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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Studies on Quantitative and Qualitative Characters in Rice (oryza Sativa L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Rajesh Verma; Dr.S.C.PrasadFour inter varietal along with their parents (P generation B and B 1 crosses of and P), F 1 rice Oryza and F 2 1 2 sativa L) and two cross of each cross were developed and were grown in randomized block design. with three replications during kharif season of the year 1994 under rainfed situation in the rice research farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi. The analysis of variance of 6 generations of each the four crosses for different characters revealed that of the differences among the generations were highly significant for majority plant, of plant character viz., plant height, tillers leaf length, panicle length, flag leaf grain weight, breadth and grain. yield and harvest index. straw yield. The replication significani in almost all the character. length, expect effect was per 1000 leaf non The observed variances in the various generations for different characters in each of the revealed F variances to be more then F 2 4 varietal crosses variance for most of 1 the character. In case of plant height the vriance BC was 1 variance of BC in all the crosses. The 2 higher then the variation in the generation is due to the variability. The scaling test A,B and C, as well as test were found to be highly significant in all joint the scaling cross combination for all the 10 traits studied. This clearly showed a good fit of additive dominance model.ThesisItem Open Access Study of Stability of Yield and Its Components in Bengal Gram (cicer aritinum Linn)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1994) Rabindra Narayan Choudhary; M.F.HaqueFortytwo genotypes of gram (Cicer arietinum L) were evaluated through the formula suggested by Eberhart and Russell (1966) under November and December sowing conditions over three years e.g. 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91 for eleven plant characters. The phenotypic expression of most of the characters was lower in December sowing condition than November sowing condition during all the three years. Highly significant differences were observed between the genotypes for all the characters except number of primary branches/plant. The environmental differences were also found highly significant for all the characters. The genotype x environment (G x E) interaction was also found to be highly significant for all the characters except plant height, number of secondary branches/plant, days to maturity, harvest index (%) and grain yield/plant. Both the linear and non linear component of G x E interactions were found to be highly significant for all the characters except days to maturity. However, the linear component was found to be greater in magnitude than the non-linear component for all the characters except days to maturity. The non-linear component was predominant for days to maturity. The grain yield/plant, harvest index (%). 100-grain weight, number of grains/pod, number of pods/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, number of primary branches/plant,ThesisItem Open Access Genetic Studies of Some Quantitative Characters in Maize (zea mays L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Nitish De; D.K.GanguliThe present investigation entitled "Genetic studies of some quantitative characters in mize (Zen mys L.)" was carried out with a set of eleven mize genotypes which were crossed in all possible combinations without reciprocals. The fifty five crosses along with their parents and two checks were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications during kharif 1994 to study variability, heterosis, combining ability and gene action for eleven quantitative plant characters, and also the yield prediction of double cross and synthetics that could be constituted for future utilization. The observation data over replication were utilized in analysing various genetic parameters. Estimmtes of combining ability for various characters ware done following dinllel (11 x 11) after Griffing (19560) as well an by line x tester (B lines x 3 testers) after Kempthorne (1957) taking some eleven genotypes in the two CASOS. Highly significant differences among the parents, and among the crosses were observed for all the characters. The mean values of the crosses were more than the parental for all the characters except for days to 50 per cent silk. mean Grain yield per plant, car height, number of kernels per car, number of kernels per row and ear length showed considerable phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation. The heritability estimates in broad sense for all the characters were higher in parents than the crosses. No character was found to have high heritability estimate together with high genetic advance. The extent of heterosis over mid-parent, better parent and two checks (Ganga Safed-2 and Suwan) for different characters varied considerably. Most of the crosses were found to give negative heterosis over the check varieties in mjority of the characters, however in case of days to 50 per cent silk, days to maturity, car girth and 100-kernel weight most of the crosses showed positive standard heterosis. Highest and significant positive standard heterosis over better check (Susan) for grain yield was observed in the cross BAU-8312 x CM-4385 (24.49 %). Heterosis for grain yield found to be associated with simultaneous heterosis in other component characters which differed in different crosses. However, 100-kernel weight, plant height and ear girth were the three commonest characters associated with heterosis for yield. The combining ability studies indicated the importance additive and non-additive gene actions in the expression characters, although The non-additive. gene action predominated, and the presence of over-dominance was observed in all the characters under both the mting designs except for days. to 50 per cent silk in diallel only.. The genotype BAU-SW/82 was the best general combiner for grain yield followed by BAU-8312, CM-4385 and BAU-W.Pool. The lines which were superior combiners for grain yield were also superior cabiners for one or more yield components. The crosses viz., BAU-8312 