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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access CASE STUDIES ON AGRI-ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG TRIBALS IN JHARKHAND(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Kumar, Pankaj; Jha, B.K.Entrepreneurship assumes importance in the backdrop of declining employment opportunities in organized sector. The problem of unemployment in tribal areas is rampant which can be observed through heavy migration of tribal youth to urban areas. Hence, it was decided to conduct a study on “Case Studies on Agri-entrepreneurship among Tribals in Jharkhand” with specific of objectives viz. to study the agri - entrepreneurial environment and traits of identified tribal agri-entrepreneurs, to study socio-economic profile of identified tribal agri-entrepreneurs, to analyze the adoption of technology by the identified tribal agri-entrepreneurs, to analyze the economics of enterprise/s of identified tribal agri-entrepreneurs and to study the marketing strategies adopted by the identified tribal agri-entrepreneurs. The ex-post facto cum exploratory research design was adopted. Three tribal agri- entrepreneurs each were selected from Santhal, Oraon and Munda tribal communities. Only those tribal agri-entrepreneurs were selected whose income was above per capita income of India. The variables included age, education, size of holding, irrigation potential, family size, proximity with city, extension contact, social participation and entrepreneurial traits with the indices and scale already developed or developed under the study. The findings revealed that entrepreneurial environment was created by government and non-government organizations in which the contribution of bank was found important. Majority of the tribal agri-entrepreneurs were young with graduate degree. The entrepreneurial traits like endurance, internal locus of control and tolerance to uncertainty were found significant and important. The tribal agri-entrepreneurs involved in agriculture and horticulture enterprises adopted most of the recommended technologies, but gaps were observed in drip irrigation system and primary processing. Similarly, the gaps were also observed in recommendation of changing boar every year, management of piglet anemia and needle teeth cutting in case of piggery enterprise. All the selected tribal agri-entrepreneurs had pump set and drip irrigation system but the big machine i.e. tractor was owned by tribal agri- entrepreneurs with large size of holding. The net income of selected tribal agrientrepreneurs ranged from Rs.360174/- to Rs.1831684/-. Cent per cent selected tribal agri-entrepreneurs engaged in agriculture + horticulture sold their produce through mediator. Contrarily, the tribal agri-entrepreneurs engaged in piggery enterprise sold their produce directly to the consumers. The tribal agri-entrepreneurs received price less than MSP except kharif maize and pigeon pea. Similarly, for most of vegetable crops, the agri-entrepreneurs received price less than the lower range of wholesale price and their share in consumer’s rupee was found between 0.21 to 0.71. The entrepreneurial impact on personal and social life of tribal agri-entrepreneurs has been praiseworthy and they have been able to create substantial employment in rural tribal areas. It could be concluded from the study that tribal agri-entrepreneurs are emerging and sustaining but they are also suffering due to lack of adequate technology support and weak marketing system. With encouragement and required support, there could be favorable entrepreneurial environment which will solve the problem of unemployment and bring prosperity in tribal area.ThesisItem Open Access ACCESS OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION THROUGH MOBILE IN JHARKHAND(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2013) Ranjan, Rakesh; Jha, B.K.Mobile has emerged as important communication media in agricultural extension. A number of initiatives have been undertaken by government and non-government organizations. In Jharkhand the services of Kisan Call Centre and voice mail of IIFCO-Kisan Sanchar Nigam Limited are already going on. Birsa Agricultural University has developed guided SMS. Hence, it was thought prudent to conduct a study on “Access of agricultural information through mobile in Jharkhand” with the specific objectives viz. to study the use of different mobile applications by the farmers, to assess farmers’ preference about different types of media-text ,audio, image and video, to assess the quality of receptivity and applicability of different types of information received through different types of mobile applications, to ascertain association of mobile use ,access of agricultural information through mobile, information application and level of satisfaction in getting agricultural information through mobile with socio-personal and economic characteristics of respondents and to study the constraints associated with application of mobile in agricultural extension. The research design was ex-post facto. To make the study representative, Dumka, Palamu and E. Singhbhum districts were selected from agro climatic zone IV, V & VI respectively. One block each from these districts were selected on the criteria of number of IKSL service user and general agricultural development. Twelve respondents each from IKSL and non-IKSL category were selected. Thus sample size became 90. Fifteen independent variables viz. age, family education, social participation, extension contact, mass media and IT exposure, innovation proneness, attitude towards mobile, annual agricultural income, information needs, knowledge about mobile feature, level of aspiration about mobile, and monthly expenditure on mobile service and four dependant variables viz. mobile use, access of agricultural information through mobile, information application and level of satisfaction in getting agricultural information through mobile were selected which were measured through scales and indices already available or were developed under the study. The data were collected through pre-tested schedules. The collected data were analysed and interpreted through statistical tests like frequency, percentage, mean, correlation and regression. Result indicates that there was no significant difference between IKSL and non –IKSL categories of respondents as far as independent variables are concerned. All the respondents had knowledge and skill about call receiving feature. Nokia 1616 and Nokia 1800 were the predominant mobile sets with the respondents. Mobile use and information application were calculated to be 0.84 and 0.69 respectively. Video was the most preferred media. Most sought after, understood and applied information was disease control. Minimum loss from reception to application was reported in varieties. The selected variables could explain the variability to the extent of 25.5%, 63.0%, 41.6% and 47.4% in mobile use, access of agricultural information through mobile, information application and level of satisfaction in getting agricultural information through mobile respectively. Non-availability of mobile number of source emerged to be the most important constraint. Based on the findings of the study it could be concluded that mobile has the potential to transform the landscape of agricultural extension.
