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Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya
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ThesisItem Open Access Seasonal abundance of major insect pests and Integrated Pest Management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-07-29) Kumar, Akshay; Chandra, UmeshThe present investigation entitled “Seasonal abundance of major insect pests and Integrated Pest Management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee” has been proposed to be carried out at Students’ instructional Form of A.N.D.U.A. & T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) d Kharif season, 2019 and 2020. The maximum and minimum shoot infestation 31.85 and1.32 per cent was observed during 43rd SW and 35th SW of Kharif season, 2019, respectively. The maximum and minimum shoot infestation 36.84 and 0.80 per cent was recorded during 43rd SW and 35th SW Kharif season, 2020, respectively. The maximum and minimum fruit infestation 34.26 and 2.35 per cent was recorded during 46th SW and 39th SW Kharif season, 2019, respectively. The maximum and minimum fruit infestation 38.24 and 2.12 per cent was observed during 46th SW and 39th SW Kharif 2020 respectively. Spider highest mean population 3.42 spider/plant was noticed at fruiting stage followed by flowering stage (1.73 spider/plant), vegetative stage (1.12 spider/plant) and seedling stage (1.01 spider/plant) respectively, during Kharif 2019 and Kharif 2020. Ladybird beetle highest pooled mean population 4.99 beetles/plant was observed at fruiting stage followed by flowering stage (4.73 beetles/plant), vegetative stage (3.32 beetles/plant and seedling stage (1.75 beetles/plant) respectively, during Kharif 2019 and Kharif 2020.Shoot infestation per cent revealed a highly significant negative correlation with the minimum temperature (r= -0.465 and -0.951), non-significant negative correlation with maximum temperature (r= -0.044 and -0.281), during Kharif 2019 and 2020, non-significant negative correlation with relative humidity (r= -0.147) and (r= -0.139) and rainfall (r= 0.322) and (r= 0.254) showed non-significant with positive correlation during Kharif season, 2019 & Kharif season, 2020. Average duration of L. orbonalis from egg to adult emergence on brinjal during 2019 and 2020 at 30 ºC and 60% RH in case of male was ranged 21-27 and 21-27 days with a mean of 24.15 ±0.828 and 25.70 ± 0.613 days respectively. Average duration of L. orbonalis also showed that the total life cycle during 2019 and 2020 at 30 ºC and 60% RH in case of female was ranged 23-31 and 23-31 days with a mean of 26.68 ±0.914 and 27.77± 0.283 days respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of tillage, fertility levels and weed management on late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-07-29) Kanaujiya, Pradeep Kumar; SIngh, R.P.A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive rabi seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20 at the Agronomy Research Farm of the Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.). The field experiment way laid out in split plot design assigning two tillage practices viz., Conventional tillage (3 ploughing) and Zero tillage (ferti-cum-seed drill) alongwith three fertility levels viz., 100% RDF (120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1), 75 % RDF + 25% RDN- FYM (6 t ha-1) and 50% RDF + 50% RDN- FYM (12 t ha-1) in main plot. Each main plot was further divided into four sub plots to accommodate sub plot treatments i.e. weed management practices comprising Weedy check, Weed free upto 60 DAS, Sulfosulfuron @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 (POE) and Sulfosulfuron @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 + Metsulfuron @ 4 g a.i. ha-1 (POE) - Ready mixture. Thus a total of 24 treatment combinations were tested in the study and were replicated thrice. The soil of the experimental field was silty loam in texture having slightly alkaline in reaction, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, but medium in available phosphorus and potassium during experimentation. The total rainfall experienced during the crop growth season was 65.5 mm in 2018-19 and 228.4 mm in 2019-20. K-7903 (halna) variety of wheat was used for sowing of the experiment. Tillage, fertility levels and weed management were done as per treatment. Other crop management practices were followed as per the recommendation of the area. Among the tillage practices, zero tillage had a significant influence on weeds, crop growth, yield attributes and yield along with nutrient uptake of wheat during both the years. In case of fertility levels, application of 100% RDF (120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1) exerted significantly less weed density, weed dry matter, weed index and higher weed control efficiency, crop growth, yield attributes and yield, nutrient content and their uptake along with protein content during both the experimental years. Weed free upto 60 DAS recorded significantly less weed density, weed dry matter, weed index and higher weed control efficiency, crop growth, yield attributes and yield, nutrient content and their uptake along with protein content during both the experimental years. Economically, combined application of M2F1W2 (Zero tillage with application of 100% RDF (120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1) under weed free upto 60 DAS). However, higher net returns and B: C ratio were obtained with combined application of M2F1W4 (Zero tillage with application of 100% RDF (120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1) under post emergence application of Sulfosulfuron @ 30 g a.i. ha-1 + Metsulfuron @ 4 g a.i. ha-1 (POE)-Ready mixture) was proved superiority in terms of net returns and B: C ratio of wheat over rest of the treatments during both the years.