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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
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ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF MUNG BEAN [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] GENOTYPES AGAINST MAJOR INSECT PESTS IN FIELD AND STORAGE(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) KUMAR, CHAMAN; Singh, P. K.Mung beans are a healthful source of protein, fibers and rich in vitamins and minerals. A large number of insect pests are attacking on mung bean throughout their growth period, which acts as limiting factor in production or grain yield, insect pests play an important limiting factor, particularly thrips, whitefly, jassid and pod borer complex in field while pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) is one of the major problems for increasing pulse production in India in terms of loss of seed viability and the infestation of pulse grain in storage. The weather conditions prevailing in the region play an important role in the occurrence and subsequent build-up of insect pests and their associated biotic agents. Thus, there is real need to develop area-wise the optimal methods of pest control by studying its population build up in relation to agro-eco factors and screen new varieties from time to time to identify the new promising lines suitable for specific environmental conditions for effective management of insect pests. Keeping this in view the present investigations were carried out on the topic entitled “Evaluation of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes against major insect pests in field and storage” The field experiments were conducted at Research Farm during summer 2018 and the storage experiment was carried out under the laboratory conditions at Department of Agricultural Entomology, Ranchi Agriculture College, Birsa Agricultural University Kanke, Ranchi, during September to October 2018. In correlation studies the population of thrips, whitefly and jassid were significantly correlated with maximum and minimum temperature, whereas borer complex was significantly positively correlated with minimum temperature and non-significantly positively correlated with maximum temperature. Population of thrips, whitefly and jassid non-significantly negatively correlated with maximum relative humidity but population of borer complex, showed non-significant positively correlated with maximum relative humidity. Thrips, whitefly and jassid population also showed non-significant correlation with minimum relative humidity. Whereas, borer complex showed significant positive correlation with minimum relative humidity, when the rain fall was taken in to consideration then population of thrips and whitefly showed non-significant correlation with rainfall, whereas jassid and borer complex showed positive correlation with rainfall. Among the 52 genotypes the genotypes [COGG 13-19 (3.0), PDM 139 (3.1), Pant M-2 (3.6), SML 669 (3.7), IPM 2-14 (3.7), Pusa 1831 (3.7), PM 14-13 (3.9) and COGG 13-39 (4.3)], [IPM 205-7 (1.3), IPM 410-3 (1.3), SML 1829 (1.2), Pusa 1841 (1.3), IPM 312-4 (1.3), Pant M-5 (1.6), TMB 136 (1.9), COGG 13-39 (2.1), SVM 61-61 (2.4), and KM 2355 (2.3)] and [IPM 312-4 (2.0%), COGG 13-19 (2.3%), IPM 2-14 (3.0%) and IPM 512-1 (3.3%)] were found promising against thrips/5 flowers, whitefly/cage and per cent pod damage (caused by borer complex), respectively. The study on evaluation of mung bean genotypes against pulse beetle in stored grain the lowest number of eggs were found in genotypes [SML 1829 (1.0), VGG 16-058 (1.0), IPM 2-14 (1.3), KM 2355 (1.3), SML 669 (1.3), VGG 16-036 (1.3), IPM 512-1 (1.7), MH 1320 (1.7) and Pusa Vishal (1.7)], whereas the lowest number of adult emergence was noticed in [IPM 2-14 (60), HUM 16 (61), SML 668 (70.3) and KM 2355 (71.3)]. In terms of per cent grain weight loss [HUM 16 (18.7%), IPM 2-14 (18.8%), MH 421 (19.9%), SML 668 (20.1%), COGG 13-19 (20.2%), KM 2355 (20.7%), SML 1829 (20.8%), SML 1082 (20.8%), COGG 13-39 (21.5%), MH 13-20 (21.7%), VGG 16-058 (22.1%), VMS 13-12 (22.2%), SVM 61-61 (22.2%) and SML 669 (22.4%)] genotypes were observed lowest per cent grain weight loss and the genotypes [IPM 2-14 (92%) and HUM 16 (89.7%] were showed highest per cent of seed germination.ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF YELLOW STEM BORER, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) INFESTING RICE(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) R., Sountharya; Prasad, Dr. RabindraRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important and vital component of our everyday diet. Yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) is a serious pest causing up to 10-60% of yield loss. Therefore, the current study entitled “Management of yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) infesting rice” has been undertaken in order to formulate an effective pest management strategy as an integral part of ICM of rice. Field experiments were conducted during Kharif season of the year 2018 to generate information pertaining to the effective management of yellow stem borer in rice. Among the various weather factors, maximum and minimum atmospheric temperature during the cropping season were found to be having a significant positive correlation with YSB’s activity in terms of both incidence of dead heart and incidence of white ear due to the attack of the pest. Twenty seven rice genotypes were screened for their resistance against YSB among which the highest grain yield of 43 q/ha was recorded in the rice genotype Shobini, even though, it received comparatively higher level of pest attack and it was at par with CR Dhan 701 (41.50 q/ha) in terms of grain yield. So, these two rice genotypes (Shobini and CR Dhan 701) may be rated as tolerant to YSB. TN-1, the susceptible variety succumbed to the highest pest attack with the lowest grain yield of 26.3 q/ha. Findings of the bio-efficacy evaluation trial of certain newer chemical insecticides against YSB showed that the ready-mix combination product of flubendiamide 240 SC + thiacloprid 240 SC @ 250 ml/ha recorded the lowest incidence of dead heart and white ear (2.07% DH and 2.30%WE, respectively). The highest grain yield to the tune of 45.00 q/ha was recorded in the insecticide flubendiamide 480 SC @ 50 ml/ha which was at par with the treatment involving the combination product of flubendiamide 240 SC + thiacloprid 240 SC @ 250 ml/ha (43.4 q/ha). The treatment consisting of foliar sprays with flubendiamide 480 SC @ 50 ml/ha proved to be the most cost-effective, with the highest net profit of Rs.19,760/ha along with the highest benefit cost ratio of 5.81:1 owing to the highest suppression of the incidence of YSB throughout the cropping season. The findings of the experiment for testing the bio efficacy of alternate application of the botanical and chemical insecticides indicated that the treatment involving the chemical insecticide flubendiamide 480 SC (@50 ml/ha) proved to be the most effective treatment against both dead heart and white ear caused by yellow stem borer, since it recorded the lowest dead heart (1.99%DH) and white ear (2.08%WE) values. The highest grain yield was recorded in the foliar application of flubendiamide 480 SC @ 50 ml/ha (43.6 q/ha) which was at par with the foliar spray involving flubendiamide 480 SC (@50 ml/ha) alternated with Nimbicidine 0.03% Aza. (42.7 q/ha) at 30DAT, 50 DAT and 85 DAT. It was also revealed that the foliar sprays with chemical insecticide flubendiamide 480 SC @ 50 ml/ha realised the highest net profit of Rs.16,423/ha with the highest B:C ratio of 5.67:1. In conclusion, utilizing resistant rice genotypes along with need based application of newer molecules of chemical insecticides alternated with botanical insecticides could be highly effective tool for the management of the yellow stem borer in rice, which is feasible for incorporation into the existing integrated pest management practices, resulting in appreciably higher yield of grains and increased net monetary returns.ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF LEAF FOLDER (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Guenee) INFESTING RICE(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Priya, Priti; Prasad, RabindraRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal crops worldwide. It is the major staple food in Asian country as well as India and the state of Jharkhand. India has the world’ s largest area under Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with 44.1 million ha and is the second largest producers of rice to the tune of 105.48 million tons in 2014-15, next to China (Anonymous, 2016). The crop is usually badly affected by half of a dozen of major insect pests. Out of these, leaf folder is one of the major insect pests of rice. It causes 30-80 % yield losses especially during epidemic situation. In order to manage rice leaf folder, the present thesis protocol “Management of leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Gn.) infesting rice” was undertaken with four major objectives namely monitoring of the pest, varietal screening of the pest, bio-efficacy evaluation of newer molecule of insecticide against the pest as well as use of HPR and need based judicious application of insecticide for management of the pest. The field experiments were conducted in the fields of Rice Research Farm of Birsa Agriculture