x CM-4385, CM-4357 x CM-600, CM-600 x BAU-W.Pool, BAU-SW/82 x CML-4386 and BAU-SW/82 x CML-4385 were the best specific cross combinations for grain yield per plant. under diallel analysis while CM-der* CM-600, CM-4373 x CM-600 and CM-4386 x BAU-W.Pool were best, line x tester analysis. CM-4357 x CM-600 being common one. Crosses showing high sca for grain yield also exhibited high sca for some component characters. In the comparative study between two mating designs the best general combiner for grain yield (BAU-SW/82) was the same. The estimates of various genetic components were also more or less similar in most of the characters under both diallel and line x tester analyses. The best specific cross combinations for yield and other characters. slightly differed in two methods of analyses. The per se performance of parents were found to be correlated with the gca effects for all the characters except for ear girth under diallel analysis whereas no such relation was found in line x tester analysis except for days to 50 per cent silk. However, the per se performance of the crosses showed parallel relationship with the sca effects for all the characters unler both the methods of unlysos. The best predicted double cross hybrid was (BAU-SW/82 x BAU-8312) x (CM-4385 x CL-4386) with an estimated yield of 61.69 q/ha and was 9.81 per cent higher than the better check Suwan (56.18 q/ha). Single cross hybrids gave better yield performance over the predicted double cross hybrids and synthetics. Top single crossos for grain yield do not constitute to give prodicted top double. cross yield. The predicted yield of all the syntheties were found lower than the check Suwan.ThesisItem Open Access Combining Ability And Heterosis Studies In Linseed (linum usitatissimum L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Sohan Ram; H.B.P.TrivediLinseed is predominantly a aulogamous crop of industrial significance inspite of considerable increase in area and production under linseed , the productivity under linseed, the productivity which is of foremost importance, is still stagnant in India. The prime objective of the present investigation was to evaluate some well recognised varieties and explore the combining ability variances of oil yield and seed yield components and their combining ability effects together with the studies on variability , heterosis and correlation through diallel analysis. Eight well recognised varieties of major linseed growing stated were obtained from project co-ordinator(Linseed) chandra shekhar Azad university of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, These varieties were crossed in 8x8 diallel fashion to obtain 28 direct and 28 reciprocal F1 hybrids .These hybrids were generation advanced in off season nursery to procure F2 seeds. These F1 and F2 hybrids were evaluated separately along with the parents for variability, heterosis, inbreeding depression , combining ability and correlation.ThesisItem Open Access Genotype Environment Interaction, Variability And Correlation Studies in Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1995) Shreekant Kumar; M.P.SinghThe present investigation on the "Genotype x Environment Interaction, Variability and Correlation studies in Groundnut was conducted in a Randomized Block Design for three years under rainfed situation. Thirty diverse groundnut varieties were evaluated for their extent of variability for twelve plant characters and to study the associations of these plant characters with yield and among themselves (both genotypic and phenotypic). The GxE interaction and estimation of stability parameters after Eberhart and Russell's (1966) was done to screen out some suitable stable varieties of groundnut for Chotanagpur region under rainfed condition. Highly significant differences were observed between the genotypes for almost all the characters over the years. The pooled estimate of phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were found to be low for oil percentage in kemel, days to maturity and days to 50% flowering. The pooled estimate of genetic advance expressed in percentage of mean was also found to be lowest in oil percentage in kemel followed by days to maturity. Heritability estimate in broad sense pooled over three years was highest for days to 50% flowering. Pod yield showed positive and significant correlation with days to 50% flowering, number of primary branches, 100-kemel weight and days to maturity. None of the plant characters was found to be associated with oil percentage in kemel.ThesisItem Open Access Heterosis And Combining Ability Studies In Bread Wheat(Triticum Aestivum L.em Thell)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1993) Kapil Deo Prasad; Md.fazlul HaqueTen genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) namely, HUW 206, HUW 234, HW 2001, HW 2002, KS 19, KS 26, KS 34, UP 262, HD 2385 and HD 2402 were crossed in a diallel fashion excluding reciprocals. The fortyfive crosses and ten parents were grown in a randomised complete block design during Rabi season of 1988-89 under normal sown irrigated condition, The data recorded on twelve quantitative characters viz., plant height, ear length, number of earheads per plant, number of grains per ear, 100-grain weight, flag leaf area, peduncle length, sheath length, grain filling period, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and harvest index were analysed to find out the estimates of variability, heritability (broad sense), genetic advance, heterosis (over mid-parent, better parent and over UP 262), combining ability and character association. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the twelve characters except for number of earheads per plant which was significant at 5 per cent level both for parents and crosses. This indicated the inherent genetic differences among parents as well as crosses for all the characters under the present investigation. Grain yield per plant, number of grains per ear, flag leaf area and biological yield per plant showed consi derable genetic coefficient of variation.