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular characterization and Seroprevalence studies on equine haemoprotozoan diseases with special reference to Trypanosoma evansi(ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-07) Pal, Dr. Vijendra Kumar; Singh, Dr. AmitEquine haemoprotozoan diseases have negative impacts on health status and working efficiency of equines in different areas of the world including India. A cross sectional study was conducted in twenty seven districts of three agro-climatic zones of Eastern region, Uttar Pradesh, India during February, 2020 to February, 2021 to evaluate the prevalence (parasitological, molecular and serological) study, epidemiological relative risk factors, molecular characterization of equine haemoprotozoans and T. evansi parasite clearance efficacy of trypanocidal drugs in equine population. A total of 524 equines (381 horses, 50 donkeys and 93 mules) blood samples of both sex and different age groups were collected for the present study. The overall prevalence of T. evansi and T. equi was 8.01% and 5.15 % by microscopic method, 12.98 % and 19.85 % by PCR method and 17.56 % and 41.79 % by ELISA assay, respectively in the entire study area. The assessment of epidemiological relative risk factors associated with PCR and ELISA techniques revealed that mule and donkey population was at 5.34 and 3.69 times more prone to T. evansi infection as compared to the horses. The young animals and equines used for bricks kiln purpose were at 1.93 and 1.54 times more chances of T. evansi infection as compared to the adult and equines used for other transport purpose, respectively. North eastern plain zone and Vindhyan zone equines were at 1.34 and 1.09 times more susceptible to T. equi infection as compared to the equines of the Eastern plain zone of study area. Mule and donkeys were at 1.37 and 1.25 times whereas helminthes infested equines were at 1.42 times more prone to infection as compared to the horses and helminthes free equines in study area. Multiple alignment of nucleotide sequence of ITS1 and 18S RNA gene variants from Eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, Indian, T. evansi and T. equi showed homology with database sequences of GenBank. No trypanocidal drug was found to completely eliminate parasites with single recommended dose. Isometamidium chloride was recorded more effective than rest of the selected trypanocidal drugs.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF SUPPLEMENTATION ON PERFORMANCE IN BROILER CHICKENS(ANDUAT, Kumarganj,Ayodhya, 2021-07) Verma, Dr.Ajeet Kumar; Pramanik, P.S.Moringa leaf supplemented birds had highest body weight. BWG, growth rate and ADG were significantly (P0.05) difference among the groups. The leg portion of MOLP1.5 group was significantly (P<0.05) lower than rest of the groups. Drumstick and neck portion did not reveal any significant difference among groups. Breast portion of broiler in MOLP1 group recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher percentage yield. The economic efficiency of PC and moringa supplemented group was significantly (P<0.05) higher than NC group birds. The result revealed significant (P<0.05) reduction in oxidative stress level in moringa supplemented groups as compared to control group birds.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic analysis for yield and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during timely and late sown conditions(ANDUAT,Kumarganj,Ayodhya, 2021-12-10) Neha, Neha; Nath, ShivaThe present investigation entitled “Genetic analysis for yield and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during timely and late sown conditions” consisted of 15 lines and 4 testers, were used to make crosses in the fashion of “line × tester” mating design (Kempthorne, 1957), during 2019-20. All crosses (F1’s) along with lines and testers (including two checks) were evaluated in RBD with three replications during Rabi, 2020-21. The observations were recorded on 11 characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), primary branches plant-1, secondary branches plant-1, pods plant-1 , seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight, biological yield plant-1 (g), seed yield plant-1(g) and harvest index (%). Analysis of variance was found significant for all the eleven traits studied under both the environmental .i.e. timely (E1) and late (E2) sown condition, and that for combining ability indicated that both the additive and nonadditive gene actions were important for expression of the traits. In case of E1 as well as E2 environment the high estimates of PCV as well as GCV (> 25 %) were recorded for traits number of seeds per pod, biological yield and seed yield per plant. High estimates of broad sense heritability (>75 %) were obtained for all the traits under both the