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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

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1996 - 199952000 - 20105
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Subject: Forest Business Management × End date: 2018 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the Growth And Yield Performances of Agroforestry System in Kumharia Village, Kanke, Ranchi
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Prabhat Ranjan Oraon; Dr.M.H.Siddique
    The results have been obtained for three types of agroforestry system (agrisilvicultural, silvipastoral and homegarden system) on farmer’s field which may be ascertained through systematic research plots, before making any recommendation to the farmers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Socio-Economic Upliftment of Villages through Agroforestry Schemes of Chakriya Vikas Pranali In Palamu
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1999) Ashok Vijay Minj; Dr.R.M.Srivastava
    ) The analysis of socio-personal and economic characteristics of the respondents of C.V.P. and control village revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to middle age group with nuclear type of family having medium size, high social participation in C.V.P. area observed. The study again supports the earlier observation that education is one factor which should be given top priority in the process of Agroforestry programme development. A considerable percentage of the respondents were having at least one pair of bullocks, improved plough and /or bullock cart, household items like chair, cycle, radio, sewing machine, etc.. livestock such as poultry, goatery, piggery, milch cattle etc. Land holding upto 5 acres in their possession and engaged either as farm labourer or cultivator. Notably most of the respondents belonged to medium socio-economic status. 2) Education has a definite positive relationship with the level of adoption and if we want to make our developmental programme to be more successful much more stress has to be given to the education of farm ers which will make them more innovative, skillful and abreast with knowledge of improved practices. Apart from education another most significant factor is extension contact/ social participation. Thus it is quite imperative that it is not only the input supply but regular service, guidance, training through extension contact is essential to ensure the success. 3) This study has proved that the farmers adopt the improved Agroforestry Practices mainly for the economic gain. Higher the economic motivation the more will be the favourable attitude towards the farming practices.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Economic Impact of Social Forestry Programme of Selected Villages In Palamau Through Chakriya Vikas Pranali
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1998) Praveen Kumar Singh; Dr.R.M.Srivastava
    Finally it is evident from the study that the N.G.O. has succeded in Improving overall social condition of the villagers to some extent through C.V.P by improving their educational level, bringing change in life style and improving the socio-economic status. The N.G.O. has helped in efficient utilization of degraded land which was devoid of vegetation. The plantation in C.V.P village has helped in providing fuel, fodder and poles in just 8 years. Asset of timber species have been created which will generate a good fortune, if maintained further till rotation period. N.G.O. has been successful in motivating the farmer to keep less number of cattle of good variety, diverting cowdung to field by promoting stall feeding and reducing use of cowdung as fuel. There has been reduction in instances of free grazing in C.V.P village over Non-C.V.P Thus we can see that the plantation has been successful in providing employment, yield in terms of fruit, fodder and fuel and also some poles which is helping in providing good cash returns. The study based upon the survey of four villages amounting to approximately 10% of the total area taken up by C.V.P project has revealed visible positive role of the C.V.P performance in terms of poverty alleviation, employment generation, proper land-use which all is expected to lead to a very good ameliorating effect on the site and environment of target area as a result of intangible benefit of the increasing green cover index due to social forestry plantations. A perusal of scenario of four villages reveals quite heterogeneous response, as for example in Kauria and Bhusariya the survival percentage of tree species was comparatively low reflecting lapses on the part of protection and post plantation care by the villagers. However in other two villages the result in this regard was quite encouraging. Several other parameters studied during the present work has also recorded distinct trends showing regional variations in the response of respondents but the personal Interview revealed appreciable amount of interest in simost all respondents throughout the study area. There is a need to further carry out very elaborate region specific exploratory works to record the factors responsible for low score of certain parameters.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of Three Provenances of Neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) At Seedling Stage
