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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZERS AND ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-05) SINGH, VIKRAM; SHARMA, H RABSTRACT The present study entitled, “Effect of biofertilizers and organic amendments on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.)” was carried out at experimental farm of Department of Vegetable Science, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during the years 2016-17 and 201718. Ten treatment combinations viz., T1- 100% RDN, T2- 90% RDN + Panchagavya (5%), T3- 90% RDN + Jeevamrut (5%), T4- 90% RDN + Panchagavya (5%) + Jeevamrut (5%), T5- 80% RDN + Panchagavya (5%), T6- 80% RDN + Jeevamrut (5%), T7- 80% RDN + Panchagavya (5%) + Jeevamrut (5%), T8- 70% RDN + Panchagavya (5%), T9- 70% RDN + Jeevamrut (5%) and T10- 70% RDN + Panchagavya (5%) + Jeevamrut (5%) which were comprised of three bulky organic manures viz., farm yard manure, vermicompost, sheep and goat manure and two liquid organic inputs i.e. Panchagavya and Jeevamrut and two biofertilizers i.e. Azotobacter and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria arranged in randomized block design have three replications. One hundred eighty plants were accommodated in a 2 m x 2 m plots at a spacing of 20 cm x10 cm. Good quality garlic cloves were selected from the seed material and were sown on in thirty plots. Maximum plant height (67.23 cm) , days to harvest (214.33) , clove size (3.08 cm2), number of cloves per bulb (13.82) , bulb weight (53.36 g), bulb diameter (5.03 cm), bulb yield per plot (9.22 kg), bulb yield per hectare (184.33 q) and dry matter content (48.17 %) were observed under T4comprising of 90% RDN + Panchgavya @5% + Jeevamrut @ 5%. Similarly, the maximum soil pH (6.90), EC (0.22 dSm-1), OC (1.66 %), available N (356.33 kg ha-1), available P (53.50 kg ha-1) and available K (443.00 kg ha-1), were recorded under T4. The highest benefit cost ratio of 2.86 was obtained in T4 - 90% RDN + Panchagavya (5%) + Jeevamrut (5%) where Rs. 2,38,628.12 incurred on cost of cultivation and Rs. 6,83,038.55 received at net returns. Therefore the developed nutrient module emphasized in T4 may be adopted and recommended in garlic crop getting for higher productivity and as well as sustained soil healthThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON BIOFERTILIZERS AND MICRONUTRIENT APPLICATION IN CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-07) RANA, SHIVANI; THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on biofertilizers and micronutrient application in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)” was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, (HP) in the Rabi season of 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Factorial with three replications comprising of fourteen treatment combinations having two levels of biofertilizers i.e. B0= No biofertilizers & B1= Biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB + KSB) and seven levels of micronutrientsviz., M0= No micronutrient, M1= Boric acid @ 0.5 %,M2= Zinc sulphate@ 0.5 %, M3= Ferrous sulphate@ 0.5 %, M4= Manganese sulphate @ 0.5 %,M5= Ammonium molybdate @ 0.5 %, M6= Multiplex @ 0.5 %. In total there were fourteen treatment combinations viz., B0M0,B0M1, B0M2, B0M3, B0M4, B0M5, B0M6, B1M0, B1M1, B1M2, B1M3, B1M4, B1M5 and B1M6. Seedlings of cabbage were transplanted on 7th October, 2016 and 8th October 2017 in a plot size of 4.05 m2 in three replications. The treatment combination B1M6 registered maximum plant spread (42.38 cm), gross head weight (1299.00 g), net head weight (870.00 g), harvest index (66.97 %), yield per plot (16.31 kg), yield per hectare (322.10 q) and heading percentage (90.28 %). It also recorded maximum available phosphorous (78.40 kg/ha) in soil which was statistically at par with B1M2. Minimum number of days to 50 per cent head maturity (67.50) and minimum number of non wrapper leaves (8.35) were observed in B1M1. Same treatment registered highest TSS (5.72 ˚Brix) and maximum leaf P content (0.62 %). B1M2 registered maximum vitamin C content (59.97 mg/100 g), leaf Zn content (47.17 ppm), however, maximum available potassium (399.07 kg/ha) in soil and leaf N content (3.54 %) in cabbage was statistically at par with B1M6. The maximum values for polar diameter (13.75 cm), equatorial diameter (13.36 cm), available iron (17.15 mg/kg) in soil, leaf Fe content (173.30 ppm) was observed in B1M3, whereas maximum leaf K content (2.32 %) was statistically at par with B1M6. Maximum head compactness (47.45) was recorded in B1M5. Maximum available manganese content (14.55 mg/kg) in soil and leafMn content (84.77 ppm)was recordedin B1M4.On thebasis of economic returnsitwasconcluded that B1M6 i.e. Biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB + KSB) + Multiplex @ 0.5 % was rated as the best treatment in terms of growth, yield and quality parameters. It resulted in maximum yield (322.10 q/ha) with highest annual net return of Rs. 369134.90/ha and B: C ratio of 3.04. Besides this it also enhanced the soil fertility status as evident through the increased post harvest availability ofN, P and K by 19.27, 49.04, 14.68 per cent, over the initial content in the soil (pre experimental). In addition to this the leaf nutrient content (N, P, K, Zn, Fe and Mn) of cabbage has also increased. Hence for getting more yield, quality produce and high economic returns, seedling root dip @ 1 kg/ha and soil application @ 5 kg/ha each of biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB + KSB) with three foliar spray of @ 0.5 % Multiplex at 20 days interval from days of transplanting can be recommended for commercialcabbage cultivation in Himachal Pradesh.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON TRIPLE TEST CROSS ANALYSIS IN CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus L.)(UHF, NAUNI, 2019-01) KUMARI, REENA; KUMAR, RAMESHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on triple test cross analysis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)” was carried out at the Experimental Research Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-Solan, Himachal Pradesh during rainy season of 2016 and 2017. During the study, two experiments were carried out. The first experiment was comprised of 45 triple test cross progenies derived by mating 15 lines randomly selected as individual plant progenies from F2 generation of LC-1-1 × K-75. These lines were further mated with three testers namely LC-1-1 (L1), K-75 (L2) and their single cross F1 (L3) to estimate the genetic variation from a cross between two parental lines. The data were subjected to the biometrical analysis by following Triple Test Cross Method of Kearsey and Jinks (1968) to detect epistasis and estimates of additive and dominance components of genetic variance. The second experiment was constituted of 30 hybrid combinations resulted from the crossing of ten lines with three testers of cucumber to identify appropriate cross combinations and to approximate the inbred line performance in F1 combination, using GCA and SCA variances and their effects along with heterosis. The data were subjected to Line × Tester analysis as proposed by Kempthorne (1957). For both the experiments, the observations were recorded on days to first female flower opening, node number bearing first female flower, days to marketable maturity (days), number of marketable fruits per plant, harvest duration (days), fruit length (cm), fruit breadth (cm), average fruit weight (g), yield per plant (kg), total soluble solid (0B), incidence of fruit fly (%), severity of powdery and downy mildew (%) except seed traits in experiment-I. The observations on different seed traits (seed germination, seed vigour index I and II) were recorded only in case of experiment-II. Good quantum of genetic variability has been generated through triple test cross progenies with respect to different traits studied as revealed by the significant analysis of variance. For triple test cross (TTC) analysis the parent viz., P12, P13, P11, P8, P5 (Lines) and L3 followed by L1(Testers), whereas, ttc progenies/cross combinations viz.,P12× L3, P13 × L3, P11 × L3, P11× L1 and P8 × L3manifested high mean values and heterotic effects for marketable fruit yield and found superior for majority of trait under study. Heterotic effects were observed in almost all the characters studied and supported through genetic analysis of the triple test cross (TTC) progenies, where the preponderance of epistasis, additive and dominance components of genetic variation was observed for earliness, marketable yield, quality and insect pest and disease traits. The kind of genetic variance revealed from triple test cross can be exploited by intermating selected individuals in early segregating generations with delayed selection in later generations, diallel selective mating/biparental mating or recurrent selection followed by pedigree method to exploit both additive and non-additive components along with epistasis. The Line × Tester studies concluded that parents UHF-CUC-11, UHF-CUC-13, UHF-CUC-6, UHF-CUC-15, UHF-CUC-8 and Solan Srijan were found superior for majority of traits under study on the basis of their mean performance