University, Kanke, Ranchi during Kharif season, 2018. It was found that there was positive correlation between maximum atmospheric temperature and incidence of pest. The results of field studies on host plant reaction of 28 rice genotypes against leaf folder revealed that rice genotypes namely Sinna Sivappu, MSM-3, MTU 1245, Suraksha, RP-2068-18-3-5, MSM-1, MSM-2, W1263, KAUPTB 0627-2-11-14-15, Kavya were found promishing against the pest species, receiving damaged leaves due to the pest below 10 percent. The experimental findings also revealed that ready mix new combination of insecticidal product i.e. flubendiamide 480 SC plus thiacloprid 480 SC @ 250 ml/ha applied at 30 DAT, 50 DAT and 80 DAT (date of transplanting) could be found most effective insecticide resulting in the highest grain yield of rice (46.50 q/ha) with maximum benefit cost ratio (6.2:1) owing to the minimum incidence of rice leaf folder. The experimental findings revealed that use of host plant resistance (HPR) coupled with judicious application of newer molecule of insecticide i.e. flubendiamide 480 SC @ 50 ml/ha applied as foliar spray at 30, 50 and 80 DAT could be found highly effective in substantial reduction in the incidence of leaf folder which, in turn, realized appreciable enhancement in additional yield over the untreated control in all the five test varieties of rice amounting to 20.0, 16.10, 14.00, 11.22 and 10.10 q/ha in case of Lalat, IR 64 (drt-1), Sahbhagi Dhan, BVS-1, TN-1 respectively. In brief, it may be concluded that use of HPR (host plant resistance) coupled with judicious application of the appropriate insecticide could be highly effective for minimization in the incidence of leaf folder and optimization of realization of higher grain’s yield of rice, higher net return and B:C ratio with the least harm or no harm to the rice agro-ecologies.ThesisItem Open Access STUDY THE BIOLOGY OF RICE WEEVIL (Sitophilus oryzae L.) AND ITS INCIDENCE IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF STORED WHEAT(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Zarif, Mohammad; Kumar, BinayThe investigation on the biology of rice weevil on BG-3 variety and its incidence in different variety of wheat were carried out at PG Laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Entomology, of Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand from first week of March, 2018 to first fortnight of September, 2018. The results to study the biology of Rice weevil S. oryzae (L.) on BG-3 wheat. The incubation period in BG-3 variety ranged from 4 to 6 days with total average 4.85 days respectively. Adult male survived with out food for only 4 to 6 days with mean of 5.20 days respectively. The adult longevity of female without food ranged from 8 to 11 days with mean 6.70 days respectively. The adult longevity of male with food were ranged from 65 to 73 days with the average of 67.50 days. The adult longevity of female with food was ranged from 110 to 113 days with mean 111.5 days respectively. Preoviposition period was recorded 3.5 to 5 days with the total average of 4.25 days. The oviposition period ranged from 38 to 50 days with the average of 43.12 days respectively. The post oviposition period was recorded on BG-3 variety of wheat was ranged from 24 to 27 days with average of 25.25 days respectively. The fecundity of mated female ranged from 65 to 91 days with average of 75.05 days on during total life cycle. The total life cycle with food ranged on BG-3 wheat from 99 to 108 days with total average 102.50 days respectively. The Egg hatchability of rice weevil egg laying by 5 female ranged from 16 to 18 eggs with total eggs were 85 during 5 days egg hatched ranged from 10 to 13 with total 58 egg hatched, unhatched egg ranged from 5 to 6 with the total unhatched eggs was 27 eggs and hatchability percentage of eggs was ranged from 62.5 to 72.22 percent with total percentage was 68.14 percent. Highest main developmental period was recorded on variety of BG-3 (37.62) days. The maximum number of adult emergence was recorded in DBW- 14 showing 15.66 adult. The highest grain damage was recorded in DBW-14 (53.33%) Lowest grain damage of 38.25 per cent was recorded in K-2733 closely followed by BG- 3. The maximum per cent loss in grain weight was recorded in DBW-14(21.80%) and the lowest per cent loss in grain weight was recorded in BG-3 (14.38%).ThesisItem Open Access BIOLOGY, DAMAGE AND MANAGEMENT OF RICE WEEVIL, Sitophilus oryzae L. ON STORED RICE(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Pandey, Chitrangda; Kumar, BinayExperiments were carried out on biology, damage and management of Rice weevil, S. oryzae on stored rice in laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke