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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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2013 - 20185
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Subject: Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL OF POLY HERBAL FORMULATION (Clerodendron infortunatum + Curcuma longa+ Aloe vera ) IN DIABETIC RATS
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) ., Dipshikha; Prasad, Raju
    It can be concluded from above results that the polyherbal ointment application showed faster and organised wound healing in diabetic rats which is evidenced by higher % wound contraction, increased anti oxidative enzymes, reduced LPO and more hydroxy proline content in treated group. It is also supported by histopathological studies of granulation tissues. The Aloe vera • The findings suggested that the polyherbal treatment (CI:AV:CL = 4:7:1) have great potential to hasten cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats on topical application.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON SELECTED HEAVY METALS RESIDUES IN MILK OF COWS AND BUFFALOES
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2014) Kumari, Sugandha; Roy, B.K.
    At the present era of globalization environmental pollution especially heavy metals is a major global concern posing serious risk to man and animal health. So, the present study is designed to estimate the levels of Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb, Mn, Co, Zn and Ni in milk of cows and buffaloes in Ranchi City. 1) Copper: The highest concentration of copper in cow (0.1520±0.0033 mg/L) was observed in milk of Harmu whereas its highest concentrations was recorded in Morabadi of buffalo milk (0.1791±0.0049 mg/L) samples. The average concentration of copper of buffalo milk sample was significantly higher than cow milk sample. 2) Iron: In cow milk samples the iron concentration was highest in Morabadi (11.3618±1.7400 mg/L) whereas lowest concentration was estimated in Ratu (3.2860±0.4500 mg/L). The average concentration of iron in buffalo milk Abstract 2 (7.7815±1.3400 mg/L) samples was recorded highest in Harmu while lowest (2.3860±0.1200 mg/L) in Ratu. The average concentration of iron in cow milk sample was significantly (P<0.01) higher as compare to buffalo milk samples. 3) Cadmium: The Cd concentration was found to be highest in cow milk (0.1340±0.0188 mg/L) samples as well as buffalo milk samples of Morabadi. The Cd was not present in RVC milk sample of buffalo. The average Cd concentration was significantly higher in milk samples of cows as compared to buffalo milk samples. 4) Manganese: The highest concentrations of Mn was found in cows milk (0.1633±0.0237 mg/L) of Morabadi whereas the highest concentrations of Mn in buffaloes milk (0.4955±0.1452 mg/L) was found in Harmu. The average Mn concentration was significantly higher in buffaloes milk as compared to cows milk. 5) Cobalt: In cow milk samples, the highest concentrations of cobalt was observed in RVC (0.0907±0.0156 mg/L) and lowest in Morabadi (0.0058±0.0016 mg/L). The average concentration of cobalt in buffaloes milk samples was also observed highest in RVC (0.1870±0.0268 mg/L) and lowest in Harmu (0.0733±0.0125 mg/L). The average cobalt concentration was significantly higher in buffaloes milk samples as compared to cows milk samples. 6) Lead: The average Pb concentration in cows milk was 0.3913±0.0497 mg/L while the average Pb concentration in buffalo milk was 0.2260±0.0419 mg/L. The average Pb concentration was significantly higher in cow milk (0.03380±0.0207 mg/L) than buffalo milk (0.1272±0.0143 mg/L). 7) Zinc: The Zn concentration was observed highest in Morabadi (0.5033±0.0478 mg/L), in cows milk and the same concentration was (0.7157±0.0289 mg/L) in buffaloes milk. Abstract 3 The average concentration of Zn was significantly (P<0.01) higher in buffaloes milk as compare to cows milk. 8) Nickel: The average concentration of Ni was found to be highest in cows milk (0.3122±0.0233) as compared to buffalo milk (0.2685±0.0212 mg/L) in Harmu. The average concentration of Ni was found to be significantly higher in cows milk as compared to buffaloes milk.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AMELIORATIVE EFFICACY OF Moringa oleifera AND Tephrosia purpurea ON CADMIUM INDUCED SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2014) Toppo, Reetu; ROY, B.K.
