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Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda
Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda has been established as a full-fledged State University, having unique honour of being the “First Agricultural University of Bundelkhand Region”. The University was notified vide Government Order No. 301/79-V-1-10-1 (Ka) 27-2009 Lucknow and established on 2nd March 2010 under Uttar Pradesh Agriculture University Act (Sanshodhan) 1958 Gazette-Adhiniyam 2010. Initially it was named as “Manyawar Shri Kanshiram Ji University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda”, which was changed as “Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda” vide Uttar Pradesh Agriculture University Act (Sanshodhan) Adhiniyam, 2014, No. 1528(2)/LXXIX-V-1-14-1(Ka)-13-2014 dated 4th December 2014.
The University has been established for the development of the agriculture and allied sectors in the Uttar Pradesh on the whole and Bundelkhand region in particular. It is committed to serve the Bundelkhand region with trinity concept, i.e. complete integration of teaching, research and extension for the development of agriculture and allied sectors in order to ensure food security and enhance socio-economic status of inhabitants. State Government of Uttar Pradesh has assigned the University with the responsibilities of (a) human resource generation and development, (b) generation and perfection of technologies, and (c) their dissemination to the farmers, orchardists and dairy farmers in the Chitrakoot Dham and Jhansi divisions. The Chirtrkoot Dham Division consists of four districts, namely Banda, Chitrakoot (Karvi), Mahoba and Hamirpur whereas Jhansi Division consists of Jhansi, Lalitpur and Jalaun (Orai) districts.
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ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF COMPATIBILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF SOME NEMATODE-TRAPPING FUNGI TO COMMON FUNGICIDES(BANDA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BANDA-210001, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA, 2023-08-09) ALI KHAN; Dharmendra KumarNematode-trapping fungi are potential bio control agent of the plant parasitic nematode. The management of plant parasitic nematode are completely relied on chemicals which are toxic to the environment and human health. Therefore, introduction of bioagents in agriculture system is important, provided the introduced bio-agent are compatible with chemicals fungicides. In present investigation, four species of nematode trapping fungi were isolated and their nematophagous potential against Meloidogyne incognita and their compatibility against ten common fungicides were tested. All the nematode-trapping fungi were found potential against Meloidogyne incognita which captured and killed the J2 between 60 to 75% on 5th days of nematode inoculation. Compatibility test of nematodetrapping fungi with common 10 fungicides indicate that all nematode-trapping fungi were found most toxic to Propiconazole and Hexaconazole followed by mancozeb, carbendazim, propineb and metalaxyl. These fungi were found tolerant to Sulphur and copper oxychloride even at 200 ppm. The spores of nematode-trapping fungi were found tolerant to toxic effect of fungicides in comparison to the mycelial growth of nematode trapping fungi. The spores of these fungi were found tolerant up to 10 ppm of mancozeb, chlorothalonil and Propiconazole but completely inhibited at 25 ppm concentration. All the nematode-trapping fungi there found tolerant to Hexaconazole and carbendazim up to 25 ppm but completely killed at 50 ppm concentration. Propineb kill the spore germination of all the nematode trapping fungi between 25-75 ppm The spore of nematode-trapping fungi was found tolerant to copper oxychloride and Sulphur up to 300 ppm but completely killed at 400 ppm concentration. The study indicate that nematode-trapping fungi are sensitive to range of chemicals at different concentration but spores of these fungi are more tolerant in compression to the mycelium of these fungi. Nematode-trapping fungi used in this study could be integrated with some fungicides (Sulphur and Copper oxychloride) in the IPM programme of Integrated pest management.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF BEGOMOVIRUSES CAUSING YELLOW MOSAIC DISEASE IN DIFFERENT HOST PLANTS(Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda- 210001, 2023-08-21) SHRI KANT RAWAT; H. S. NegiThe present investigation entitled “Characterization of Begomoviruses Causing Yellow Mosaic Disease in Different Host Plants” was carried out in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, UP during 2021- 2023. Disease survey was conducted in legumes and cucurbits growing villages of Banda district in Uttar Pradesh, in which, the incidence of yellow mosaic disease in leguminous hosts ranged from 23.50- 54.23%, 22.11-41.58%, 10.42- 50.45%, 18.36- 40.76%, 10.98- 23.50% and 22.78- 45.95% in mungbean, urdbean, pigeon pea, cowpea, Dolichos bean and French