effect of Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and varieties were evaluated to study the changes in the growth, chlorophyll contents, oxidative damage and anti-oxidant capacity of strawberry under drought. This experiment was undertaken to understand the mechanism of drought in Strawberry when subjected to limited water, which is often a formidable concern in North-eastern region where rainfall is the only chief source of irrigation. In this experiment, three varieties of strawberry i.e. Camarosa, Festival and Winterdawn were grown in sand and coco-peat culture for 30 days to establish fully after planting and thereafter three levels of PEG viz. 0%, 20% and 40% were incorporated twice a week until 15 days to instigate drought stress and later uprooted for further analysis. The result from this experiment indicated a negative impact on the morpho-physiological parameters due to the treatments. Shoot and root length, fresh weight and dry matter content of shoots and roots and relative water content (RWC) were significantly reduced when examined after 15 days of the treatments imposed. Chlorophyll and total soluble protein content were also declined with respect to the increase level of PEG and different varietal characters. The inhibition was more pronounced in 40% PEG and Festival variety among the PEG levels and varieties and the least declined was observed in Camarosa followed by Winterdawn at 0% PEG, showing better tolerance on considering the morpho-physiological parameters. Lipid peroxidation and increased ROS activity viz. hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2.-) and hydroxyl free radical (-OH) were resulted from the treatment with more accumulation in Festival, revealing that this variety is most sensitive towards drought stress than Camarosa and Winterdawn. Proline content increases when the plants are subjected to the treatment combination of PEG and varieties. The increase was more notable in Camarosa followed by Winterdawn at 0% PEG and the least in Festival at 40% PEG, indicating that higher concentration of proline in Camarosa may ascribe to its ability to tolerate drought. The result also indicated a heightened anti-oxidant (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) activity under progressive drought in all the varieties after 15 days of exposure to the treatments. Among the varieties, Camarosa exhibited the prominent anti-oxidant activity at the proximity of the drought i.e. 40% and the lowest was recorded in Festival. The relatively low level of anti-oxidant activity in Festival contemplates their low level of tolerance against drought that justifies their high level of ROS production and major decline in their morpho-physiological attributes. Therefore, on account of the ability of the strawberry varieties to tolerate drought by the anti-oxidative defence system, it can be concluded from this experiment that Camarosa followed by Winterdawn exhibited better tolerance against drought while Festival exhibited comparatively low tolerance to water stress.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of bio-fertilizer on growth and yield of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] var. Kashi Kanchan under foot hills of Arunachal Pradesh.
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2015-11-17) Nadeem, Mohammad Arshad; Singh, Vikas; Singh, Barun.
    The present investigation was carried out during zaid in 2014 at the Experimental Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with 12 treatments, three levels of P (0, 20 and 40kg/ha) and four levels of bio-fertilizer (Control, Rhizobium @ 10ml/ kg seed, PSB @ 10ml/ kg seed and Rhizobium + PSB each @ 10ml/ kg seed) with three replications. The uniform doses of N and K @ 20 kg/ha along with 10 t/ha FYM were applied to all the treatments. Main effect of phosphorus, bio-fertilizer and their interaction effects were studied for days to 50% germination, days to 1st flowering, plant height, number of leaf per plant, leaf area index(LAI), stem girth, number of branches per plant, root length, number of nodules per plant, total dry matter production, pod yield, physio-chemical properties of soil (pH, , available N, P, K and organic carbon) before sowing and after harvesting and uptake of N, P, and K by plant. In the main effect of phosphorus, treatment P40 (20 : 40 : 20 kg NPK/ha + 10 t/ha FYM) showed the significantly superior performance with respect to almost all the growth parameters, yield, available soil nutrient and nutrient uptake by plant, except days to 50% germination, days to 1st flowering, plant height (at 15 and 30 DAS), number of leaves (at all the stages) and stem girth (at 30 DAS). Among the bio-fertilizers, the effect of B3 (inoculation of seed with Rhizobium + PSB along with application of 20 kg N, 20 kg K2O and 10 FYM/ha.) was found significantly superior for all the growth parameters, yield, available soil nutrient and nutrient uptake by plant, except days to 50% germination, days to 1st flowering, plant height (at 15 and 30 DAS), number of leaves (at all the stages), stem girth (at 30 DAS) and number of branches per plant (at 45 DAS). In interaction effect, P40B3 (inoculation of seed with Rhizobium + PSB along with application of 20 : 40 : 20 kg NPK/ha + 10 t/ha FYM) proved to be superior for all the growth parameters at later stages (45th and/or 60th DAS) of crop growth, while it was statistically at par with treatment P20B3 (inoculation of seed with Rhizobium + PSB along with application of 20 : 20 : 20 kg NPK/ha + 10 t/ha FYM) in most of the growth parameters. The treatment combination, P40B3 also recorded significantly higher green pod yield (196.4 g/plant, 10.64kg/plot and 120.90 q/ha) including available soil nutrient status viz., pH (6.20), N (370.89 kg/ha), P (38.57 kg/ha), K (168.77 kg/ha) and organic carbon (2.8%) and NPK uptake by plant after harvesting. Hence, the treatment P40B3 (application of 20 : 40 : 20 kg NPK/ha + 10 t/ha FYM along with inoculation of seed with Rhizobium + PSB) was considered the best treatment among the other treatments with respect to growth and yield parameters along with physio-chemical properties of soil and nutrient uptake by plant in cowpea variety Kashi Kanchan.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Biofertilizers and Plant Growth Stimulator on Seed Germination and Early Development in Citrus cv. Rangpur Lime under Hydroponic Condition
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2020-08-05) Nasratullah, Nasratullah; Singh, Romen; Wangchu, L.