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1998) Lutharan Mahto; Dr.M.H.Siddiqui
    Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) due to its many fold utilities (Insecticidal, pesticidal, medicinal, germicidal, fungicidal, bactericidal etc. properties) has got much scope in tribal belt of Chotanagpur region, but important hurdle is about selection of a provenance for this region. In Bihar, experiments on study of provenances on Neem hawa not been done and there is no recommendation for specific provenances for this region. Therefore, scientific study for the evaluation of three provenances of Neem has been under taken. For this, three provenances namely Giridih (Bihar), Ranchi (Bihar) and Pudukottai (T.N.) were taken and data were collected on seed characteristics such as seed length, seed width, Kernel length, Kernel width and seed weight. Seeds were also sown in nursery to study seed germination (%) and seed germinate energy (%). The different growth parameters like seedling height, collar diameter, root length, total length of the seedling, leaf number, leaf area and seedling biomass (above ground, below ground biomass and total biomass.) were measured on seedlings planted at three spacing (20cm X 20cm, 40cm X 40cm and 40cm X 80cm) in field at 7,9 and 11-months age. The initial data for these parameters were also measured 5 months age i.e., at the time of transplanting seedlings.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Comparison of Biomass Of Eucalyptus Hybrid And ACACIA Auriculiformis (A.Cunn.Ex.Benth.) At Different Age
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 1996) Firoj Ahmed; Dr.M.H.Siddiqui
    The biomass study was conducted on two tree species namely Acacia auriculiformis (A. Cunn. ex. Benth.) and Eucalyptus hybrid at different age i.e., 5. 9, 10 and 11-years old stand at Rarha Research Station, Rarha, Ranchi. Growth parameters (diameter and height) and biomass were recorded at each age. Different regression equation models were tested putting D, D2 and D²H as independent variable in both simple linear equations and linear log-log equations. D or D² as independent variable, was found more suitable in both the species for predicting componental biomass (bole, branch, leaf & twigs and root). The biomass of bole, branch, leaf & twig and root of both species is found in increasing order with respect to increase in age. In Acacia auriculiformis maximum value of componential biomass was found at 11-years age, whereas in Eucalyptus hybrid the maximum value of componential biomass was at 9-years age. The total biomass obtained at 5, 9, 10 & 11-years age Acacia auriculiformis was much higher than the total biomass obtained at same age in Eucalyptus hybrid. The annual biomass production in Acacia auriculiformis was found higher. (11.01 t/ha/yr) over 11-years period than the annual biomass production in Eucalyptus hybrid (5.81 t/ha/yr).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of different provenances of Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) at seedling stage under varied nursery management conditions
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2007) KUMAR, SAMEER; Siddiqui, M.H.
    Pongamia pinnata, a multipurpose tree species raised on boundaries of agricultural field, wastelands/fallow lands and on degraded lands can be used as an alternative substitutes for bio fuel and for many other uses viz. pesticide, insecticide, medicine, for soap production, agricultural implements, tools handle etc. Karanj oil is used as lubricant, varnish, water paint binder for cure of skin diseases. Multiple use of Pongamia becomes helpful to increase rural employment, self-sustainability and to alleviate poverty for rural population. Being indigenous to Indian sub-continent, the climatic conditions prevailing in Jharkhand have much potential for its large scale plantation. However, no specific provenance or seeds source has been recommended for this region with respect to ease of establishment, good growth and more seed production. Therefore, a trial study for the evaluation of twelve provenances of Pongamia pinnata been undertaken. The twelve provenances included were Idukki, Kerala (P1), Waynad, Kerala (P2), Thrissur, Kerala (P3), Palakkad, Kerala (P4), Coimbatore, TN (P5), Krishnagiri, TN (P6), Madurai, Kerala (P7), Mettupalayam, TN (P8), Gadag, Karnataka (P9), Tumkur, Karnataka (P10), Patna, Bihar (P11), and Ranchi, Jharkhand (P12) The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design in polypots having three replications. Data were collected on seed characteristics (seed length, seed width, individual seed weight). Seeds were sown in nursery to study seed viability, germination percentage, and germinative energy percent. The different growth parameters (seedling height, collar diameter) were measured at 3 and 6 months age. At end of the experiment (after 6 month of seedling growth) root length, root-shoot ratio, dry biomass, sturdiness and Dickson quality index were calculated. The study on seed characteristic of twelve provenance have indicated maximum seed length for Tumkur, Karnataka provenance (P10), seed width of Thrissur, Kerala provenance (P3), and individual seed weight of Pallakad provenance (P4). Maximum seed viability, germination percentage and germinative energy were obtained for Ranchi, Jharkhand provenance (P12). The grading treatment showed maximum height for Gadag, Karnataka (P9) at 3 months age, whereas for Madurai, Tamilnadu (P7) provenance it was highest at 6month. On this basis, seedlings of twelve provenances were grouped into three – low height group (9.46 cm to 10.80 cm), medium height group (12.19 cm to 13.80 cm) and large height group (14.29 cm to 15.68 cm). In case of under lining treatment the Coimbatore, Tamilnadu (P5) provenance showed maximum seedling height at 3 month age, while in Thrissure, Kerala (P3) provenance maximum height was found at 6 month age. For various duration of sun light treatments more seedling height at 3 month age was for 1/4th day period of light in P12, whereas at 6 month age it was obtained for P5 (1/2 day period of light). On the other hand out of three watering schedule treatments maximum height at 3 and 6 months was observed for after two days watering treatment in case of Madurai, Tamilnadu (P7). Incase of 6 month old seedling, maximum seedling height for after two daily watering was notice for (P7) source. The seedling collar diameter for grading and underlining treatment at 6-month age was maximum in Mettupalayam, Tamilnadu (P8) and Maddurai, Tamilnadu (P7) source, respectively. In case of sun light and watering schedule treatment the seedling collar diameter after 3-month were maximum in Gadag, Karnataka (P9) and Thrissure, Kerala(P3),respectively, whereas after 6 month growth it was highest in Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, (P5) and Ranchi, Jharkhand (P12),respectively. Longer root length for grading treatment was found in Gadag, Karnataka (P9) provenance and root-shoot ratio approaching to 1.0 was obtained in case of P4, P7 and P10. Maximum root length was recorded for P10 source for under lining treatment. Root length of sun light and watering schedule treatment were maximum in Mettupalayam, Tamilnadu (P8) and Maddurai, Tamilnadu (P7), respectively. Balanced seedling in case of Tumkur, Karnataka (P10), Ranchi, Jharkhand (P12) and Patna, Bihar (P11) provenances was noticed under daily watering schedule. Maximum sturdiness for grading treatment was found in Gadag, Karnataka (P9) provenance, while minimum sturdiness was found in Patna, Bihar (P11) and highest Dickson quality Index were calculated for two provenances of Tamilnadu, i.e. for P5 and P6. For under lining minimum sturdiness is recorded for P10 and maximum Dickson Quality Index for P12 source. Incase of full day light treatment, Idukki, Kerala (P1) provenance showed less sturdiness. Dickson Quality Index for full day light treatment was found maximum for P5 source, whereas for 1/4th day period of light, it was for P4 and P12. In case of ½ day period of light, Dickson Quality Index of Gadag, Karnataka (P9) was found maximum. Maximum dry biomass for grading treatment was observed for two provenances i.e. Coimbatore (P5) and Mettupalayam (P8) and for under lining treatment it was found for P8 source. In case of full day light treatment, maximum dry biomass was found in P4 source. On the other hand maximum dry biomass per seedling was obtained for local provenance P12 under daily Watering. No significant correlation was obtained between none of the seed parameters and seedling growth parameters. The seed characteristics have indicated superiority of Tumkur, Karnataka (P10) provenance over all the other provenances. However, the performance of seed germination and seedling growth of Ranchi, Jharkhand (P12) provenance has indicated it suitability over other provenances.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Quantitative analysis of NTFPs in Mahilong and Horhap Forest Beats of Ranchi East Forest Division and their sustained management
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2007) Prasad, Indrajeet; Siddiqui, M.H.
