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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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2014 - 20194
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Subject: Natural Resources Management × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    FLORISTIC AND CARBON STORAGE PATTERN IN TROPICAL DRY DECIDUOUS FOREST OF RANCHI EAST DIVISION, JHARKHAND
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) RANJAN PANDA, MIHIR; Tirkey, P.
    The study entitled “Floristic and Carbon Storage Pattern in Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest of Ranchi East Division, Jharkhand”was conducted in Horhap forest, Mahilong Range, Ranchi during the year 2018-2019. Which was conducted with the following objectives: (i) To determine the vegetational composition and diversity of Horhap forest (ii) To estimate the biomass and carbon stock of Horhap forest. The entire area was divided into two sites. The study was conducted in five different layers of dry deciduous forest. The variation in composition, structure, diversity, biomass and carbon stock in different layers were quantified. Biomass for each forest fragment was estimated using allometric equations based on the relationship between girth of a tree and dry weight of component. The simple random sampling procedure was followed.Quadrates of 10x10 m2 was taken for trees, saplings and shrubs. While 2x2 m2 quadrates for seedling and 50x50 cm2 quadrates for herbs were taken. A total of 1810 trees ha-1 representing 20 species and 15 families were encountered in site I. Similarly, in site II a total of 1430 trees ha-1 representing 14 species and 12 families were found. The total tree basal area was varied between 35.97 to 48.01 m2 ha-1. A total of 1080 saplings ha-1 representing 18 species and 15 families were encountered in site I. Similarly, in site II a total of 1240 saplings ha-1 representing 16 species and 13 families were found. The total sapling basal area was varied between 4.67 to 5.42 m2 ha-1. A total of 45500 seedlings ha-1 representing 14 species and 12 families were encountered in site I. Similarly, in site II a total of 56500 seedlings ha-1 representing 14 species and 12 families were found. The total seedling basal area was varied between 3.78- 3.88 m2 ha-1. A total of 7540 shrubs ha-1 representing 7 species and 6 families were encountered in site I. Similarly, in site II a total of 7740 shrubs ha-1 representing 6 species and 5 families were found. The total shrub basal area was varied between 1.002- 2.25 m2 ha-1. A total of 299600 herbs ha-1 representing 17 species and 8 families were encountered in site I. Similarly, in site II a total of 476400 herbs ha-1 representing 22 species and 12 families were found. The total herb basal area was varied between 0.68- 1.35 m2 ha-1. Shorea robusta showed highest value of IVI in tree sapling and seedling layers, whereas Lygodium japonicum showed highest value of IVI in shrubs and Cynodon dactylon showed highest value of IVI in herbs. Shannon index ranged from 2.43-2.97 for trees, 3.07-3.08 for saplings, 2.21- 2.26 for seedlings, 1.53-1.65 for shrubs and 3.30-3.39 for herbs. The Concentration of dominance were 0.24-0.33 for trees, 0.19-0.21 for saplings, 0.37-0.4 for seedlings, 0.46- 0.48 for shrubs and 0.13-0.14 for herbs. Equitability ranged from 0.92-0.99 for trees, 1.0 for saplings, 0.84-0.86 for seedlings, 0.85-0.86 for shrubs and 1.0 for herbs. Species richness ranged from 1.79-2.53 for trees, 2.11-2.43 for saplings, 1.19-1.21 for seedlings, 0.56-0.67 for shrubs and 1.27-1.6 for herbs. Total tree biomass recorded in site I was 386.91 t ha-1 of which 333.31 t ha-1 AGB and 53.6 t ha-1 BGB. Where as in site II total tree biomass was recorded 297.04 t ha-1 of which 254.84 t ha-1 AGB and 42.2 t ha-1 BGB. Total sapling biomass recorded in site I was 22.3t ha-1 of which 18.06 t ha-1 AGB and 4.24 t ha-1 BGB. Where as in site II total tree biomass was recorded 24.23 t ha-1 of which 19.86 t ha-1 AGB and 4.37 t ha-1 BGB. Total seedling biomass recorded in site I was 9.23t ha-1 of