and general combining ability studies. Cross-combinations UHF-CUC-11 × Solan Srijan, UHF-CUC-13 × Solan Srijan, UHF-CUC-6 × K-75, UHF-CUC-15 × Solan Srijan, UHF-CUC-8 × Solan Srijan and UHF-CUC-7 × Poinsette on the basis of mean performance, specific combining ability and heterosis studies excelled well for all the traits studied. Hence, these parents and cross combination can be tested further at multi-locations before releasing as a substitute of already exiting varieties/hybrids of cucumber and getting transgressive segregants in the later generationsThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON HETEROSIS, COMBINING ABILITY AND CONFIRMATION OF HYBRIDITY IN BELL PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L)(UHF,NAUNI, 2018-04) ADITIKA; KANWAR, H.S.ABSTRACT The present studies entitled “Studies on heterosis, combining ability and confirmation of hybridity in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L)” were carried out under net house conditions at the Experimental Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh during the years 2016 and 2017. The experimental material for the present study comprised of eight parents and twenty-eight crosses were developed by crossing these eight diverse bell pepper lines in diallel design (excluding reciprocals). All the parents and their hybrids along with the standard check (Bharath) were planted in a Randomized Block Design for their evaluation in summer, 2017. The observations were recorded on thirteen different traits viz., plant height (cm), number of primary branches, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to marketable maturity, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight (g), fruit yield per plant (kg), fruit yield per hectare (quintals), fruit shape index, number of lobes per fruit, pericarp thickness (mm), harvest duration (days) and ascorbic acid (mg/100g) content. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied. Experimental results revealed that four lines viz., California Wonder, Solan Bharpur, Yolo Wonder and KC-12 were found superior on the basis of mean performance and general combining ability studies for most of the important traits. Five cross combinations viz., UHFBP-3 × KC- 12, Yolo Wonder × Nishtah-1, Solan Bharpur × Yolo Wonder, California Wonder × Yolo Wonder and California Wonder × UHFBP-3 were found best on the basis of mean performance, heterosis studies and specific combining ability effects. Hence, these hybrid combinations can be tested further at multilocations before releasing as a substitute of already existing hybrid varieties of bell pepper in Himachal Pradesh and in India as well. Gene action studies indicated predominance of non additive gene action effects in governing most of the traits suggesting exploitation of hybrid vigour and developing hybrids for improvement of these traits in bell pepper on the basis of present studies. Three primers OAC-20, OPF-14 and OPF-16 generated male specific band for three hybrids therefore, resulted in confirmation of hybridity in three hybrid combinations, so the present study indicate that RAPD markers could be efficiently and reliably used for confirmation of hybridity in bell pepper.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IMPORTANT HORTICULTURAL TRAITS AND RESISTANCE TO FUSARIUM WILT IN GARDEN PEA (Pisum sativum L)(UHF,NAUNI, 2018-05) SHARMA, ANKITA; RAMESH, KUMARABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on important horticultural traits and resistance to Fusarium wilt in garden pea (Pisum sativum L)” was carried out at the Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) and Vegetable Research Station, Kalpa, District Kinnaur during 2015-16 and 2016-17. Six diverse genotypes of garden pea viz., Arkel, Matar Ageta-6, VRP-6, PM-2, VL-7 and IC-199303 (resistant to Fusarium wilt) were crossed in a half diallel design excluding reciprocals to produce 15 F1’s. Each F1 was selfed to produce F2 generation. For studying inheritance of Fusarium wilt, backcrosses of two crosses viz., Arkel × IC-199303 and Matar Ageta-6 × IC-199303 were also produced. All parents, F1’s, F2’s, B1’s and B2’s were evaluated during autumn-winter season, 2016 in randomized complete block design with three replications. The observations were recorded on node at which the first flower appeared, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to marketable maturity, plant height (cm), number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), pod width (cm), number of seeds per pod, shelling percentage (%), pod yield per plant (g) and per hectare (q), total soluble solids (°B) and total phenols (mg/100g). The inheritance of Fusarium wilt disease was also studied by observing segregation pattern of different generations (F2, B1 and B2) using chi-square analysis. On the basis of overall performance of the parents and crosses for mean value, heterosis and other genetic parameters parents VRP-6 and Arkel and crosses Arkel × VRP-6, Matar Ageta-6 × VRP-6 and Arkel × PM-2 performed well for majority of yield and yield contributing traits. These crosses may be helpful in isolating transgressive segregants for further improvement in garden pea. Chi-square analysis further determined the ratio of resistance and susceptibility in F1 and backcrosses to resistant parent 1 (resistant) : 0 (susceptible), while the F2 segregated in the ratio of 3 (resistant) : 1 (susceptible) and backcrosses to susceptible parent in 1 (resistant) : 1 (susceptible) ratio approximately in both the crosses, confirmed that resistance to Fusarium wilt in pea is governed by single dominant gene.ThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STUDIES ON HORTICULTURAL TRAITS AND MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION FOR POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE IN PEA (Pisum sativum L)(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-11) ADARSH, MN; SHARMA, HAPPY DEVABSTRACT The present investigations on “Genetic studies on horticultural traits and marker assisted selection for powdery mildew resistance in pea (Pisum sativum L)” was carried out at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YSPUHF, Nauni, Solan and Vegetable Research Station, Kalpa, Kinnaur during 2013-2015. The experimental material for partial diallel analysis comprised of five genetically diverse genotypes viz., Lincoln, Azad Pea-1 (Susceptible), and EC-598604, EC-598620 and Azad Pea-4 (Resistant). These genotypes were crossed excluding reciprocals during Rabi 2013-14. Each F1 was raised and selfed to obtain F2 generation as well as backcrossed to obtain BCs (B1 and B2) seeds during Kharif 2014. Thus, the experimental materials finally consisting of six generations namely P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 of all these crosses which were further planted for final evaluation and recording of observations in Rabi 2014-15 and for computing results on combining ability and gene action studies. On the basis of gca estimates, the Lincoln was rated as the best general combiner for days to marketable maturity, number of pods per plant, pod yield (g/plant), pod yield (q/ha), shelling percentage, powdery mildew severity (%) and TSS (0Brix) whereas, Azad Pea-1 for days to 50% flowering and number of seeds per pod, EC-598604 and EC-598620 were found to be a good combiners for plant height (cm), Azad Pea-4 for pod length (cm) and EC-598620 for both protein content (%) and total phenols (mg/100g). The cross combinations which recorded high sca estimates are Azad Pea-1 × Azad Pea-4 for days to 50% flowering, days to marketable maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, Pod length (cm), pod yield (g/plant), pod yield (q/ha) and total soluble solids (0Brix) whereas, crosss Azad Pea-1 × EC-598604 recorded high for both plant height (cm) and powdery mildew severity (%), Lincoln × Azad Pea-4 recorded high sca for shelling percentage. Combining ability and generation mean analysis suggested the presence of additive variance in all the traits in F1 and F2 generations. Most of the traits showed significant and higher magnitude of additive gene action thus suggesting the adoption of simple selection procedures may be helpful for combinations of desirable genes. However, the crosses exhibiting significant nonadditive gene effects can be further exploited by following recurrent selection or bi-parental mating design between selected recombinants in early segregating generations and further using simple selection procedure. The chi-square analysis showed the monogenic recessive inheritance pattern for powdery mildew resistance. Genomic DNA of the parents and individual F2 plants from one cross i.e. Lincoln × Azad Pea-4 was isolated using CTAB method. Initially parents were screened using three validated SCAR viz., ScX171400 (er2), SCW4637 (Er3) and SCAB1874 (Er3), and one SSR markers viz., PSMPSAD60 (er1). The marker PSMPSAD60 has shown the resistant banding pattern at 290 bp in the parent Azad Pea-4 whereas, SCAR markers did not exhibit any polymorphism between resistant and susceptible genotypes. Simultaneously the banding pattern was validated in F2 generation of a single cross Lincoln × Azad Pea-4 to study the inheritance of powdery mildew resistance. Two genotypes namely EC-598604 and EC-598620 also exhibited resistance in field but did not amplify for PSMPSAD60 marker for er1 gene. Bulk segregating analysis was done using 80 SSR primers for identification of new gene for powdery mildew resistance using marker assisted selection (MAS). Further, the cross Azad Pea-1 × Azad Pea-4 can be advanced with the help of marker assisted selection for precisely figuring out stable plants for developing a powdery mildew resistant genotype.