during June to December 2016.The eggs were oval in shape with one end pointed and other end being round. Freshly laid eggs were translucent and white and became opaque before hatching. The length and breadth of eggs varied from 0.34 to 0.40 mm and 0.13 to 0.20 mm. Incubation period of eggs of S. oryzae was short and it varied from 3.25 to 6.5 days. Grub was apodous, short, stout,yellowish white with brown colored head. Grub development took place inside the grain. There were 13 segents with nine pairs of spiracles, one pair was on thoracic region and the rest were on abdominal segents. Grub period ranged from 24.5 to 29.5days. The dimension of larva ranged from 0.20 to 1.75 mm X 0.05 to 0.65 mm. Pupa was white to yellowish white; excrete with clearly visible head thorax and abdomen. Pupa measured 3.35 to 3.60 mm in length and the width measured 1.55 to 1.70 mm. newly emerged adults were reddish brown which become black at the time of egg laying. Adults were elongated, sub-cylindrical with four orange colored patches on elytra. Pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods ranged from 3.7 to 6.75 (Av. 5.17 ± 0.95), 25 to 45 and 15 to days, respectively. The fecundity ranged from 56 to 180eggsper female during its entire life cycle. The total life cycle consisted of 44.0 to 104.75 days.The mean per cent grain damage due to S. oryzae infestation in stored rice variety was observed maximum in BR-34 (74.41%). The mean per cent weight loss due to S. oryzae infestation in stored rice variety was observed maximum in BR-34 (50.34%). The minimum mean per cent grain damage (0.45%) was recorded in neem seed kernel powder @ 2.5 g/ 50g grain. The minimum mean per cent weight loss (0.47%) was recorded in neem seed kernel powder @ 2.5 g/ 50g grain. The maximum mean per cent mortality (67.10%) was recorded in neem seed kernel powder @ 2.5 g/ 50g grain.ThesisItem Open Access BIOLOGY AND ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF PULSE BEETLE (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) ON FIELD PEA (Pisum sativum L.) IN STORAGE(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 2019) Omarzai, Shir Ali; Chakravarty, Dr. M.K.Callosobruchus chinensis L. is a major stored grains pest of pulses in India that infests pulses in the fields also. An experiment has been conducted on two varieties (HUDP 15 and DDR 23) of field pea in the department of Entomology, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi (Jharkhand). The objectives of the study were to study the biology of pulse beetle in field peas and to study the management of pulse beetle applying of edible and non-edible oils. The biology of pulse beetle was investigated during July to November,2018 whereas management studies were conducted during December,2018 to January,2019. The average fecundity was maximum (73.20 eggs) on HUDP 15 variety and it was minimum (69.26 eggs) on DDR 23 variety of field peas. Maximum 67.10 per cent average eggs were hatched on HUDP 15 variety but it was as minimum 51.55 per cent on DDR 23 variety. The average range of larval + pupal period and adult longevity on HUDP 15 variety were from 19.66 to 33 and 7.5 to 10.66 days and from 20.66 to 36 and 6 to 9 days on DDR 23 variety of field pea. The average of damages that caused by pulse beetle during three generations on HUDP 15 variety was 50.63 per cent and it was 30.92 per cent on DDR 15 variety respectively. The grain protectants used in the study indicated that, all the seven oils/treatments viz. soybean, sunflower, mustard, coconut, karanj, castor and neem used @ 2ml, 3ml and 5ml/kg seed significantly reduced the number of emerged adults and extent of damaged after 45 days of treatment. The adult mortality of soybean, sunflower, mustard, coconut, karanj, castor and neem used @ 2ml/ kg seed was recorded from 33.30 to 89.99 per cent after 240 hours of treatment on both HUDP 15 and DDR 23 varieties. The adult mortality of soybean, sunflower, mustard, coconut, karanj, castor and neem used @ 3ml/ kg seed was recorded from 39.96 to 93.28 per cent after 240 hours of treatment on both HUDP 15 and DDR 23 varieties. The adult mortality of soybean, sunflower, mustard, coconut, karanj, castor and neem used @ 5ml/ kg seed was recorded from 63.28 to 96.62 per cent after 240 hours of treatment on both HUDP 15 and DDR 23 varieties respectively.ThesisItem Open Access OCCURRENCE OF INSECT PESTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT ON SUMMER MUNG BEAN (Vigna radiata) (L.)