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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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2014 - 20182
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Subject: Natural Resources Management × End date: 2018 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON TREE-SOIL INTERACTION ON DIFFERENT SPECIES IN ARBORETUM
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Runda, Anju; Singh, S.K.
    The present experiment entitled “Studies on tree-soil interaction on different species in Arboretum of Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi planted in the year 2006. The experiment is planned with the objectives such as to study the physicochemical properties of soil in the selected tree species, growth parameter of different tree species, and to know the interrelationship between soil properties and tree growth. The plantation in the arboretum is about 11 years old planted in block. Since the blocks are not equal, random sampling method has been adopted to conduct the experiment. The five tree species like Mahogany (Swietenia mahogoni), Sheesham (Dalbergia sisso), Gamhar (Gmelina arborea), Jamun (Syzygium cumini) and Ber (Ziziphus jujube) have been selected in the present studies. The physical properties of the soil like soil texture, bulk density, soil porosity, water holding capacity and particle density has been taken into consideration; whereas the chemical properties such as soil pH, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorous and available potassium have been analysed. Besides these, the growth parameter such as height, diameter and crown width have been recorded to find out the growth performance of the concerned trees. The maximum value (1.66 gm cm-3) of Bulk Density has been found in Ziziphus jujube followed by Gmelina arborea, Syzygium cumini, Dalbergia sisso and minimum (1.55 gm cm-3) Swietenia mahogoni; whereas in case of Particle Density, the maximum value (2.68 gm cm-3) was observed in Syzygium cumini followed by Swietenia mahogoni, Dalbergia sisso, Gmelina arborea and minimum (2.56 gm cm-3) in Ziziphus jujube. In Soil Porosity, the maximum value (43.50%) has been shown in Dalbergia sisoo followed by Swietenia mahogoni, Gmelina arborea, Syzygium cumini and minimum (35.42%) in Ziziphus jujube; while the maximum value (34.39ml/100cm3) of water holding capacity was recorded in Dalbergia sissoo followed by Gmelina arborea, Ziziphus jujube, Syzygium cumini, and minimum (21.30ml/100cm3) in Swietenia mahogoni. Percentage of sand has been found maximally (54.67%) in Syzigium cumini followed by Gmelina arborea, Dalbergia sissoo, Swietenia mahogoni and minimum (51.31%) in Ziziphus jujube; whereas the maximum value (25.3%) of silt has been found in Swietenia mahogoni followed by Dalbergia sisso, Syzygium cumini, Gmelina arborea and minimum (22.7%) in Ziziphus jujube; while percentage of clay has been found maximum (26.61%) in Zizyphus jujube followed by Gmelina arborea, Dalbergia sisso, Swietenia mahogoni, and minimum (22.74%) in Syzygium cumini. Statistically bulk density has been shown significantly higher in Gmelina arborea followed by Syzygium cumini, Swietenia mahogoni, Ziziphus jujube and non-significant in Dalbergia sisso; whereas particle density has been observed significantly higher in Syzygium cumini followed by Swietenia mahogoni, Dalbergia sisso, Gmelina arborea and Ziziphus jujube has been found nonsignificant. The soil porosity has been found significantly higher in Syzigium cumini followed by Gmelina arborea, Swietenia mahogoni, Ziziphus jujube and Dalbergia sissoo; while the water holding capacity has been observed significantly higher in Gmelina arborea followed by Dalbergia sisso, Ziziphus jujube, Syzygium cumini and Swietenia mahogoni; whereas in case of percentage of sand, silt and clay it has been found non-significant in all the species. Thus, it indicates that the physical properties of the soil have been found improved in planted area. The findings of the experiment indicated that Soil pH, Organic Carbon (OC), Available Nitrogen (N), Available Potassium (K) increased in planted areas than non planted areas while Available Phosphorous (P) has been found higher in unplanted areas than planted area. The maximum value (6.07) of soil pH has been observed higher in Dalbergia sisso followed by Gmelina arborea, Swietenia mahogoni, Syzygium cumini and minimum (5.32) in Ziziphus jujube. The maximum value (0.45) in soil organic carbon has been found higher in Gmelina arborea followed by Dalbergia sisso, Swietenia mahogoni, Syzygium cumini and minimum (0.40) in Ziziphus jujube. The maximum value (496.64) of available nitrogen has been recorded in Dalbergia sisso followed by Syzygium cumini, Ziziphus jujube, Gmelina arborea and minimum (419.54) in Swietenia mahogoni; whereas maximum value (760.62) of available potassium has been shown in Swietenia mahogoni followed by Syzygium