which 7.14 t ha-1 AGB and 2.09 t ha-1 BGB. Where as in site II total tree biomass was recorded 7.24 t ha-1 of which 5.62t ha-1 AGB and 1.63 t ha-1 BGB. Total shrub biomass recorded in site I was 5.34t ha-1 of which 4.42 t ha-1 AGB and 0.92 t ha-1 BGB. Where as in site II total tree biomass was recorded 2.803 t ha-1 of which 2.328 t ha-1 AGB and 0.475 t ha-1 BGB. Total herb biomass recorded in site I was 1.49 t ha-1 of which 1.24 t ha-1 AGB and 0.25 t ha-1 BGB. Where as in site II total tree biomass was recorded 297.04 t ha-1 of which 254.84 t ha-1 AGB and 42.2 t ha-1 BGB. The forest floor biomass in site I was recorded 389.1g m-2, of which leaves litter 176.46 g m-2, twigs 80.69 g m-2 and dead wood 131.95 g m-2. The forest floor biomass in site II was recorded 450.78 g m-2, of which leaves litter 227.06 g m-2, twigs 74.73 g m-2 and dead wood 148.99 g m-2. Total carbon stock was recorded in tree 129.21- 168.43 t ha-1, sapling 9.56- 10.40 t ha-1, seedlings 3.07-3.91 t ha-1, shrubs 1.21- 2.3 t ha-1 and herbs0.72- 1.32 t ha-1. In case of top soil (0-10 cm depth) status was varied form 5.54-5.55 for pH, 0.89 -1.06 for organic carbon (%), 293.895-330.12 for available N (kg ha-1), 15.75- 19.125 for available P (kg ha-1), 140.625 -155.25 for available k (kg ha-1). Similarly for subsurface (10-20cm depth) status was varied form 5.53-5.54 for pH,0.765-0.9 for organic carbon (%),249.79-279.72 for available N (kg ha-1), 14.625 -17.44 for available P (kg ha-1), 137.25-150.75 for available k (kg ha-1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN THE PLANTATION OF Terminalia arjuna Roxb. AT B.A.U. CAMPUS, KANKE, RANCHI
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Lakra, Sonia; Tirkey, P.
    The study entitled “Studies on Carbon Sequestration in the Plantation of Terminalia arjuna Roxb. at B.A.U. Campus, Kanke Ranchi” was carried out with the following two objective- viz; To study the carbon sequestered in above and below ground of T. Arjuna trees and To study the soil carbon sequestered in the soil of the plantation area. The above and belowground carbon sequestration of the Terminalia arjuna which was a 37-year-old plantation maintained under Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand were the area was divided into three plots i.e. plot-1, plot-2, plot-3,tree spacing was 4 m × 4 m.The total number of tree was 260 whereas, the maximum number of the tree was found in plot-2 (118), followed by plot-1 (67) and the minimum was in plot-3 (75). The data for carbon estimation of above ground biomass was taken recorded following non- destructive method whereas, the soil carbon was estimated by using Walkley and Black method for both planted and unplanted areas. The mean girth per tree of Terminalia arjuna was calculated as 72 cm with it’s mean height as 5.90 m. Mean AGB of Terminalia arjuna was estimated 89.20 kg per tree and mean BGB was estimated 23.19 kg per tree .The total mean biomass per tree was calculated 112.39 kg. The average carbon content was calculated as 56.20 kg per tree and mean weight of CO₂ sequestrated was 206.03 kg per tree. The mean AGB of Terminalia arjuna was 55.75 t/ha and mean BGB was 14.49 t/ha in these way total biomass as 70.24 t/ha.The mean carbon content of Terminalia arjuna was found 35.12 t/ha and mean CO2 sequestered was found as 128.77 t/ha. Soil carbon sequestration under Terminalia arjuna was found at planted plots as well as an unplanted plot, as 4.17 t/ha and 2.57 t/ha respectively. Finally, the total carbon stock from above ground and below ground tree and soil was estimated as 74.41 t/ha.The available nitrogen in soil under Terminalia arjuna for two different profiles viz; 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm was calculated as 239.17 kg/ha and 221.11 kg/ha, Similarly the available phosphorus in soil estimate as 83.69 kg/ha and 55.85 kg/ha and available potassium content as165.2 kg/ha and 141.55 kg/h respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON TREE-SOIL INTERACTION ON DIFFERENT SPECIES IN ARBORETUM
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Runda, Anju; Singh, S.K.