    The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of Moringa oleifera and Tephrosia purpurea against cadmium induced sub-acute toxicity in albino rats and their effects on serum bio-markers, haematological parameters, blood concentrations, tissue concentration and oxidative stress indices in rats. Histopathological study of liver, kidney and brain was also done. For sub-acute toxicity study 30 Wistar albino rats of either sex were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 rats in each group. Group-I was kept as control, group- II was treated with cadmium chloride (200 ppm) alone, group-III was treated with cadmium chloride (200 ppm) along with Moringa oleifera (500 mg/kg, oral), group-IV was treated with cadmium chloride (200 ppm) along with Tephrosia purpurea (500 mg/kg, oral), group-V was treated in combination with cadmium chloride (200 ppm), Moringa oleifera (500 mg/kg, oral), and Tephrosia purpurea (500 mg/kg, oral) 1. There was significant decrease in body weight gain in rats (group II) after single daily oral administration of cadmium chloride @ 200 ppm as compared with other treatment groups. 2. There was significant decrease in the weight of kidney, liver and brain in rats of group II. However, the weight of kidney, liver and brain in group III, IV and V increased in treatment groups as compared to rats of group II. No significant changes was observed in lung, heart and spleen of all the groups. 3. Hematological parameters such as total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin % was significantly decreased while total leucocyte count was significantly increased in group II as compared to control group. Group III, IV and V showed increased values of total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin % and decreased total leucocyte count in treatment group as compared to group II. 4. Biochemical alterations were observed in cadmium chloride treated group. Increase in levels of AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, creatinine, glucose and decrease in levels of serum total protein and serum albumin was observed in group II and there was significant improvement in these altered levels was observed in group III, IV and V. 5. Oxidative stress indices were determined on the basis of LPO and SOD values in liver, kidney and brain. There was increase in LPO and decrease in SOD values in liver, kidney and brain of group II whereas there was significant amelioration in altered values in group III, IV and V. 6. There was significant increase in the concentration of cadmium in kidney, liver, brain, lungs, heart, bone, muscles and spleen in group II as compared to control group. There was no significant decrease in cadmium concentrations in organs of group III, IV and V. 7. Histopathological studies of different vital organs also supported the above results. a. Kidney of rats of group II revealed consistent changes of cellular degeneration along with congestive, hemorrhagic and infiltrative changes. Cellular injury was characterized by vacuolar, cellular swelling with marked changes of granular, vacuolar and hyaline degeneration. Injured cells were showing changes of irreversible injury as evident by pyknosis, karrheorexis, karyolysis and anucloeosis along with features of cytoplasmolysis and desquamation of epithelial cells leading to causing partial to complete occlusion of their lumen at one point while dilation along with presence of granular and hyaline cast at other. Multifocal mononuclear cell infiltration with features of few fibroblast cells also evident in interstitial spaces whereas reduction in the microscopic changes in kidney of cadmium chloride with MO and TP alone caused decrease in severity of these lesions which was found to be maximum in rats treated in combination with both MO and TP evident by decrease in severity of granular, vacuolar, necrotic and disquamative changes with simultaneous decrease in number of tubules so effected and number of cells therein showing such changes. Degenerative changes were restricted to only outer cortical tubules in this group of rats and congestive, hemorrhagic and infiltrative changes were also milder. b. Liver of rats of group II revealed consistent changes of hepatic degeneration along with congestive, hemorrhagic, infiltrative and proliferative changes. Injuries in hepatocytes were characterized by cellular swelling with marked granular and vacuolar changes. The irreversibly injured cells were characterized by nucloeolar changes of pyknosis, karrheorexis, karyolysis and anucloeosis, cytomegaly, cytoplasmlysis, individualization and cell separation which were more pronounced in periportal areas giving the appearance of periportal hepatic necrosis. Sinusoids between those hepatic cords in which vacuolar changes were prominent were observed to be compressed while between those in which necrotic changes were prominent sinusoids appeared to be dilated and hepatic cords to be atrophied. There was loss of histo architecture of both hepatic cord and hepatic lobules. Mononuclear cell infiltration was also pronounced in portal areas. Treatment with MO and TP alone caused marked decrease in severity of the lesions which was maximum in rats treated in combination with both MO and TP evident by decrease in number of hepatocytes in hepatic cords showing vacuolar changes with simultaneous decrease in size of vacuoles therein. In a similar way there was decrease in number of cells undergoing hepatic necrosis scattered within vacuolated hepatocytes. Decrease in severity of hepatic necrosis was documented wherein more loss of histoarchitecture of hepatic cord and congestive, infiltrative and proliferative changes also appeared to be milder. c. Brain of rat of group II revealed a very mild congestion from perineuronal oedema and occasional neuronal degeneration exhibiting satellitosis and neuronophagia. However, these changes appeared to be milder in treatment group evident by decrease in number of microglial cells and there was no neuronophagia.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF Curcuma longa ON CADMIUM INDUCED SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY IN LAYER CHICKEN
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2013) Kumar, Prabhat; ROY, B.K.