cumini, Gmelina arborea, Ziziphus jujube and minimum (714.38) in Dalbergia sisso. On contrary unplanted area has been found maximum value (15.22kg/ha) of available phosphorous in Dalbergia sisso followed by Swietenia mahogoni, Ziziphus jujube, Gmelina arborea, and minimum (14.5kg/ha) in Syzygium cumini. Overall, the nutrient status in all the species has been found in the sequential order as K>N>P. As per statistical analysis the soil pH, has been found significantly higher in Dalbergia sisso followed by Syzygium cumini, Ziziphus jujube, Gmelina arborea and Swietenia mahogoni; whereas soil organic carbon depicts significantly higher in Syzigium cumini followed by Gmelina arborea, Swietenia mahogoni, Dalbergia sisso, and Ziziphus jujube. Available nitrogen has been observed significantly higher in Syzygium cumini followed by Gmelina arborea, Ziziphus jujube, Dalbergia sisso and Swietenia mahogoni; while Available phosphorous has been shown significantly higher in Swietenia mahogoni followed by Syzigium cumini, Dalbergia sisso, Gmelina arborea, and Ziziphus jujube. The Available potassium has been found significantly higher in Syzygium cumini followed by Zizyphus jujube, Swietenia mahogoni, Dalbergia sisso and Gmelina arborea. As per the growth parameter of the tree is concerned, the both diameter and height have been found maximum (13.33 cm & 10.55 m respectively) in Sweitenia mahogoni, which is a fast growing species. But, in case of diameter, it has been followed by Gmelina arborea, Dalbergia sisso, Syzygium cumini and minimally (9.23 cm) Ziziphus jujube; while in case of height it has been followed by Gmelina arborea, Dalbergia sisso, Syzigium cumini, and minimum (7.62 m) in Ziziphus jujube. The crown width has been recorded maximum (5.62m) growth in Swietenia mahogoni followed by Dalbergia sisso, Syzygium cumini, Ziziphus jujube and minimum (3.67m) in Gmelina arborea. Therefore it may be concluded from the present investigation that physical properties of soils was improved considerably in planted area than that of unplanted area; the Soil pH, Soil Organic Carbon (OC), available nitrogen (N) and available Potassium (K) were found significantly higher in planted area compared to unplanted area . On contrast, the available Phosphorous (P) showed reverse finding being significantly higher in unplanted area. The finding of the results show an increasing tendency in the soil pH which indicates conducive for the tree growth.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TREE-SOIL INTERACTION STUDIES ON DIFFERENT SPECIES IN ARBORETUM
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2014) Birua, Bibek; Singh, S.K.
    The present experiment entitled “Tree-Soil Interaction Studies on Different Species in Arboretum” has been conducted in Arboretum of Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi planted in the year 2006. The work is planned with the objective such as to study the physiochemical properties of soil in selected tree species, growth parameter of different tree species, and to know-how the interrelation between soil properties and tree growth. Plantation which is seven years old in the arboretum had been done in block and since the blocks are not equal. The random sampling method has been adopted. The five tree species like Khair (Acacia catechu), Teak (Tectona grandis), Anola (Emblica offcinalis), safeda (Eucalyptus tereticornis), and Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) have been selected in the present studies. The soil physical properties such as soil texture, bulk density, soil porosity, water holding capacity and particle density have been analyzed. The chemical properties viz. soil pH, soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorous and available potassium have been determined. Besides these the growth parameters like height, diameter, and crown width have been recorded. The maximum value(1.611gm cm-³) of Bulk Density was found in Eucalyptus tereticornis followed by Tectona grandis, Acacia catechu, Emblica officinalis, and minimum (1.506gm cm-³) in Pongamia pinnata; while the maximum value(2.530gm cm-³) of particle density has been shown in Emblica officinalis followed by Acacia catechu, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tectona grandis,and minimum (2.329 gm cm-³) in Pongamia pinnata. In soil porosity, the maximum value (38.75%) in Emblica officinalis followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis, Acacia catechu, Pongamia pinnata, and minimum (35.35%) in Tectona grandis. Whereas the maximum value (38.6 ml/cm³) of water holding capacity was found in Tectona grandis followed by Acacia catechu, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Pongamia pinnata,and minimum(32.8 ml/cm³) in Emblica officinalis. The maximum value (62.6%) of percentage of sand was found in Pongamia pinnata followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis, Emblica officinalis, Tectona grandis, and minimum (57.2%) in Acacia catechu; while the maximum II value (28.9%) of percentage of silt has been found in Acacia catechu followed by Emblica officinalis, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tectona grandis, and minimum (25.3%) in Pongamia pinnata; whereas in case of percentage of clay, the maximum value(15.7%) has been found Tectona grandis followed by Acacia catechu, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Pongamia pinnata and minimum(11.5%) in Emblica officinalis. Statistically, the bulk density has been found significantly higher in Eucalyptus tereticornis followed by Pongamia pinnata, Tectona grandis, Acacia catechu, and Emblica officinalis; while Particle Density is significantly higher only in Tectona grandis and other species are nonsignificant. The Porosity has been found significantly higher in Acacia catechu followed by Pongamia pinnata, Tectona grandis and rest are non significant. The Water Holding Capacity is found significantly higher in Acacia catechu followed Pongamia pinnata and Tectona grandis, but other are non-significant. The sand percentage is found significantly higher in Acacia catechu and Tectona grandis; while others are non-significant; whereas in case of Percentage of Silt, it has been found significantly higher in Eucalyptus tereticornis followed by Pongamia pinnata & Emblica officinalis but Tectona grandis and Acacia catechu are non-significant. The Clay Percentage has been found significantly higher in Emblica officinalis; whereas other species are non-significant. Thus, a physical property of soil has been showed improvement in plated area. The results showed that the soil pH, Organic carbon (OC), available nitrogen (N), and available potassium (K) have increased in planted area than unplanted area; whereas available phosphorous (P) the higher value in unplanted area than planted area except Eucalyptus tereticornis. The maximum value (5.74) of soil pH has been found in Pongamia pinnata followed by Tectona grandis, Eucalyptus tereticornis and minimum (5.24) in Acacia catechu ;whereas in the soil organic carbon, the maximum value (0.40%) in Acacia catechu and Pongamia pinnata followed by Tectona grandis, Emblica officinalis as well as Eucalyptus tereticornis having minimum value(0.39%)., the maximum value (273.02 kg/ha) of available nitrogen has been found in Tectona grandis followed by Acacia catechu, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Pongamia pinnata and minimum (262.48kg/ha) in Emblica officinalis; while available potassium had III shown maximum value (504.97kg/ha) in Pongamia pinnata followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tectona grandis ,Emblica officinalis and minimum (445.22kg/ha) in Acacia catechu. In case of available phosphorous, it has been found more value in unplanted area than planted area except Eucalyptus tereticornis. It was found maximum (10.47kg/ha) in Eucalyptus tereticornis followed by Emblica officinalis, Acacia catechu, Tectona grandis, and minimum (6.91kg/ha) in pongamia pinnata.it has been found the nutrient status in all the species of planted area have the order like K>N>P. In statistical analysis, the soil pH is found significantly higher in Emblica officinalis followed by Acacia catechu, Tectona grandis, Pongamia pinnata and Eucalyptus tereticornis; while, the soil organic carbon is significantly higher in Pongamia pinnata followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis, Acacia catechu, Tectona grandis, and Emblica officinlis. The available nitrogen is found significantly higher in Eucalyptus tereticornis followed by Acacia catechu, Pongamia pinnata, Emblica officinalis, and Tectona grandis; whereas, the available phosphorous has been found significantly higher in Eucalyptus tereticornis followed by Tectona grandis, Emblica officinalis, Acacia catechu, and Pongamia pinnata; while, the available potassium is found significantly higher in Eucalyptus tereticornis followed by Acacia catechu, Emblica officinalis, Tectona grandis, and Pongamia pinnata. Both diameter & height have been found maximum (16.32 cm &14.8 m respectively) in Eucalyptus tereticornis which is fast growing exotic species, followed by Tectona grandis ,Pongamia pinnata, Emblica officinalis and minimum (5.56 cm &4.01 m) in Acacia catechu. The crown width has been found the maximum (4.38 m) growth in Pongamia pinnata followed by Eucalyptus tereticornis, Tectona grandis, Emblica officinalis and minimum (1.73 m) in Acacia catechu. Thus, it may be concluded that physical properties of soil have improved in planted area than unplanted area; The pH, soil organic carbon(OC), available nitrogen(N), available potassium(K) in the planted area is significantly higher than unplanted area; whereas in case of available phosphorous, it is lower in planted area than unplanted area except Eucalyptus tereticornis. It may be said that soil pH is increasing in the plantation area showing betterment for tree growth.