    The present experiment entitled “Studies on tree-soil interaction on different species in Arboretum of Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi planted in the year 2006. The experiment is planned with the objectives such as to study the physicochemical properties of soil in the selected tree species, growth parameter of different tree species, and to know the interrelationship between soil properties and tree growth. The plantation in the arboretum is about 11 years old planted in block. Since the blocks are not equal, random sampling method has been adopted to conduct the experiment. The five tree species like Mahogany (Swietenia mahogoni), Sheesham (Dalbergia sisso), Gamhar (Gmelina arborea), Jamun (Syzygium cumini) and Ber (Ziziphus jujube) have been selected in the present studies. The physical properties of the soil like soil texture, bulk density, soil porosity, water holding capacity and particle density has been taken into consideration; whereas the chemical properties such as soil pH, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorous and available potassium have been analysed. Besides these, the growth parameter such as height, diameter and crown width have been recorded to find out the growth performance of the concerned trees. The maximum value (1.66 gm cm-3) of Bulk Density has been found in Ziziphus jujube followed by Gmelina arborea, Syzygium cumini, Dalbergia sisso and minimum (1.55 gm cm-3) Swietenia mahogoni; whereas in case of Particle Density, the maximum value (2.68 gm cm-3) was observed in Syzygium cumini followed by Swietenia mahogoni, Dalbergia sisso, Gmelina arborea and minimum (2.56 gm cm-3) in Ziziphus jujube. In Soil Porosity, the maximum value (43.50%) has been shown in Dalbergia sisoo followed by Swietenia mahogoni, Gmelina arborea, Syzygium cumini and minimum (35.42%) in Ziziphus jujube; while the maximum value (34.39ml/100cm3) of water holding capacity was recorded in Dalbergia sissoo followed by Gmelina arborea, Ziziphus jujube, Syzygium cumini, and minimum (21.30ml/100cm3) in Swietenia mahogoni. Percentage of sand has been found maximally (54.67%) in Syzigium cumini followed by Gmelina arborea, Dalbergia sissoo, Swietenia mahogoni and minimum (51.31%) in Ziziphus jujube; whereas the maximum value (25.3%) of silt has been found in Swietenia mahogoni followed by Dalbergia sisso, Syzygium cumini, Gmelina arborea and minimum (22.7%) in Ziziphus jujube; while percentage of clay has been found maximum (26.61%) in Zizyphus jujube followed by Gmelina arborea, Dalbergia sisso, Swietenia mahogoni, and minimum (22.74%) in Syzygium cumini. Statistically bulk density has been shown significantly higher in Gmelina arborea followed by Syzygium cumini, Swietenia mahogoni, Ziziphus jujube and non-significant in Dalbergia sisso; whereas particle density has been observed significantly higher in Syzygium cumini followed by Swietenia mahogoni, Dalbergia sisso, Gmelina arborea and Ziziphus jujube has been found nonsignificant. The soil porosity has been found significantly higher in Syzigium cumini followed by Gmelina arborea, Swietenia mahogoni, Ziziphus jujube and Dalbergia sissoo; while the water holding capacity has been observed significantly higher in Gmelina arborea followed by Dalbergia sisso, Ziziphus jujube, Syzygium cumini and Swietenia mahogoni; whereas in case of percentage of sand, silt and clay it has been found non-significant in all the species. Thus, it indicates that the physical properties of the soil have been found improved in planted area. The findings of the experiment indicated that Soil pH, Organic Carbon (OC), Available Nitrogen (N), Available Potassium (K) increased in planted areas than non planted areas while Available Phosphorous (P) has been found higher in unplanted areas than planted area. The maximum value (6.07) of soil pH has been observed higher in Dalbergia sisso followed by Gmelina arborea, Swietenia mahogoni, Syzygium cumini and minimum (5.32) in Ziziphus jujube. The maximum value (0.45) in soil organic carbon has been found higher in Gmelina arborea followed by Dalbergia sisso, Swietenia mahogoni, Syzygium cumini and minimum (0.40) in Ziziphus jujube. The maximum value (496.64) of available nitrogen has been recorded in Dalbergia sisso followed by Syzygium cumini, Ziziphus jujube, Gmelina arborea and minimum (419.54) in Swietenia mahogoni; whereas maximum value (760.62) of available potassium has been shown in Swietenia mahogoni followed by Syzygium cumini, Gmelina arborea, Ziziphus jujube and minimum (714.38) in Dalbergia sisso. On contrary unplanted area has been found maximum value (15.22kg/ha) of available phosphorous in Dalbergia sisso followed by Swietenia mahogoni, Ziziphus jujube, Gmelina arborea, and minimum (14.5kg/ha) in Syzygium cumini. Overall, the