environments. The estimates of genetic advance as per cent of mean were high (>20 %) for all the studied traits in both the conditions except the trait days to 50% flowering in late sowing environment (E2) and days to maturity in both the environments. High heritability and high genetic advance for the traits Plant height (cm), No. of pods per pod, Biological yield (g) and Seed yield per plant (g) in both environments indicated the presence of additive genes in the trait and suggested reliable chickpea improvement through selection of the traits. GCP 105 in E1 condition and Pant G 186 in E2 condition were ranked as best tester as it had good general combining ability yield attributes including grain yield per plant. Among the lines, ICCV 10, JG 11, JG 14, NDG-11-12, Phule G 5, BG 362, and Vaibhav displayed positive and highly significant gca effects.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT AND MULCHING ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L.) AND SOIL QUALITY IN PARTIALLY RECLAIMED SODIC SOIL(ANDUAT,Kumarganj,ayodhya, 2021-12-02) Diwakar, Sandeep Kumar; Kumar, NeerajAn experiment on “Effect of integrated nutrient management and mulching on yield and quality of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and soil quality in partially reclaimed Sodic Soil.’’ was carried out during Rabi session 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Agronomy Research Farm, of A.N.D.U.A&T. Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.). The experiment was consists of fourteen treatments i.e. T1- Control (NO NPK + NO Mulching), T2- 100% NPK + NO Mulching, T3- 75% NPK + N-25% (FYM) + NO Mulching, T4- 100% NPK+ Sulphur @40 kg + NO Mulching, T5 -100% NPK+ ZnSO4 @25 kg + NO Mulching, T6 - 75% NPK+ N-25% (FYM) + Sulphur @40 kg + NO Mulching, T7 -75% NPK+ N-25% (FYM) + ZnSO4 @25kg + NO Mulching, T8- Control + mulching @ 5 t/ha-1, T9-100% NPK + Mulching @ 5t/ha-1, T10 - 75% NPK + N-25% (FYM) Mulching @ 5 t/ha-1, T11 - 100% NPK+ S @ 40 kg + Mulching @5 t/ha-1, T12 -100% NPK+ ZnSO4 @ 25 kg + Mulching @ 5 t/ha-1, T13-75% NPK+ N-25% (FYM) +S @ 40 kg + Mulching @5 t/ha-1 and T14 -75% NPK+ N-25% (FYM) + ZnSO4 @25kg + Mulching @5 t/ha-1 treatments were laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The initial properties of soil was silty loam in texture, well drained, having pH (8.20), EC (0.25 dS/m), organic carbon (0.33%) available N (137 kg ha-1), available P (15.35 kg ha-1), available K (249.25 kg ha-1), available sulphur (15.35 ppm) at commencement of the experiment. The variety Varuna was sown proper moisture stage on 20th October, 2018-19 and 27th October, 2019-20. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied throw Urea, SSP and Muriatic of potash @ 80, 40 and 20 kg ha-1, respectively. As per experiment the results revealed that the growth attributes, yield attributes and yields, nutrient content and uptake, soil properties and economics were affected by different INM and mulching practices. The maximum values of growth attributes was recorded with the treatment T13 at all growth stages. The maximum yield attributes and yield viz., number of siliquae plant-1, length of siliquae, number of seeds siliqua-1, test weight, seed yield (21.05 and 22.08 q ha-1), stover yield (49.42 and 51.43 q ha-1) and harvest index (29.90 and 30.87 %) were recorded under the treatment T13-75% NPK+ N-25% (FYM) +S @40 kg + Mulching @5 t/ha-1.in both the years. Similarly, the maximum uptake by mustard crop was also recorded under the under the treatment T13 during both years. Economic evaluation of the treatments revealed that maximum cost of cultivation (Rs. 39101.00 and 40526.00 ha-1), gross return (Rs. 88509.00 and 92835.00 ha-1), net return (Rs. 49408.00 and 52309.00 ha-1) was calculated with the treatment T13- 75% NPK+ N-25% (FYM) +S @40 kg + Mulching @5 t/ha-1 while, maximum B:C ratio (1.32 and 1.45) was found with the treatment T6 - 75% NPK+N-25% (FYM)+ 40 kg S + NO Mulching. The maximum buildup of organic carbon content (%), maximum availability of soil nutrients (NPK kg ha-1 and S ppm) and microbial population were found under the treatment T13.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative studies of botanicals and new molecules on storability and field establishment in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilzeck)(ANDUAT,Kumarganj,Ayodhya, 2021-02-28) Bhati, Jitender; Singh, R.B.The present investigation entitled “Comparative studies of botanicals and new molecules on storability and field establishment in mungbean {Vigna radiata (L.) Wilzeck}” was carried out in Complete Randomized Design in Laboratory under ambient storage condition and field experiment under Randomized Block Design with three replications. A comparative study of botanicals and new molecules on storability and field establishment in mungbean {Vigna radiata (L.) Wilzeck} of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) under Seed Entomology laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya during 2019 and 2020. Sixteen included control, newer insecticides and botanicals viz. Emamectin benzoate @ 40.0 mg/kg1 seed, Spinetorum @ 8.5 mg/kg-1 seed, Sivanto prime @ 0.01 ml/kg-1 seed, Karanj oil@ 5ml/kg seed, Castor oil @ 5 ml/kg seed, Sunflower oil @ 5 ml/kg seed, Mustard oil @ 5 ml/kg seed, Sesamum oil @ 5 ml/kg seed, Neem oil @ 5 ml/kg seed, Neemoz