    Cadmium exposure caused decrease in body weight and damaged liver and kidney of layer birds. There was significant reduction in all haematological parameters in cadmium exposed group. The antioxidant status of the body was also disturbed due to cadmium exposure for 29 days. Curcuma longa (2 g/kg in feed) along with cadmium chloride showed mild protection against the toxic effects caused by cadmium in layer birds. It has shown potent antioxidant activity, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity against cadmium induced toxicity. Supplementation of this plant may protect tissues from the toxic effects of cadmium.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF Clerodendrum Infortunatum Linn. IN DIABETIC RATS.
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2015) Panigrahi, Sidhartha Sankar; Prasad, Raju
    The present study was undertaken to evaluate the wound healing activity of Clerodendrum infortunatum LINN. in normal and diabetic rats. Open excision wounds of 2×2 cm2 were experimentally created on the back region of the normal and diabetic rats to evaluate the time dependent wound healing effects (days 0, 3, 7, and 15) of C. infortunatum ointment (4%). This study was conducted in two phases i.e. Phase I and Phase II. In phase I study, we evaluated the time dependent effects of C. infortunatum ointment (4%) on cutaneous wound healing in normal rats. In phase II study, we evaluated the time dependent effects of C. infortunatum ointment (4%) on cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats. In the present study, phytochemical tests were carried out in ethanolic extract of C. infortunatum leaves in order to determine the presence of chemical constituents. The tests were aimed to identify the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, reducing sugars, saponins, sterols, terpenes, tannins, and proteins. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, reducing sugars, sterol, terpene in higher extent, flavanoids were found moderately and saponin and tannin were found tracer amount where as the carbohydrates, and proteins were absent in the extract. The C. infortunatum (4% ointment) was applied topically on the wound twice daily for 15 days to evaluate the time dependent wound healing effects of C. infortunatum , as compared to ointment base applied on normal control rats. The six animals (each time point) from each group were sacrificed on days 3, 7, and 15 to collect the granulation tissue. The tissue was then used for the estimation of various oxidative stress related parameters, estimation of hydroxyproline content and for the studies of gross histopathological changes by H & E staining, of wound sections on days 3, 7 and 15. The salient findings of phase I trial are given below: 1. The reduction in wound area was significant on day 3,7 and 15 in C. infortunatum ointment (4%) treated group, as compared with control in normal rats . 2. C. infortunatum ointment (4%) treated wounds revealed significantly higher percent wound contraction as compared to control group. It was also revealed that the percentage of wound contraction was significantly higher (p<0.001) in treated group on day 7, day 15 as compared to control. However percentage of wound contraction was not significantly (p>0.05) vary on day 3 in C. infortunatum treated in compared to control group. 3. SOD activity in the normal treated group was significantly (p<0.05) increased on days 3, 7 post wounding in a time dependent manner as compared to control group. C. infortunatum ointment treatment caused a significant increased of SOD level on day 3, on day 7. However, on day 15, the level of SOD was increased in treated group but not significantly vary as compared to control group 4. Similarly, the activity of catalase in normal treated group was significantly (p<0.05) increased on day 7 and on day 15 as compared to control. However, the levels of catalase were increased but not significantly vary in normal treated group on day 3 of post wounding as compared to control group. 5. GSH contents were found to be significantly (p<0.001) increased on day 3, day 7 and day 15 as compared to control in a time dependent manner. C. infortunatum ointment in treated group revealed a significantly higher level of GSH in granulation tissue on day 3,7,15 as compared to control group. 