    This investigation was carried out to study the “Effect of Biofertilizers and Plant Growth Stimulator on Seed Germination and Early Development in Citrus cv. Rangpur Limeunder Hydroponic Condition during the year 2019-2020. The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) comprising of three (3) replications and eight (8) treatments. All biofertilizers and growth stimulator gave promising results compared to control. Minimum fungal incidence was observed in Trichoderma viride (T4) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (T1) in which fungal incidence was (0.08%), maximum seed germination percentage was recorded in the treatments of mycorrhiza (T2) and Trichodermaviride combined with Humicil (T7) that was recorded (86.67%), maximum plant height (15.67 cm), seedling girth (1.43 mm), tap root length (22.00 cm) and number of lateral roots (29.67/plant) wassignificantly recordedin the treatment ofTrichoderma viridethat was applied alone(T4).Highest number of leaves per plant was recorded in (Trichoderma viride + Humicil) (T7) (6.33). The highest chlorophyll content among the treatments was recorded in the treatment of mycorrhiza (T2) as the Chlorophyll a (1.73mg/g), Chlorophyll b (1.10mg/g) and total chlorophyll (2.83 mg/g). The highest (98.67%) survival percentage of seedlings was recorded in the treatment of alone applicationof Humicil (T3). Significant improvement of macronutrients was recorded as following; highest nitrogenwas recorded in Pseudomonas fluorescens (T1) (2.321%), phosphorus was recorded in the treatment of Mycorrhiza combined with Humicil (T6) (0.183%),potassium was recorded inTrichoderma viride (3.185%) followed significantly by mycorrhiza (T2) with respect to (NPK) as (1.999%), (0.165%) and (3.170%). The lowest data among the treatments was taken from control as in the following parameters, fungal infection (14.44%), seed germination (72.20%), plant height(13.00 cm), number of leaves (4.10), seedling girth (1.10mm), tap root length (14.67cm), number of lateral roots(17.33), chlorophyll a (0.84mg/g), chlorophyll b (0.68 mg/g), total chlorophyll content (1.50mg/g), survival of seedlings (70.77%)respectively
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of biofertilizers on growth, quality, yield and shelf life of Guava (Psidium guajava. L) cv. L-49.
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2022-02-04) Debbarma, Monalisa; Hazarika, B.N.; Wangchu, L.
    The treatment T8 (1/2 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g + Azospirillum 100 g + VAM 100 g) was found significantly increased vegetative growth parameters including plant height (2.97m), plant girth (34.01 cm), canopy spread (N-S) (2.90 m) E-W (2.92) followed by T9 (1/4 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g + Azospirillum 100 g + PSB 100 g + VAM 100 g). Yield and yield attributing parameters such as no. of fruiting branches (26.40), No. of fruits per branch (8.60), Fruit set (59.43%) and yield (57.53 kg/plant) were recorded with T8 (1/2 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g + Azospirillum 100 g + VAM 100 g). Days to first flowering (28.73 days), fruit retention (59.76%) was maximum with T9 (1/4 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g + Azospirillum 100 g + PSB 100 g + VAM 100 g). Physical parameters fruit length (8.06 cm), fruit volume (206.6 cc) and fruit weight (195.00 g) were highest with T8 (1/2 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g + Azospirillum 100 g + VAM 100 g) and fruit length (8.20 cm) was found highest with T9 (1/4 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g+ Azospirillum 100 g + PSB 100 g+ VAM 100 g) as compared to control (5.58cm). Fruit quality parameters like TSS, Total sugar, non-reducing sugar, ascorbic acidity found maximum with T8(1/2 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g+ Azospirillum 100 g+ VAM 100 g). Titratable acidity and shelf life found non-significant. In soil physico-chemical properties available nitrogen, available potassium, available organic carbon was recorded with T8 (1/2 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g + Azospirillum 100 g + VAM 100 g). Soil phosphorus was recorded with T9 (1/4 RDF + Azotobacter 100 g+ Azospirillum 100 g + PSB 100 g + VAM 100 g) and there was no significant effect on soil PH and Soil EC. From the results of the present research, it can be concluded that, treatment, T8 i.e., ½ RDF + Azotobacter 100 g + Azospirilum 100 g + VAM 100 g was the most effective treatment for improving growth, quality, yield and shelf life of guava cv. L-49 followed by ¼ RDF+ Azotobacter 100 g + Azpspirillum 100 g + PSB 100 g + VAM 100 g under Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    : Effect of different levels of drip irrigation on growth, yield and quality of red cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L. var. capitata f. rubra) under mulch and non-mulch condition
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2022-01-05) Yadav, Shweta; Sarma, P.; Hazarika, B.N.