nutrient status in all the species has been found in the sequential order as K>N>P. As per statistical analysis the soil pH, has been found significantly higher in Dalbergia sisso followed by Syzygium cumini, Ziziphus jujube, Gmelina arborea and Swietenia mahogoni; whereas soil organic carbon depicts significantly higher in Syzigium cumini followed by Gmelina arborea, Swietenia mahogoni, Dalbergia sisso, and Ziziphus jujube. Available nitrogen has been observed significantly higher in Syzygium cumini followed by Gmelina arborea, Ziziphus jujube, Dalbergia sisso and Swietenia mahogoni; while Available phosphorous has been shown significantly higher in Swietenia mahogoni followed by Syzigium cumini, Dalbergia sisso, Gmelina arborea, and Ziziphus jujube. The Available potassium has been found significantly higher in Syzygium cumini followed by Zizyphus jujube, Swietenia mahogoni, Dalbergia sisso and Gmelina arborea. As per the growth parameter of the tree is concerned, the both diameter and height have been found maximum (13.33 cm & 10.55 m respectively) in Sweitenia mahogoni, which is a fast growing species. But, in case of diameter, it has been followed by Gmelina arborea, Dalbergia sisso, Syzygium cumini and minimally (9.23 cm) Ziziphus jujube; while in case of height it has been followed by Gmelina arborea, Dalbergia sisso, Syzigium cumini, and minimum (7.62 m) in Ziziphus jujube. The crown width has been recorded maximum (5.62m) growth in Swietenia mahogoni followed by Dalbergia sisso, Syzygium cumini, Ziziphus jujube and minimum (3.67m) in Gmelina arborea. Therefore it may be concluded from the present investigation that physical properties of soils was improved considerably in planted area than that of unplanted area; the Soil pH, Soil Organic Carbon (OC), available nitrogen (N) and available Potassium (K) were found significantly higher in planted area compared to unplanted area . On contrast, the available Phosphorous (P) showed reverse finding being significantly higher in unplanted area. The finding of the results show an increasing tendency in the soil pH which indicates conducive for the tree growth.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TREE-SOIL INTERACTION STUDIES ON DIFFERENT SPECIES IN ARBORETUM
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2014) Birua, Bibek; Singh, S.K.
    The present experiment entitled “Tree-Soil Interaction Studies on Different Species in Arboretum” has been conducted in Arboretum of Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi planted in the year 2006. The work is planned with the objective such as to study the physiochemical properties of soil in selected tree species, growth parameter of different tree species, and to know-how the interrelation between soil properties and tree growth. Plantation which is seven years old in the arboretum had been done in block and since the blocks are not equal. The random sampling method has been adopted. The five tree species like Khair (Acacia catechu), Teak (Tectona grandis), Anola (Emblica offcinalis), safeda (Eucalyptus tereticornis), and Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) have been selected in the present studies. The soil physical properties such as soil texture, bulk density, soil porosity, water holding capacity and particle density have been analyzed. The chemical properties viz. soil pH, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorous and available potassium have been determined. Besides these the growth parameters like height, diameter, and crown width have been recorded. The maximum value(1.611gm cm-³) of Bulk Density was found in Eucalyptus tereticornis followed by Tectona grandis, Acacia catechu, Emblica officinalis, and minimum (1.506gm cm-³) in Pongamia pinnata; while the maximum value(2.530gm cm-³) of particle density has been shown in Emblica officinalis followed by Acacia catechu, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tectona grandis,and minimum (2.329 gm cm-³) in Pongamia pinnata. In soil porosity, the maximum value (38.75%) in Emblica officinalis followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis, Acacia catechu, Pongamia pinnata, and minimum (35.35%) in Tectona grandis. Whereas the maximum value (38.6 ml/cm³) of water holding capacity was found in Tectona grandis followed by Acacia catechu, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Pongamia pinnata,and minimum(32.8 ml/cm³) in Emblica officinalis. The maximum value (62.6%) of percentage of sand was found in Pongamia pinnata followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis, Emblica officinalis, Tectona grandis, and minimum (57.2%) in Acacia catechu; while the maximum II value (28.9%) of percentage of silt has been found in Acacia catechu followed by Emblica officinalis, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tectona