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2019) HANSDA, LAKSHMAN; Singh, P.K.The scientific name of mungbean is Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczeki. It is an important short duration pulse crop that is under cultivation since prehistoric time in India. Among the various factor for, its low production, insect – pests play an important limiting factor, particularly thrips, whitefly and pod borer complex are supposed to be of major insect pests. The research programme entitled “Occurrence of insect pests and their management on summer mungbean (Vigna radiata) (L.)” was carried out during summer, 2016 at BAU, Ranchi. The correlation co-efficient analysis indicated that maximum temperature and relative humidity influence the population of thrips positively. The maximum temperature and maximum relative humidity positively impact on whitefly population. The jassid population exhibited a significant correlation with maximum temperature and relative humidity The analysis of correlation co-efficient between population of pod borer and weather parameters revealed that among all the weather parameters, only relative humidity 2 P.M. showed significant positive correlation with pod borer. The incidence of defoliator has significant positive correlation with maximum temperature and negative correlation with maximum relative humidity. Out of the 42 genotypes screened, (Pant M2, NDM 15-1, NBPGR 150 and Pusa Vishal), (Pusa 1631, COGG 11-02, Pant M 5, Pusa 1601, LGG 450), (Pusa Vishal, Pant M 5, NBPGR 150 and NDM 15-1) and (Pant M 2, NDM 15-1, LGG 450, Pusa 1632, Pusa 1602 and CO 8) were found promising against thrips, whitefly, defoliator and pod borer complex respectively. The study on evaluation of insecticides revealed that seed treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @5ml/kg seed followed by foliar application of Indoxacarb 14.5 SL @ 65 g a.i./ha. or Seed treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @5ml/kg seed followed by foliar application of Thiomethoxam 25% WG @ 0.4 g/l able to cause significant suppression of major insect pests which resulted in low pests infestation of green gram with higher grain yield and higher net returns.ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PEST COMPLEX OF RICE(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Yadav, Munna; Prasad, RabindraRice is one of the most important staple food crops of India including the state of Jharkhand. The crop is usually badly affected by half of a dozen of major insect pests which cause substantial loss in yield in the state. Use of chemical insecticides is one of the most effective tool of pest management but it’s injudicious usage has too many side effects. Exploration of information for formulation of effective IPM tools of rice is the need of the hours. So use of eco–friendly tools of IPM namely HPR, suitable adjustment in dates of planting and use of eco-friendly insecticides is the need of present time for sustainable management of pests without harming the environment and ecosystem. Ample informations are lacking in the literature so far. Hence, the present thesis protocol “Management of insect pest complex of rice” was undertaken with five objectives and executed in kharif, 2016 and 2017. The abstract of the experimental findings are briefly mentioned here as under. Out of 18 prevailing insect pest species in rice ecosystem, six of them occurred as major pest’s complex viz. yellow stem borer, gall midge, leaf folder, gundhi bug, brown plant hopper and termite. The rice varieties viz., Suraksha, Kavya, Lalat, CR Dhan – 303, CR Dhan – 205, CR Dhan – 304, Sabhagi Dhan, IR-36 and Naveen appeared as resistant/tolerant to six major insect pest species where as Lalat emerged resistant to five major pest species and remained susceptible to leaf folder. Minimum incidence of major pests namely – YSB, gall midge, hispa, leaf folder and GLH was observed when the crop was transplanted at the earliest, but maximum incidence of gundhi bug observed at the earliest planted crop. Highest yield of rice (var. Sahbhagi Dhan) was also found when the crop was transplanted at the earliest. Efficacy of all the seven test botanical insecticides appeared to be almost at par in terms of reduction in the incidence of prevailing major insect pests viz. YSB, gall midge, hispa, leaf folder, GLH and gundhi bug. Achook (0.03 % Aza. EC) @ 2500 ml/ha proved to be the most effective in reducing the incidence of the prevailing major insect pests, which, in turn realized the highest yield of grains (49.70 q/ha) with appreciably net profit (Rs. 22,679.20/ha) and B:C ratio (3.28:1). The new ready mixed combination product viz. spinetoram 6SC plus methoxyfenozide 30SC @ 400ml/ha remained the most effective against almost all the prevailing major insect pests of rice, which, in turn found at par with the same ready mixed combination product of insecticides, spinetoram 6SC plus methoxyfenozide 