    The treatments consist of drip irrigation at 100%, 80%, 60% CPE and hand irrigation each with and without mulch (polyethylene) condition. The detail of treatments were T1 (control), T2 (100% CPE with drip irrigation), T3 (80% CPE with drip irrigation), T4 (60% CPE with drip irrigation), T5 (100% CPE with drip irrigation under mulch), T6 (80% CPE with drip irrigation under mulch), T7 (60% CPE with drip irrigation under mulch) and T8 (hand irrigation under mulch). From the present investigation it was found that the red cabbage plants irrigated at 100% CPE with drip irrigation under mulch recorded maximum growth attributes i.e. plant height (37.60 cm), plant spread (North-South and East-west) (72.93 and 72.13 cm, respectively), number of wrapper leaves (56.67) and least days to 50% head maturity (102.67). Further, the head yield and yield related attributes i.e. circumference (43.25 cm), polar diameter (14.39 cm), equatorial diameter (16.47 cm), net of weight head (1.25 kg) and yield (42.18 t/ha) were also noted higher in treatment T5. Water use efficiency (WUE) was significantly influenced by different irrigation regimes. Treatment T7 (60% CPE with drip irrigation under mulch) reported maximum WUE (5.35 t/ha mm) which was at par with T6 and T4 while treatment with full irrigation recorded minimum WUE. Drip irrigation regimes significantly influenced the quality attributes of red cabbage. Treatments with least application of irrigation water (T1) reported the highest TSS (10.27 ºB), ascorbic acid content (102.33 mg/100g), total carbohydrates (3.30 g/100g) and anthocyanin (23.66 mg/100g) content while total protein content synchronously increased with decreased levels of irrigation and the maximum total protein content (2.84 g/100g) was reported from T4 (60% CPE with drip irrigation) which was at par with T5 and T8. Thus, treatment T5 (100% CPE with drip irrigation under mulch) may be recommended for better growth and yield of red cabbage under protected condition
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Different PGR Combinations and Urea on Pre- harvest Fruit Drop, Yield and Quality of Assam Lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.]
    (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2018-06-21) Devi Senjam, Bidyarani; Singh, S. Romen; Hazarika, B.N.
    The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of different plant growth regulators (PGR) and urea on Assam Lemon. It was carried out on 7 years old trees of uniform size at the Fruit Research Farm, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh during the Winter and Summer seasons of the year 2017. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 9 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments applied were: T1 (NAA @ 10 ppm + 1% urea), T2 (2,4-D @ 10 ppm + 1% urea), T3 (NAA @ 20 ppm + 1% urea), T4 (2,4-D @ 20 ppm + 1% urea), T5 (NAA @ 10 ppm + 2,4-D @ 10 ppm + 1% urea), T6 (NAA @ 20 ppm + 2,4-D @ 20 ppm + 1% urea), T7 (NAA @ 10 ppm + 2,4-D @ 10 ppm), T8 (NAA @ 20 ppm + 2,4-D @ 20 ppm) and T9 (Control). Experimental results revealed that the imposition of different treatments had a significant effect on reducing fruit drop and improving the yield and quality of the fruits. Maximum number of fruits/plant at harvesting stage (67.60), yield/plant (8.29 kg), fruit length (8.84 cm), fruit diameter (5.36 cm), fruit fresh weight (118.68 g/fruit), pulp content (81.58 g/fruit), juice content (40.47 ml/fruit), reducing sugar (0.51%), ascorbic acid (48.56 mg/100 g) with minimum fruit drop (13.91%) was recorded by treatment T6 (NAA @ 20 ppm + 2,4-D @ 20 ppm + 1% urea) whereas, maximum TSS (9.880B), total sugar (1.66%) with minimum titratable acidity (3.10%) was recorded by treatment T5 (NAA @ 10 ppm + 2,4-D @ 10 ppm + 1% urea). However, non-significant effect was found in plant height, canopy spread and shelf life parameters. Therefore, application of recommended dose of fertilizers (100:100:100g NPK/plant/year) along with foliar spray of NAA @ 20 ppm + 2,4-D @ 20 ppm + 1% urea twice (two weeks after fruit setting and fully developed stage) can be recommended to the Assam Lemon growers to increase the yield and productivity.