gold @ 5 ml/kg-1 seed , Coconut oil @ 5 ml/kg seed, Neem leaf powder @ 5g/kg seed, Neem kernel powder @ 5g/kg seed and Gorakhmundi powder @5g/kg seed as seed protectants along with Deltamethrin 2.8 EC @ 0.04ml/kg seed as check and control (Untreated) were tried to evaluated under ambient condition. The observations were taken in respect to percent seed moisture content, percent seed germination, speed of germination, shoot length (cm), root length (cm), seedling length (cm), seedling dry weight (g), vigour index-i, vigour index-ii, percent seed damage, percent loss of seed weight and field condition on evaluation of percent field emergence and crop establishment. The results revealed that among the tested seed protectants, Emamectin benzoate @ 40 mg/kg-1 seed followed by Sivanto prime @ 0.01 ml/kg-1 seed, Spinetorum @ 8.5 mg/kg-1 seed, Neemoz gold @ 5 ml/kg-1 seed and Karanj oil @ 5ml/kg seed were found most effective treatment against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) on storability of mungbean due to least percent seed damage and percent loss of seed weight with high percent seed germination under ambient storage period. Similarly the well maintained percent field emergence and crop establishment in mungbean for long term (up to 6 months) under environmental condition.ThesisItem Open Access Seasonal incidence of major insect-pests of pigeonpea and management of pigeonpea pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch(ANDUAT,Kumaragnaj, ayodhya, 2020-10-19) Yadav, Sachin Kumar; Kumar, PankajThe present investigation entitled “Seasonal incidence of major insect-pests of pigeonpea and management of pigeonpea pod fly Melanagromyza obtusa Malloch” were carried out for two consecutive crop seasons i.e., Kharif, 2018-19 and 2019-20. Maximum larval population of Helicoverpa armigera was observed in 12th (7 .36 larvae / 5 plants) and 11th (9.20 larvae / 5 plants) standard week whereas it was minimum in 47th (0.20 larvae / 5 plants) and 1st (0.12 larvae / 5 plants) standard week, respectively whereas highest population of Exelastis atomosa was observed in 11th and 10th SW and lowest population was observed in 6th & 15th and 4th SW, respectively during both the year. Clavigralla gibbosa population attained the peak during 7th and 8th SW and minimum population was observed during 16th and 2nd & 16th SW and the peak larval population of Lampides boeticus was recorded in 10th SW during both the years. The lowest population was observed in 14th and 15th SW during 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. The peak period of occurrence of M. obtusa maggot and pupae was observed in 9th & 12th SW and 11th & 12th SW during both the year, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the incidence of Helicoverpa armigera, Exelastis atomosa, Clavigralla gibbosa, Lampides boeticus and maggot of M. obtusa with abiotic factors showed both positive as well as negative relationships at non significant level during both the years. The correlation coefficients between the pupae of M. obtusa and weather factors had significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (0.621* & 0.716*), maximum temperature (0.588* & 0.516*) and sunshine hour (0.600* & 0.561*) while relative humidity showed significant negative correlation (-0.681* & -0.646*) and rainfall had non significant negative correlation in both the years, respectively. During Kharif, 2018-19 the Torymoides spp. and Ormyrus orientalis spp. was recovered for the first time from the pods collected on second fortnight of February and the level of parasitization was 14.28 per cent. The parasitization increased on first fortnight of March and reached to its maximum level 25.71 per cent. During Kharif, 2019-20, the maximum parasitization on first fortnight of March and reached to its maximum level 25.00 per cent. Out of 30 germplasm of pigeonpea evaluated against Melanagromyza obtuse, only three germplasms viz. ICP 8863A, ICP 6443 and JBT 46-61 were found moderate resistant against pigeonpea pod fly. None of the germplasm fell under highly resistant category during both the years of study. All the treatments were significantly superior over the control when observations on per cent pod damage were taken at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after treatment. Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 30 g a.i./ha was found best in reducing pod damage caused by Melanagromyza obtuse. Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 11 g a.i./ha was the second best treatment in both the year. The maximum cost benefit ratio of 1:14.56 was obtained from the plots treated with Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 30 g a.i./ha followed by Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @11 g a.i. /ha (1:13.62). The minimum (C:B) ratio of (1: 5.81) was obtained Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 20 g a.i./ha treated plots.ThesisItem Open Access Depth wise studies of soil properties as affected by different agroforestry system(ANDUAT,Kumarganj, Ayodhya, 2021-08-17) Kumar, Deepak; Kumar, SureshSoil Sampling was done on GPS basic Investigation area of the agro Forestry farm to evaluate the effect of plantations of tree species and cropping systems on soil Physico-chemical and biological characteristics and their correlations and carbon sequestration.