30SC @ 375 ml/ha, flubendiamide 48SC @ 50 ml/ha and carbofuran 3G @ 30 kg/ha followed by foliar spray of triazophos 40 EC @ 1500 ml/ha against all the prevailing major insect pests of rice. The new combination product (viz. spinetoram 6SC plus methoxyfenozide 30SC @ 400ml/ha could be also responsible for realizing the highest yield of rice grains (48.40 q/ha) with appreciably higher net profit (Rs. 19,645.20/ha) and B:C ratio (4:1). As such, integration of various IPM tools i.e., HPR (i.e. resistant varieties) coupled with early planting of the crop, need based and judicious application of the Achook0.03 (% Aza. EC @ 2500) ml/ha and judicious use of the new combination product viz. spinetoram 6SC plus methoxyfenozide 30SC @ 400ml/ha could be highly effective components (tools) as integral parts of IPM/ICM for sustainable production of rice.ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF RICE GALL MIDGE (Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason)(Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6, 2018) Kumari, Alka; Prasad, RabindraRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one the most important staple food of the South- East Asia as well as India including the state of Jharkhand. Rice (Oryza sativa L., 2n=24) is grown in the state in around 18 lakh hectares. The crop is usually badly affected by half of a dozen of major insect pests. Out of these, gall midge is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice. It attacks the crop right from nursery to till the initiation of panicle emergence in rice plants. Use of chemical insecticides is one of the most effective tool of pest management but it’s injudicious usage has too many side effects. So use of eco–friendly and neem based tools of IPM namely HPR, suitable adjustment in dates of planting, and use of eco-friendly insecticides is a need of present time for sustainable management of pests without harming the environment and ecosystem. Judicious and need based use of chemical insecticides may also be employed as the last resort. Information on all these aspects are almost lacking in the context of the state of Jharkhand. Keeping all these facts in view the present investigation entitled “management of rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason)” was undertaken to explore the required and pertinent information pertaining to 5 set objectives of the thesis protocol. Accordingly, five experiments were conducted during kharif season of 2017 to explore the pertinent and significant information for management of rice gall midge in the context of the state of Jharkhand. The most active period of gall midge was found in 39th SMW i.e. 24th September to 30th September almost in all the three rice varieties i.e. TN-1, Suraksha and IR-36. The experimental results of field screening of 23 rice genotypes/ varieties against gall midge revealed that Kavya, W-1263, Abhaya, Phalguna, Suraksha and BG-380-2 emerged as resistant and promising against the insect pest, receiving silver shoot incidence almost below 5 percent in the present studies. Neem Baan (Aza. 1.0% EC), NSKE -5%, Neemazal (Aza. 1.0% EC)@ 1000 ml/ha, Achook (Aza. 0.03 % EC)@ 2500 ml / ha appeared to be relatively more effective against the pest species resulting in the realization of considerably higher grains yields of 34.03, 33.77, 33.60 and 32.70 q/ha respectively . The most effective chemical insecticide was the ready mix combination product of flubendamide 240 SC plus thiacloprid 240 SC (i.e. 480 SC) applied as foliar spray @ 250 ml/ha on need based basis which could be able to minimize the incidence of gall midge (8.95 % SS) that, in turn realized the highest grains yield to tune of 45.80 q/ha in rice (var. Swarna). The combined use of HPR and need based judicious and alternate foliar application of chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5 lit and NSKE-5 percent could be highly effective in reducing the incidence of silver shoot in the two resistant rice varieties viz. BG-380-2 (2.54 % SS ) and Naveen (2.83 % SS) as well as in three other popular rice varieties viz. PAC-801 (5.13 % SS), Sahbhagi Dhan (4.96 % SS) and BVS-1 (5.59 % SS) with significantly higher yield realization of grains as compared to the same respective varieties grown in the unprotected situation. Even, the susceptible variety, TN-1 could also be highly benefited by suitable protection measures in this regards. In nutshell, use of HPR (host plant resistance) coupled with judicious application of the appropriate insecticide could be highly effective for minimization in the incidence of gall midge, and optimization of realization of higher grain’s yield of rice with the least harm or no harm to the agro-ecosystem.