6. C. infortunatum ointment (4%) treatment caused significantly (p<0.001) decreased the level Lipid peroxidation in normal treated group as compared to control group on days 7 and 15. However, on day 3 the level of LPO was not significantly (p>0.05) varied in treated group as compared to control group. 7. The level of hydroxyproline were significantly (p<0.05) increased on day 3 in C. infortunatum ointment treated wounds, as compared to control rats. After day3, the level of hydroxyproline in C. infortunatum treated group significantly (p<0.01) increased on day 7 and day 15 as compared to control group. 8. H & E stained sections showed that treated wounds had marked proliferation of fibroblasts with collagen deposition, new and wellformed capillaries in well-formed granulation tissue covered by newly formed epithelial layer. Whereas, control groups had presence of marked inflammatory cells until day 15. The salient findings of phase II trial are given below: 1. There was significantly increased on wound contraction (absolute area) in C. infortunatum ointment treated diabetic group on day 3, 7 and on day 15 as compared to diabetic control. 2. C. infortunatum ointment (4%) treated diabetic wounds revealed significantly higher percent wound contraction as compared to diabetic control group. It was also revealed that the percentage of wound contraction was significantly higher (p<0.05) in diabetic treated group on day7and day 15 as compared to diabetic control. However percentage of wound contraction was not significantly (p>0.05) vary on day 3 in C. infortunatum diabetic treated versus diabetic control group. 3. SOD activity in the diabetic treated group was significantly (p<0.05) increased on days 3, 7 post wounding in a time dependent manner as compared to diabetic control group. However, on day 3, the level of SOD was increased in treated group but not significantly vary as compared to control group. 4. The activity of catalase in diabetic treated group was significantly (p<0.001) highly increased on day 3, 7 and 15 as compared to diabetic control. The level of catalase was increased progressively on day 3, 7 and day 15 in diabetic treated group as compared to control group. 5. GSH contents were found to be significantly (p<0.001) increased in diabetic treated group on day 7and day 15.On day 3 GSH level were increased non significantly in diabetic treated group as compared to diabetic control. C. infortunatum ointment treated group revealed a significantly higher level of GSH in granulation tissue on day 7 and day 15, however it was not significantly increased on day 3 as compared to diabetic control group. 6. The level of LPO was decreased significantly in diabetic treated group in comparison to diabetic control on day 3, 7 and on day 15. 7. The level of hydroxyproline were significantly (p<0.05) increased on day 3 in C. infortunatum ointment treated diabetic wounds, as compared to diabetic control rats. After day3, the level of hydroxyproline in C. infortunatum treated group significantly (p<0.01) increased on day 7and day 15as compared to diabetic control group. 8. Diabetic treated group exhibited uniform and thick granulation tissue formation with marked proliferation of fibroblasts, well-formed new blood vessels and few inflammatory cells. However, wound area of control group was dominated by more cells that are inflammatory and loosely formed less granulation tissue. CONCLUSION C. infortunatum ointment (4%) treatment showed faster and organized healing of cutaneous wounds in normal as well as in diabetic rats. Percentage contraction of wound was significantly higher in treated groups as compared to control group whereas the percentage contraction was much higher in normal treated groups as compared to diabetic groups. Up-regulation of various antioxidative enzymes as well as hydroxyproline content and histopathological results revealed that there was improved healing by C. infortunatum ointment application in treated groups. The ethanolic extract ointment (4%) of C. infortunatum has shown great potential in treating diabetic wounds as well as normal wound on topical application.