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE APPLICATION OF ORGANIC, INORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND THEIR COMBINATIONS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF CAULIFLOWER (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis)(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-11) UTTAMRAO, PAWAR ROHIT; BHARDWAJ, M.L.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on the application of organic, inorganic fertilizers and their combinations on yield and quality of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) was carried out during Rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-16 in the Experimental Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. Twenty-five treatments combination of organic (Vermicompost, Farmyard manure and Neem manure), inorganic (N, P and K) and biofertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB) were replicated thrice in a plot having dimension of 3.00 m × 2.70 m. The experiment was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design and a spacing of 60 cm × 45 cm was followed. The seed of cauliflower cv. Pusa Snowball K- 1 was sown in nursery beds on 1st week of September during both the years. Data was recorded on days taken to 50 per cent curding, plant height (cm), plant frame (cm), leaf area index (cm2), number of leaves per plant, gross plant weight (g), leaf weight per plant (g), stalk length (cm), curd height (cm), curd size (cm2), curd compactness, net curd weight (g),curd yield per plot (kg), yield per hectare (q), severity of black rot (%), contents of vitamin A (μg/100 g), vitamin C (mg/100 g), protein (%), uptake of N, P, K (kg/ha) and micronutrients viz., Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe (g/ha), available N, P and K (kg/ha) content in the soil before and after crop harvest and Benefit: Cost ratio. The results revealed that treatment combination (T16) -100% RDF + Azotobacter (5.0 kg/ha) + PSB (5.0 kg/ha) resulted in maximum growth and curd yield however, it was at par with the treatment combination (T23) - RDF (33.3%) + FYM (33.3%) + NM (33.3%) + Azotobacter (5.0 kg/ha) + PSB (5.0 kg/ha). This treatment also gave higher values for the characters like curd quality, uptake of N, P, K and micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe), available N, P, K content in the soil after crop harvest and benefit: cost ratio consistently during both the years. However, minimum values for all the characters studied were recorded when sole application of organic manures and bio-fertilizers were applied .Thus, balanced integration of nutrients viz., organic manures and biofertilizers with reduced dose of inorganic fertilizers sustains yield potential as well as maintains the soil health and fertility with minimum severity of black rot.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF GROWING MEDIA AND PLANT SPACING IN SWEET PEPPER CV. OROBELLE UNDER PROTECTED CONDITIONS(UHF,NAUNI, 2017-09) BIJETA; THAKUR, KULDEEP SINGHABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Studies on the Effect of Growing Media and Plant Spacing in Sweet pepper cv. Orobelle under Protected Conditions” was carried out in Randomized Block Design (Factorial) in the naturally ventilated polyhouse at Vegetable Research Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The treatments comprised of four different growing media (M) viz., (M1) Soil + Sand + FYM (2:1:1), (M2) Soil + Cocopeat + FYM (2:1:1), (M3) Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (2:1:1), (M4) Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost + FYM (2:1:0.5:0.5) and three plant spacings with different population (S) viz., 45×30 cm (S1), 45×45 cm (S2), and 45×60 cm (S3). In total there were twelve different treatment combinations viz., M1S1, M1S2, M1S3, M2S1, M2S2, M2S3, M3S1, M3S2, M3S3, M4S1, M4S2 and M4S3. Capsicum crop was transplanted on 15th April, 2015 and 2016 in a plot size of 1.62 m2 in three replications. The treatment combination M4S3 registered the minimum values for Days to 50 per cent flowering (41.17 days), days to marketable maturity (70.67 