grandis, and minimum (25.3%) in Pongamia pinnata; whereas in case of percentage of clay, the maximum value(15.7%) has been found Tectona grandis followed by Acacia catechu, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Pongamia pinnata and minimum(11.5%) in Emblica officinalis. Statistically, the bulk density has been found significantly higher in Eucalyptus tereticornis followed by Pongamia pinnata, Tectona grandis, Acacia catechu, and Emblica officinalis; while Particle Density is significantly higher only in Tectona grandis and other species are nonsignificant. The Porosity has been found significantly higher in Acacia catechu followed by Pongamia pinnata, Tectona grandis and rest are non significant. The Water Holding Capacity is found significantly higher in Acacia catechu followed Pongamia pinnata and Tectona grandis, but other are non-significant. The sand percentage is found significantly higher in Acacia catechu and Tectona grandis; while others are non-significant; whereas in case of Percentage of Silt, it has been found significantly higher in Eucalyptus tereticornis followed by Pongamia pinnata & Emblica officinalis but Tectona grandis and Acacia catechu are non-significant. The Clay Percentage has been found significantly higher in Emblica officinalis; whereas other species are non-significant. Thus, a physical property of soil has been showed improvement in plated area. The results showed that the soil pH, Organic carbon (OC), available nitrogen (N), and available potassium (K) have increased in planted area than unplanted area; whereas available phosphorous (P) the higher value in unplanted area than planted area except Eucalyptus tereticornis. The maximum value (5.74) of soil pH has been found in Pongamia pinnata followed by Tectona grandis, Eucalyptus tereticornis and minimum (5.24) in Acacia catechu ;whereas in the soil organic carbon, the maximum value (0.40%) in Acacia catechu and Pongamia pinnata followed by Tectona grandis, Emblica officinalis as well as Eucalyptus tereticornis having minimum value(0.39%)., the maximum value (273.02 kg/ha) of available nitrogen has been found in Tectona grandis followed by Acacia catechu, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Pongamia pinnata and minimum (262.48kg/ha) in Emblica officinalis; while available potassium had III shown maximum value (504.97kg/ha) in Pongamia pinnata followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tectona grandis ,Emblica officinalis and minimum (445.22kg/ha) in Acacia catechu. In case of available phosphorous, it has been found more value in unplanted area than planted area except Eucalyptus tereticornis. It was found maximum (10.47kg/ha) in Eucalyptus tereticornis followed by Emblica officinalis, Acacia catechu, Tectona grandis, and minimum (6.91kg/ha) in pongamia pinnata.it has been found the nutrient status in all the species of planted area have the order like K>N>P. In statistical analysis, the soil pH is found significantly higher in Emblica officinalis followed by Acacia catechu, Tectona grandis, Pongamia pinnata and Eucalyptus tereticornis; while, the soil organic carbon is significantly higher in Pongamia pinnata followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis, Acacia catechu, Tectona grandis, and Emblica officinlis. The available nitrogen is found significantly higher in Eucalyptus tereticornis followed by Acacia catechu, Pongamia pinnata, Emblica officinalis, and Tectona grandis; whereas, the available phosphorous has been found significantly higher in Eucalyptus tereticornis followed by Tectona grandis, Emblica officinalis, Acacia catechu, and Pongamia pinnata; while, the available potassium is found significantly higher in Eucalyptus tereticornis followed by Acacia catechu, Emblica officinalis, Tectona grandis, and Pongamia pinnata. Both diameter & height have been found maximum (16.32 cm &14.8 m respectively) in Eucalyptus tereticornis which is fast growing exotic species, followed by Tectona grandis ,Pongamia pinnata, Emblica officinalis and minimum (5.56 cm &4.01 m) in Acacia catechu. The crown width has been found the maximum (4.38 m) growth in Pongamia pinnata followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tectona grandis, Emblica officinalis and minimum (1.73 m) in Acacia catechu. Thus, it may be concluded that physical properties of soil have improved in planted area than unplanted area; The pH, soil organic carbon(OC), available nitrogen(N), available potassium(K) in the planted area is significantly higher than unplanted area; whereas in case of available phosphorous, it is lower in planted area than unplanted area except Eucalyptus tereticornis. It may be said that soil pH is increasing in the plantation area showing betterment for tree growth.