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Genetic Divergence and Induced Polygenic Mutations in Mungbean (vigna radiata (L) Wilczek(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1990) Chandra Mouli Sharma; Dr.H.F.HaqueThe concept of genetic divergence has helped the plant breeders to classify their breeding materials into useful groups. In the present study, genetic divergence using Mahalanobis De statistic was studied in 40 varieties of mung bean collected from eleven different sources of the country. The analysis of variance shoved significant differences among the varieties for all the characters. The D2 velues ranged from 47.88 to 1.11 between the combinations, (K-851 and Pusa-102) and (Kopergaon and Fuse-104) respectively. The characters, pods per plant, 100 seed weight, seed per pod and plent height together contributed 52.8% of the total divergence. All the 40 genotypes were grouped into thirteen clusters. The grouping of genotypes from different Eco geographical areas in the same cluster confirmed that there is no parallelism between the genetic diversity and geographical diversity. The intra cluster variations were found for all the eight characters. Maximum inter-cluster - values were found between cluster V end XII followed by V and X. The findings of the present study may be helpful in identifying suitable, locally adapted and genetically divergent varieties for realising heterosis in future breeding programmes. The existing variability in self-fertilized crop 1ike mung been hove depleted to a considerable extent due to continuous selection pressure over the years. There is great demand for induction of new genes and gene patterns to develop improved varieties better adapted to the demands. In the present investigation, seeds of two varieties of mungbeen, viz. Suneina and I-65 were irradiated with 10, 20, 30, 40 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 KR dosages of gemma radiation at a dosage rate of 1.82 kB/minute and induced morphological and polygenic variability were studied in 1, 2 and 3 generations. The immediate effect of different dosages of gamma rays were inhibition of germination, reduction in survival, retardation in growth of plants and reduction in pollen fertility showing dosage-dependent trend. The magnitude of reduction was higher in higher radiation dosages of 70 KR to 100 KR. The LD50 for various biological parameters were 40 KR to 78 KR. The variety MI-65 was more radio-sensitive than Sunainn. Most of the morphological variants and chimeras observed in My end 2 generations were non-heritable and reversible in nature except some useful mutants, viz. bold pod mutants and synchronous maturing mutants which shoved monogenic inheritance. The radiation dosages of 30 KR and 40 KR were found as the most effective for inducing useful mutations. In the present investigation, emphasis has been given on the study of induced polygenic mutations in two varieties of mungbean. The study has revealed positive shift of means and variances in the irradiated treatments over the control for most of the characters studied. It is, however, noteworthy that the yield contributing characters viz., pods per plant, seeds per pod, weight/100 seed and seed yield/plant showed considerable increase in their mean and coefficient of variation over the respective controls in both the varieties. It was observed that the lower dosages of gomma rays (10 KR to 60 kR) were more effective in increasing the means and variances for the yield contributing characters, while higher dosages caused shift in negative direction. Based on this finding, promising families carrying mutations for multiple characters were selected in Mg, which were advanced to g generation for further study. The study of components of induced variability viz. heritability and genetic advance reveaThesisItem Open Access Studies on Maize Germplasm Complexes By Line X Tester Analysis(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1986) Dilip Kumar Ganguli; D.P.SrivastavaPresent investigation was taken up to evaluate some newly developed germplasm complexes of maize for their future utilization in crop improvement programme. Eleven diverse germ plasm complexes used as females were crossed with three open pollinated heterozygous testers, of different genetic base, as males. Thirtythree cross combinations along with fourteen parents and one check variety were evaluated for two years for variability, heterosis and combining ability. The line x tester analysis for combining ability was done with crosses alone. Pooled analysis of variance components, combining ability variances and combining ability effects were done for twelve quantitative characters. Simple correlation and rank correlation was done to ascertain the association of parental performance and general combining ability effects and also for determining tester efficiency. The parents and crosses were found to differ significantly for almost all the characters in both the years. The mean values of the crosses were more than the parental mean of various characters. The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher for grain yield, ear height, number of kernels/ear and 100-grain weight. Large number of crosses were found to give significant heterosis over mid-parent, better parent and over the check variety in majority of the characters. The manifesta tion of heterosis was strongest for some characters in the less favourable environment while for other characters a better envi ronment gave better heterotic effect.ThesisItem Open Access Stability Analysis For Yield And Quality Characters In Groundnut(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1989) Singh Prasad Jagdamba; P. K. SinhaFifty-one Spanish and Virginia bunch groundnut genotypes were evaluated in the present studies at two locations (Kanke and Chiyanki) during 1986 and 1987, for twelve characters namely, initial- plant population, days to first and 50 per cent flowering, leaf index (length/ breadth ratio), height of central axis, number and length of primary branches, number of pegs and pods per plant, pod weight per plant, shelling percentage and all per cent in the kernel. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of genotype- environment interaction for initial plant population, height of central axis, length of primary branch and pod weight per plant. The non-linear component of G x E interaction was highly significant for initial plant population, height of central axis and length of primary branch; was significant for pod weight per plant and non-significant for other characters.
