Loading...
Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Browse
3 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF DIFFERENT FARMING SYSTEM MODULES ON INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN SIMDEGA BLOCK OF SIMDEGA DISTRICT (JHARKHAND)(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2012) Jojo, Neera Sabita; Singh, B.K.Farm diversification is advocated for reaping the gains of complementary relationship or equating substitution and price ratio for completing products. Farm diversification may also be used as a risk precaution and stabilize farm income. Diversification of crop farming along with livestock enterprises can play more significant role in increasing income and employment particularly on marginal and landless labourers and in meeting nutritional requirements. Farmers, in general, in India follow mixed crops and livestock farming system, because of strong linkage between these two. Besides land owing households, livestock also reared by a large number of other households, most of which belongs to poorer section of the society. Because of this, livestock wealth in India is more egalitarian compared to land and hence it is found to promote equity and livelihood security. In view of the importance of mixed farming system, it is important for decision making about the optimum level of livestock adjustment with the crop farming in total enterprises mix. It is essential that the farmers are guided about the profitable level of crop and livestock enterprises so as to maximize their income. Keeping this consideration in view, the present study was undertaken on 200 mixed farms selected from marginal, small and medium farms in Simdega block of Simdega district. Linear programming technique was used to prepare plans for the different production systems. The study pertained to the crop year 2008-09. Analysis of the data indicated that five types of production system were observed on the sample farms. It was observed that the dominating production system in the study area was crop + milch animals followed closely by crop+ goat production. Economic analysis of different production system indicated that the crop + livestock production systems yielded higher return per rupee investment of the order of Rs. 2.10, RS. 2.15 Rs. 2.16 on the respective marginal, small and medium size farms. The same trend was followed on crop enterprises and crop + pig production system. The overall analysis of farmers existing and various optimum plans of different farm categories indicated that existing cropping pattern of the farmers in all the three categories did not differ much but it was the level of various crop and livestock activities which varied on all farm situations. The optimum level of diversification with and without livestock was generated in the optimum plans, which indicated the efficient combination of different resources and enterprises. In the optimum plans, cropping intensity of all the three farm categories increased appreciably indicating that all available net cultivated area was under utilized under different farm activities. It was thus indicated that there existed great chances to increase the efficiency of farm by reallocation of existing resources, supplemented by purchased inputs and borrowed capital. The number of milch animals, goats and pigs on various sizes of farm in their optimum plan increased over existing plan in general. Further, under both the improved technology situations, the optimization of resources with livestock enterprises and availability of borrowed funds could appreciably increase the gross income and human labour employment on all the three farm situations. It was concluded from the analysis that the optimization of the fixed farm resources of the farmers of three categories have great potential of increasing the milk and meat production in the mixed farming system of the study area. The milk production potential in the study area could be increased by adoption of improved technology of crop and milk production.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION, MARKETING AND EXPORT POTENTIAL OF SELECTED VEGETABLES IN RANCHI DISTRICT OF JHARKHAND(Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 2009) SAHA, KOUSIK PRASUN; Singh, R.P.Vegetable crops are essential part of our daily diet for maintaining the physiological processes and metabolic activities of human body. These crops also play an important role in the farm economy of our country as they give much higher yield as compared to field crops and generate sustainable employment during the labour intensive cultivation process. There are also possibilities for earning valuable foreign exchange by exporting vegetables to other countries during different seasons. Thus the present study was undertaken to study the economics of production, marketing and export potential of vegetables in Ranchi district of Jharkhand. For this purpose, a sample of 150 farmers (109 marginal and 41 small) were selected from six villages and two blocks of Ranchi district. The study revealed that the cost of cultivation per hectare was Rs. 35631.35 for potato, Rs. 24744.74 for okra, Rs. 24235.67 for Kharif season cauliflower, Rs. 24378.86 for Rabi season cauliflower, Rs. 23784.45 for onion, Rs. 22355.39 for Kharif season tomato and Rs. 22193.72 Rabi season tomato, on the marginal farms and Rs. 32898.91 for potato, Rs. 22614.85 for okra, Rs. 21148.83 for Kharif season cauliflower, Rs. 21783.28 for Rabi season cauliflower, Rs. 21114.12 for onion, Rs. 19699.71 for Kharif season tomato and Rs. 19739.06 for Rabi season tomato per hectare, on the small farms. The yields of these crops were observed as 145.79, 113.60, 115.22, 125.17, 116.98, 114.91 and 133.29 quintal per hectare, respectively on the marginal farms and 149.49, 128.85, 118.40, 128.45, 129.54, 117.52 and 136.35 quintal per hectare on the small farms. The marginal farmers were obtaining a net income of Rs. 30119.94, Rs. 86015.26, Rs. 214500.17, Rs. 62238.78, Rs. 36811.19, Rs. 81293.43 and Rs. 55514.34 per hectare, respectively whereas, the small farmers were enjoying a net income of Rs. 34521.08, Rs. 103013.90, Rs. 224175.97, Rs. 67104.12, Rs. 45987.60, Rs. 86303.33 and Rs. 59752.99 per hectare, respectively from cultivation of these crops. The input output analysis revealed that expenditure on seed, manures and fertilizers and irrigation expenses were having significant influence on yield of potato, okra and onion whereas, the expenditure incurred on seed and manures and fertilizers were significantly influencing the yield of cauliflower and tomato on different categories of farms. Thus it was recommended to increase the level of use of these inputs for maximization of profit. The vegetables produced on the sample farms were marketed through various channels of marketing i.e. ‘producer-consumer’, ‘producer-retailer-consumer’ and ‘producer- wholesaler/ commission agentsretailer- consumer’ etc. The producers share on consumers rupee was the highest on the first channel and the lowest on the third channel from marketing of potato, okra, onion and tomato however, the third marketing channel offered the highest producers share from marketing of cauliflower as the entire Kharif season cauliflower were sold through this channel to the markets located in Kolkata city at a very premium price. The functional analysis for marketed surplus revealed that the most influencing factor for the marketed surplus of the selected vegetables was level of production for all crops however, annual income and price in potato, family size in okra and family size and annual income in cauliflower was also affected the marketed surplus of these vegetables. The study revealed that a huge quantum of additional production is possible by bridging the yield gap between farmers’ field and demonstration plot for these vegetables which can be exported to potential overseas markets at certain periods of the year. However, certain quality criteria imposed by the respective importing countries and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) criteria should be strictly followed for making an entry into the global markets.ThesisItem Open Access Possibilities For Increasing Production, Income And Employment On Tribal Farms In Kanke Block Of Ranchi District, Jharkhand(Birsa Agricultural University;Ranchi, 2003) Sinha, Arun Kumar; Pandey, R. K.