days), incidence and severity of diseases, whereas, the same treatment gave the maximum values for number of fruits per plant (15.09), fruit length (10.61 cm), fruit breadth (10.56 cm), average fruit weight (256.01 g), fruit yield/plant (3.86 kg), harvest duration (87.83 days), plant height (158.83 cm), leaf area index (3.23), pericarp thickness (8.58 mm), available nitrogen (353.23 kg/ha) and phosphorus (55.32 kg/ha) content in growing media, total nitrogen (3.34 %) and phosphorus (0.37 %) content in plants, which was statistically at par with M4S2. M4S2 registered maximum values for fruit yield/m2 (16.57 kg), total soluble solid (7.11 °B), total carotenoids (2.16 mg/100 g), ascorbic acid (122.97 mg/100 g), available potassium content (484.13 kg/ha) in growing media, total potassium (3.34 %) content in plants, which were statistically at par with M4S3. The maximum value for plant biomass (153.46 g/plant) and net assimilation rate (0.086 mg/leaf area/day) was observed in M3S3. On the basis of economic returns it was concluded that M4S2 was found best treatment combination with maximum B: C ratio (2.23).ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL PROPERTIES UNDER PEACAPSICUM- RADISH CROPPING SEQUENCE(UHF,NAUNI, 2017) SHARMA, MONIKA; SHARMA, A.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation “Studies on integrated nutrient management on productivity and soil properties under pea-capsicum-radish cropping sequence” was carried out at the Experimental Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni Solan, (HP) to evolve INPS system for higher productivity and soil health. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with 03 replicates comprising 13 integrated combinations of inorganic and organics including Bio-fertilizers/PGPR viz. T1: RPF= (RDF (NPK) + FYM), T2: 90 % RDF + 10 % EC + FYM + Bio-fertilizer/PGPR T3: 80 % RDF + 10 % EC + FYM + Bio-fertilizer/PGPR, T4: 70 % RDF + 10 % EC + FYM + Bio-fertilizer/PGPR, T5: 60 % RDF + 10 % EC + FYM + Bio-fertilizer/PGPR , T6: 90 % RDF + 10 % SMC + FYM + Bio-fertilizer/PGPR, T7: 80 % RDF + 10 % SMC + FYM + Bio-fertilizer/PGPR, T8: 70 % RDF + 10 % SMC + FYM + Biofertilizer/ PGPR, T9: 60 % RDF + 10 % SMC + FYM + Bio-fertilizer/PGPR, T10: 90 % RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer/ PGPR, T11: 80 % RDF + FYM + Bio-fertilizer/PGPR, T12: 70 % RDF + FYM + Bio-fertilizer/PGPR and T13: 60 % RDF + FYM + Bio-fertilizer/PGPR. The reduced RDF was supplemented through organic manures (EC, SMC) on N eq. basis. Seeds of pea cultivar Punjab- 89 were sown at spacing of 60 x 7.5cm, while capsicum cv. Solan Bharpur was spaced at 60 x 45 cm. Similarly, radish cv. Japanese White was sown 30 x 7.5 cm apart. INM modules significantly influenced yield and plant growth attributes of all the three crops grown in a sequence over two years i.e. 2014-15 and 2015-16. In pea, the conjoint use of 90 % of inorganic RDF(NPK) + 10 % of RDF through SMC to the bio-fertilized treated seed and soil along with basal application of recommended FYM (T6) harvested pods; maximum in number (29.62), size (10.29 x 1.26 cm), weight (6.63 g), shelling (41.72 %) and pod yield (179.35 q/ha) as compared to RPF (T1) which recorded values of 24.37, (9.99 x 1.21 cm) , 5.85 g, 36.83 % and 157.17 q/ha , respectively. Similarly, in capsicum, the same module ( T6) relying on best performance of major yielding components viz. fruit size (6.06 x 4.96 cm), fruit weight (49.59 g) and number of fruits per plant (28.63) and consequently the highest yield (351.55 q/ha), excelled all the modules including RPF(282.31q/ha). T6 module also measured maximum root size (18.80 x 2.86 cm), root weight (130.42 g) and consequently increased yield of 11.44 percent in radish over RPF (296.31q/ha). For quality traits; protein in pea was more pronounced in high inorganic supportive modules whereas; TSS, ascorbic acid in capsicum as well as radish and fibre, dry matter content and total sugar in radish were high through high organics support. Overall, this module (T6), earned highest annual net return of Rs. 12.71 lacs per hectare with a B: C ratio of 2.80, besides enhancing soil health as evident through the increased post harvest availability of N, P and K by 13.95, 26.80 and 22.22 %, over their initial (pre-experimental) content in the soil. Therefore, it can be concluded that above module i.e. T6 (90 % RDF + 10 % SMC + FYM + Bio-fertilizer) along with basal application of recommended FYM resulted in saving of 10 % of fertilizers (NPK), better growth, improving yield, net returns and also enhanced soil health in mid hill condition of Himachal Pradesh.