bean, respectively. Maximum mean disease incidence was recorded in mungbean (38.66%) followed by French bean (35.01%), urdbean (31.87%), pigeon pea (30.74%), cowpea (28.19%) and Dolichos bean (19.01%). YMD incidence in sponge gourd, pumpkin, cucumber and bitter guard ranged from 25.75- 44.27%, 18.58- 39.06%, 17.67- 33.47% and 22.0- 37.83%, respectively. Maximum mean disease incidence was recorded in sponge gourd (33.88%) followed by bitter gourd (28.99%), pumpkin (28.42%) and cucumber (24.95%). Yellow mosaic disease was characterized on fifteen different host plants which included six legumes, four cucurbits and five weed hosts on the basis of various symptoms viz., yellow mosaic, mottling, leaf curling, vein clearing, vein banding, puckering, chlorosis, malformation, reduced growth etc. PCR products of 13 out of 16 samples showed positive amplification with MYMIV DNA-A CP primer only whereas no amplification was reported with DNA-A CP of MYMV, HgYMV and DoYMV. BLAST analysis of 13 MYMIV sequences resulted that eight sequences from mungbean, moth bean, urdbean, cowpea, sponge gourd, French bean, bitter gourd and wild kakdi showed homology with the MYMIV strains.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON PHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis CAUSING WILT OF LENTIL”(BANDA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BANDA-210001, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA, 2023-08-19) POOJA YADAV; Vivek SinghLentil (Lens esculenta) is one of the most important pulse crops of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. Wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis is one of the major constraints in production of lentil in this region which causes up to 50 % yield loss. To minimize the yield loss caused by this disease the studies were conducted on the topic of “Studies on Physiology and Management of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis causing wilt of lentil” Management of Fusarium wilt of lentil is not possible by a single method of plant disease management. Integrated disease management (integration of bioagents and fungicides) is gaining much importance. Therefore, keeping in view, the above facts following experiments were conducted. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of different pH (4.5-9.0) and temperature (5-350C) on colony growth of pathogen and effect of media on colony growth and sporulation of pathogen. The pH (6.0) and temperature (300C) were found best for mycelial growth of pathogen 75.86mm and 90mm respectively. The lentil seed extract Agar Medium found best for mycelial growth (80mm) and V8 juice medium found best for sporulation (22.9x105 spores/ml). Indigenous fungal and bacterial bio-agents were tested in vitro for their efficacy against pathogen. Among six native fungal antagonists, T. harzianum (TH-2) was found highly effective against the pathogen, which inhibited maximum mycelia growth (69.79%) of the pathogen followed by T. harzianum (TH-5) which caused 65.62% inhibition in mycelia growth of pathogen. Among bacterial antagonists P. fluorescens showed maximum (54.37%) inhibition in mycelial growth of pathogen followed by B. subtilis (46.04%). The compatibility of potential bio-agents was also tested through dual culture technique in which P. fluorescens was found compatible to T. harzianum (TH-2) and Trichoderma asperelloides (TA-1) without any inhibition of mycelial growth. Another experiment was conducted to select the fungicide which was effective against pathogen and compatible with bioagents.ThesisItem Open Access EXPLORATION OF NEMATOPHAGOUS AND MYCOPARASITIC POTENTIAL OF NATIVE STRAINS OF NEMATODE TRAPPING FUNGI OF BUNDELKHAND REGION AGAINST SOME PLANT PATHOGENS(BANDA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BANDA-210001, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA, 2023-08-09) ABHAY PRATAP SINGH; Dharmendra KumarThesisItem Open Access GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF OYSTER MUSHROOM (Pleurotus sajor-caju) ON DIFFERENT MEDIA AND SUBSTRATES(BANDA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BANDA- 210001, Uttar Pradesh (INDIA), 2023-08-09) Anchal Singh; Virendra Kumar SinghThe present study on the topic “Growth and yield performance of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) on different media and substrates” were carried out at Mushroom Research and Training Centre, Department of Plant Pathology, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh during the September, 2022 to March 2023. Pleurotus sajor-caju (Pl-19 and Pl-202– 201 strain) was used for spawn production. Maize grain was best for spawn production among the wheat grain, maize grain, sorghum grain and pearl millet grain. Maize grain supported for the fastest mycelial growth (11.95mm) followed by sorghum (9.43mm), pearl millet (7.67mm) and wheat (6.01mm) in PL-19 strain. However, sorghum grain was found best for fastest mycelial growth (12.43) followed by pearl millet grain (10.87), maize grain (8.39) and wheat grain (7.93) in Pl-202– 201. Thirteen different types