    The forest products of less value as termed non-timber forest products (NTFPs) provide subsistence and income to the poor tribal peoples residing nearby forest areas especially during the lean seasons, as these are the source of food, fodder, fruits and medicines for such dependent populations. Therefore, NTFP covers all forest products other than Major Forest Products, which consist of timber, small wood and fuel wood. NTFP vary very considerably in kind as well as in value. They are a source of considerable revenue to the forest departments. In this way collection of NTFPs is a source of cash income, especially because of their increasing commercial importance. Of the total wage employment in forestry sector NTFPs have accounted for more than 70%, thus providing opportunity for self-employment to the forest dwellers. Nearly 60% of all recorded forest product revenues in India are generated by NTFPs, while unofficial estimates indicate the proportion is considerably higher. Most of Indian’s 50 million tribal people receive a substantial proportion of their cash and kind income from NTFPs. As the poverty is prevalent in almost all the rural areas of Jharkhand, various NTFPs provide very useful food components as well as source of income to the villagers, which have not been quantified earlier in a systematic way. This research experiment was conducted on two study sites namely Mahilong and Horhap beats under Mahilong Forest Range covering an area of 24109.93 ha. Eight villages were selected for collection of data the basis of 15% sampling intensity. In this way three villages (Jara Toli, Upper Tola and Burhi Bera) from Mahilong Forest Beat and 5 villages (Unnidih, Lali, Dimba Bura, Rarhu Jara, and Burhi Bera) from Horhap Forest Beat. The data collected has indicated following- (i) The population profile has indicated that Berkumba of Mahilong Forest Beat is most populated villages. (ii) The ST population was found resided in 7 villages, whereas ST and SC population were noticed only in three villages (Upper Tola, Berkumba and Unnidih). (iii) The occupational profile has indicated occurrence of four types of profession (agricultural labourers, daily wage labourers, service and business in 50 % of the study villages. However, the agricultural labourers dominated mostly. (iv) Twenty nine (29) plant species were found exploited for NTFP’s which included 13 tree, 10 shrub and 6 herbaceous species. (v) The density of Shorea robusta, Clerodendron infortunatum and Phyllanthus urinaria were found highest, (vi) Most preferred species are identified as Shorea robusta (Sal), Clerodendron infortunatum (Croton) and Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh). (vii) The destructive method of exploitation was found maximum in case of herbaceous species (83%), while its values were 60% and 54% for shrubs and tree species, respectively. The destructive methods included uprooting or cutting of branches, which have more adverse effect on sustained availability of a produce.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Influence of air pollution on growth of tree species of roadside plantations in and around Ranchi
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2008) XALXO, SANDHIR KUMAR; Siddiqui, M.H.
    Environmental pollution is one of the major problems threatening the growing population of the world during the past decades due to the rapid industrialization and urbanization. These two factors have resulted in profound deterioration of India’s air quality. The scientific evidences have proved that vehicular exhaust is a complex mixture of hazardous particles and vapours. Diesel and petrol exposure poses a significant and avoidable increase in human heart attack. The environment in which we are living is having major constituent’s viz. soil, water and air. An ideal environment is one which should have fresh air, pure water and noise free surroundings. Out of which, the air is a limiting factor in present day life in most of the cities of India. Vehicular exhaust is the primary cause (60 %) of air pollution in urban areas, followed by industries (20-30 %) and fossil fuel. The principle pollutants emitted by the vehicles are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen and suspended particulate matter. After the creation of Jharkhand state the vehicle number has increased tremendously in and around Ranchi city, which has resulted increased air pollution. The forest department has planted many species all along the roadside in various phases on almost all-important roads around Ranchi city. Like human being trees are also affected by air pollution, i. e. reduction in growth and abnormality in phonological features. In this respect a study was carried out to find out the growth of six trees species viz. Acacia auriculiformis, Cassia siamea, Dalbergia sissoo, Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea and Terminalia arjuna on 10 locations (Morabadi Maidan area, Dipatoli Cantonment area, Ranchi Airport Area, Ranchi- Pithouria Road, Ranchi-Ramgarh Road, RMCH campus Area, Ranchi-Tata Road, Ranchi-Muri Road, Ranchi-Khunti Road and Ranchi-Gumla Road). The data on different parameters were collected from April 2006 to June 2006. Perusal of data has indicated following- (i) The height as well as diameter growth of Acacia auriculiformis & Cassia siamea were less affected and their survival percentage on ii all selected study sites was more than 50 %. Species like Tectona grandis, Dalbergia sissoo, Gmelina arborea were found highly affected due to heavy dust load on the leaf/leaflets. (ii) All the six selected tree species seems to be affected due to heavy dust pollution along the highway like Ranchi-Tata road, Ranchi- Ramgarh road & Ranchi-Pithoria road. So it may be concluded that for more survival, height & diameter growth, species like Acacia auriculiformis & Cassia siamea may be planted along the road side to check the heavy dust load along the highway. (iii) Abnormality in growth of selected tree species was observed by number of branches, average leaf/leaflet area and percentage reduction from standard leaf/leaflet area. Species like Acacia auriculiformis and Cassia siamea have given significant number of branches towards and away from road side, while Tectona grandis, Dalbergia sissoo, Gmelina arborea and Terminalia arjuna produced lesser number of branches. (iv) Percentage reduction from standard leaf/leaflet area also affected by heavy dust pollution and it was maximum in the case of Tectona grandis, all along the highways, followed by Cassia siamea, Dalbergia sissoo and Terminalia arjuna, have shown lesser reduction from standard leaf/leaflet area. (v) All the highways like Ranchi-Tata road, Ranchi-Ramgarh road, Ranchi-Pithoria road, Ranchi-Muri road, Ranchi-Khunti road & Ranchi-Gumla road are observed to be highly polluted zone in descending order based on growth performance, abnormal branching behavior and dust load on unit area of leaf/leaflet of tree species. However, areas like Dipatoli Cantonment area & RMCH campus area are less affected.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of ten seed sources of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) saplings of 3 years age at zonal Research Station Chianki, Palamau
    (Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2009) KUMAR, ARUN; Siddiqui, M.H.