straw was taken for mushroom production such as ragi straw, black gram straw, pearl millet straw, pigeon pea straw, chickpea straw, sorghum straw, sesame straw, maize straw, paddy straw, mustard straw, green gram straw, cowpea straw and wheat straw. But mustard straw supported the fastest mycelial run, pinhead formation, pinhead initiation and first harvesting followed by wheat straw and chickpea straw both the substrates was statistically at par in terms of growth and yield. Seven different media such as corn meal agar, oat meal agar, potato dextrose agar, yeast extract mannitol agar, malt extract mannitol agar, V8-juice agar and Czapek’s dox agar were used for the mycelial growth of Pleurotus sajor-caju in which oat meal agar was found best media followed by yeast extract mannitol agar and Czapek’s Dox agar in both Pl-19 and Pl-202-201. Six different pH were used such as 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0 in which pH 6.0 was best for mycelia growth.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on soil adaptability and bio-control potential of Drechslerella brochopaga and Arthrobotrys musiformis against Meloidogyne incognita on brinjal (Solanum melongena L).(Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda-210001, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2022-09-08) Krishan, Radha; Kumar, DharmendraDrechslerella brochopaga and Arthrobotrys musiformis were isolated from the soil of the Banda district and characterized by using the relevant literatures. Drechslerella brochopaga and Arthrobotrys musiformis were found to capture and kill the nematodes by using constricting ring and adhesive network respectively. These fungi were tested for the ideal source of the substrate/ media for the growth and sporulation for. The best growth and sporulation of Drechslerella brochopaga was found on mung bean agar media and corn meal agar respectively. The best growth and sporulation of Arthrobotrys musiformis was noted on Lentil grain Agar medium followed by mix bran agar medium. The poor growth and sporulation of Arthrobotrys musiformis was noted on mung bean grain agar medium. Minimum growth and sporulation of Drechslerella brochopaga was found on mix bran agar and Lentil grain Agar medium respectively. Interaction of Arthrobotrys musiformis and Drechslerella brochopaga with M. incognita resulted in the formation of traps that subsequently capture and kill the M. incognita. Maximum trap formation (25.53) and trapping of M. incognita (J2) were observed in Drechslerella brochopaga (98.83) followed by Arthrobotrys musiformis. Drechslerella brochopaga and Arthrobotrys musiformis were tested for their adoptability in soil of Banda district. Drechslerella brochopaga showed inhibitory effect of soil fungi stasis on germination (6.91-36.49% (but formed frequent conidial trap in vicinity of soil (57.95-87.57%). Arthrobotrys musiformis was generated by germ tube (75.92- 97.39 %) and no conidial trap formation was observed. Trapping of soil nematodes was also observed by the conidial trap of Drechslerella brochopaga. Bio efficacy test of Arthrobotrys musiformis and Drechslerella brochopaga in root-knot infested soil resulted in the reduction of number of root-knot (68.85%) and M. incognita (J2) by Drechslerella brochopaga. Arthrobotrys musiformis reduced only 38.99% reduction in the number of root-knot and 50.76% reduction in M. incognita (J2). The result of research carried out under the thesis indicates that Drechslerella brochopaga and Arthrobotrys musiformis were potential nematode-trappers and well adoptive in soil of Banda. However, the D. brochcopaga is more effective biocontrol agent because of its conidial trap forming ability, nematode-trapping ability and excellent bio-efficacy against M. incognita.ThesisItem Open Access Characterization and Management of Ascochyta rabiei causing Ascochyta blight of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)(BANDA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE & TECHNOLOGY, BANDA, U.P., 2022-09-08) Upadhyay, Utkarsh; Kumar Singh, VirendraThe present investigations entitled “Characterization and Management of Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. causing Ascochyta blight of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)” was carried out in Department of plant pathology ,College of Agriculture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda during 2020-22. Chickpea [Cicer arietinum (L.)] is an important winter legume crop of the world. In India, Chickpea is cultivated in rabi (Nov.-Feb) season mainly. This crop is cultivated widely in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. Chickpea is rich source of Protein and vitamins. It contains more than 90% of Mallic acid. This crop is affected by several biotic constraints like diseases, insect-pests hindering its production. Among the diffrent diseases, Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei is one of the most important fungal diseases of Chickpea. Ascochyta blight appears during cool and moist weather leading to blighting, girdling and death of plants which causes low yield. Keeping the view of severity of disease, experiments were conducted for isolation and identification of pathogen and to find out the efficient management strategies for this disease. Disease survey was conducted in Banda, Hamirpur, Chitrakoot, and Mahoba districts of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. Average percent disease index (PDI) was recorded highest in Mahoba district (17.50%), followed by Chitrakoot district (17.05%) and Banda district (16.67%) whereas, the least PDI of Ascochyta blight was found in Hamirpur district (15.82%) of Uttar Pradesh. The PDI of Ascochyta blight of chickpea ranged between 15.82 to 17.50 percent. The colony of isolated pathogen Ascochyta rabiei on potato dextrose agar medium was appeared light brown to blackish grey , submerged. The mycelium of Ascochyta rabiei was creamy white initially, and turned greyish black colour in advanced stage. The hypha was septate and hyaline to brown in colour. The conidia measuring 8-10 x 4-4.5μm were oval to oblong ,hyaline, single celled and slightly curved at one or both ends,. The healthy plants inoculated with pathogen showed small grey patches on the leaves, stems, or pods and gradually movements toward brown lesions with dark margins. Further, Mycelial growth of Ascochyta rabiei was evaluated on four different media i.e. Oat meal agar, Malt extract agar, Potato dextrose agar and V8 juice agar. The maximum mycelial growth was found to be on Oat meal agar medium followed by malt extract agar and the least growth was found to be on V8 juice agar. The fungicide efficacy data indicated that twice sprays of Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG @500g at the appearance of symptoms and 15 days interval gave maximum per cent disease reduction i.e. (63.86%) and least disease severity i.e., 11.31% respectively along with Significant enhancement i.e. (54.81%) in seed yield (quintal/ha) as well as in yield components over the unprotected crop during the crop seasons i.e. Rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22. It was followed by the twice sprays of Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG @400g. Overall, it can be concluded that Ascochyta rabiei found emerging disease in this region and for the isolation of the fungus on oat meal agar media may be better media for the growth. The twice sprays of Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG @ 500g at the appearance could be better option to manage the disease effectively. Further, the results may be validated in long term experiments and farmer field trials in different ecologies.ThesisItem Open Access “Studies on physiology and chemical management of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn causing sheath blight in rice (Oryza sativa L.)”(Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, 2022-09-07) Kumar, Amit; Negi, H. S.The present investigation entitled “Studies on physiology and chemical management of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn causing sheath blight in rice (Oryza sativa L.)” was carried out in the Department of Plant Pathology, CoA, BUAT Banda, UP during 2020-2022. Among the eight different culture media, Malt extract agar, Potato dextrose agar, Potato dextrose rose bengal agar and Oat meal agar media resulted in complete mycelial growth (90 mm) of R. solani after 48 hrs of inoculation. Colony colour of the culture ranged as whitish brown, light brown and pinkish white. Abundant growth pattern and fast growth rate was observed in PDA, MEA and PDRBA media. Sclerotia formation of R. solani initiated in 3 days on PDA, MEA and PDRBA media. Highest number of sclerotia formation was recorded in MEA (128.66) followed by PDA (107.0) and both were at par. Heaviest weight of sclerotium was recorded in OMA medium (10.45 mg) whereas, maximum sclerotial size was recorded in PDA (1.46 mm) followed by PDRBA media (1.25 mm) and were statistically at par. Among the seven different levels of temperatures, maximum average mycelial growth of fungi was found at 300C (80.40 mm) followed by 250C (68.87 mm) whereas, no mycelial growth was observed at temperature 100C and 400C. Complete mycelial growth (90 mm) of R. solani was recorded after 48 hrs of incubation at 300C only. Culture colony was whitish brown at 25 and 300C whereas, light brown at 15, 20 and 350C. Growth pattern of the R. solani was abundant at 300C and fast growth rate was observed at 25 and 300C Sclerotia formation was initiated in 3 days at 25 and 300C and no sclerotia were formed at 10 and 400C. Maximum number of sclerotia were formed at 350C (112.33) followed by 150C and 300C with 98.67 and 98.33 sclerotia, respectively and was statistically at par. Heaviest weight and maximum size of sclerotium was recorded at 250C (7.17 mg and 1.83 mm) followed by 300C (5.07 mg and 1.25 mm), respectively. Among six different pH levels, the maximum average mycelial growth of fungi was recorded at pH 7.0 (66.67 mm) followed by pH 6.0 (64.08 mm) and pH 8.0 (62.42 mm). Complete mycelial growth after 96 hrs of