    The present experiment was conducted on a provenances/seed source trial of Dalbergia sissoo raised in 2005 in the field of Zonal Research Station, Chianki of Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi. Out of ten seed sources, seven seed sources were from Jharkhand and three were from Bihar state. Nursery grown uniform seedlings of approximately 45 cm length from different seed sources were planted in Randomized Block Design (RBD) in the month of July 2005 at a spacing of 2m x 2m in plot size of 6.0 m x 16.0 m. The data on different parameters such as Height (m), Diameter at breast height (cm), Clear Bole (without forking) height (m), Crown width (cm), Branch Angle (degree), Incidence of termite attack, Incidence of flowering, Mortality, Bole Volume (cu. m.) etc. were collected in month of August 2008, i.e. at the age of 3 years for all provenances/seed source using standard method. Comparison of different growth parameter of different seed sources was also made with that local Daltonganj seed sources. Maximum mortality (19.4%) was found for Daltonganj (P2) source and no mortality was found for Jamshedpur (P4) Source. The present finding indicates many variations in height of different seed sources at 3 years age. Maximum height (6.84m) was found for Garhwa, Jharkhand (P1) source. In comparison to Daltonganj seed source, Bhagalpur seed source showed less height, whereas other eight seed sources showed more height. Maximum d.b.h. (6.69 cm) was found for Jamshedpur, Jharkhand (P4) source followed by 6.35 cm for Garhwa, Jharkhand (P1) source, and minimum d.b.h. of 4.80 cm was found for Daltonganj, Jharkhand (P2) source. The percentage increase in Jamshedpur seed source over Daltongang seed source was found maximum 39.37%. ii The clear bole height of Garhwa (P1) and Sahebganj (P7) seed sources was found maximum (3.51m) and the percentage increase in bole height of Garhwa and Sahebganj seed source in comparison to Daltonganj seed source was 18.98%. In comparison to local Daltonganj seed source five seed sources showed more crown width, whereas other four seed sources showed less crown width. Over Daltonganj seed sources maximum percentage increase in crown width was for Deoghar seed source (20.00%). Out of the total seed sources, maximum average branch angle 55.22˚ was found for Sahebganj (P7) followed by 55.05˚ for Deoghar (P5) and minimum average branch angle of 45.17˚ was found for Katihar (P9) Source. The incidence of termite attack at basal portion was maximally (16.29%) was notice for Katihar (P9) source followed by 15.4% for Bhagalpur (P8) source and minimum occurrence of 9.9% was found for Daltonganj (P2) Source. The Katihar, Bhagalpur and Dumka seed sources showed more flowering occurrence as compared to local Daltonganj seed source. The flowering occurrences for Garhwa and Jamshedpur seed source were 32.45% and 83.42% respectively more than Daltonganj seed source. Maximum bole volume was found for Garhwa and Jamshedpur seed sources From the score matrix, the Jamshedpur seed source was found as best seed source for all the growth parameters followed by Garhwa seed source. However, the Ranchi and Bhagalpur seed sources scored lesser value (34) as compared to other seed source.