incubation was recorded at pH 7.0 only. Whitish brown colony was formed at pH 4.0 whereas, colony colour of rest of the cultures were light brown. Abundant growth pattern and fast growth rate of R. solani was observed at pH 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0. Sclerotia formation was started in three days at 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0 pH. Maximum sclerotia were formed at 7.0 pH (95.66) whereas, maximum weight of sclerotium was recorded at pH 4.0 (6.70 mg) followed by 5.0 pH (4.23 mg). Sclerotial characteristics viz., location, colour, arrangement and clump formation varied among the different media, temperatures and pH levels used for the study. Under in vitro fungicidal bio-efficacy test, carbendazim resulted as most effective fungicide with 100 per cent growth inhibition at all the tested concentration followed by fluxapyroxad + epoxiconazole which showed mycelial growth only at 10ppm and resulted in 98.79 per cent mycelial growth inhibition. Under field condition, maximum reduction in disease incidence (47.59%) and disease severity (66.67%) over untreated control was recorded in the plots sprayed with fluxapyroxad + epoxiconazole @ 0.1% which was followed by carbendazim with 41.10 and 55.58 per cent reduction in the disease incidence and disease severity, respectively over untreated control and both the treatments did not differ significantly. Maximum grain yield of 43.17 q/ha recorded in plots sprayed with fluxapyroxad + epoxiconazole which was 51.31 per cent higher than the untreated control. It was followed by carbendazim (41.67 q/ha) which resulted in 46.05 per cent higher yield over control and both the yields were at par with each other.ThesisItem Open Access “Evaluation of Microbial Consortia for Plant Growth Promotion and Management of Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”(Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, 2022-09-09) Jaisval, Girijesh Kumar; Singh, VivekChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important pulse crop of Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. Wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is one of the major constraints in production of chickpea in the regions and causes 10% annual yield loss (Singh and Dahiya, 1973). The microbial consortium is a group of species of microorganisms that act together as a community and synergistic way. Indigenous isolates of bacterial bio-agents viz; Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Mesorhizobium ciceri were isolated from root nodules and rhizospheric field collected chickpea field of Crop research farm of the University and identified on the basis of morphological characters and biochemical tests. Potential isolates of fungal antagonists such as T. harzianum and T. viride were collected from Plant Pathology Laboratory of BUAT, Banda. Indigenous fungal and bacterial bio-agents were tested in vitro for their efficacy against pathogen. Among Six native fungal antagonists T. harzianum (TH-2) was found highly effective against the pathogen, which inhibited maximum growth of the pathogen 67.03% followed by T. harzianum (TH-3) which inhibited 66.85% mycelia growth of pathogen. Among three bacterial isolates, P. fluorescens showed maximum inhibition growth of pathogen (63.98%) followed by B. subtilis (48.70%) and M. ciceri (36.93%). The compatibility of potential bio-agents was also tested through dual culture technique. All the bacterial bio-agents found compatible with each other and the fungal antagonist T. harzianum (TH-3) found potential against pathogen and compatible with all the bacterial bioagents. The bio-agents which found effective and compatible with each other were selected for development of consortia. Laboratory studies were conducted to study the effect of pH (4.5- 9.0) and temperature (20-400C) on colony growth of pathogen and bio-agents. In study of the effect of pH the fungal antagonist T. harzianum was attained maximum growth (80 mm) at pH 6.0 whereas the pathogen (Foc) and P. fluorescens attained highest growth 72.50 mm and 56.80 mm respectively at pH 6.5. While B. subtilis and M. ciceri both grew best at neutral pH 7 with 75.50 mm and 18.5 mm respectively. In study of the effect of temperature on the growth of microbes, the pathogen (Foc), T. harzianum and M. ciceri exhibited maximum growth 65.33 mm, 80 mm and 37.83 mm respectively at 280C, while B. subtilis and P. fluorescens exhibited maximum growth 76.67 mm and 58.17 mm respectively at 32°C. A pot culture experiment was conducted under net house condition during Rabi season 2021-22 with 14 treatments and three replications in CRD to evaluate the efficacy of microbial consortia for plant growth promotion and management of chickpea wilt. The results revealed that the treatment (T13) in which seed treatment with T. harzianum + B. subtilis + P. fluorescens + M. ciceri found most effective which enhanced maximum root and shoot length 40.10 and 48.72 cm respectively and that treatment also provided 100% seed germination maximum reduction (75.11%) in wilt incidence.
