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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access Induction of resistance for the management of Alternaria leaf spot of cauliflower(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-10-18) Sharma, Shalini; Sharma, MonicaThe pathogen causing Alternaria leaf spot of cauliflower was isolated and identified as Alternaria brassicicola on the basis of morphological characters and sequencing of DNA region coding for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Amplification of genomic DNA of fungus with primer pair ITS1 and ITS 4 gave a single band of approximately 500 bp on gel electrophoresis. In pathogenicity test, 72 hours of incubation period of A. brassicicola was observed by spray inoculation of the pathogen. Among eight different abiotic resistance inducers, foliar sprays of salicylic acid (20 mM) and potassium chloride (100 mM) was found most effective for the management of Alternaria leaf spot of cauliflower in pot and field experiment. Under field conditions, three foliar sprays of salicylic acid (20 mM) and potassium chloride (100mM) resulted in reduction in disease incidence up to 76.81 and 71.01 per cent and disease index up to 78.69 and 73.36 per cent, respectively with maximum curd yield of 2.68 and 2.37 kg/plot. The phenol content and activity of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase was maximum after three days of pathogen inoculation which then gradually diluted with time. Among aqueous extracts, maximum mycelial inhibition of 65.47 per cent was observed by using extract of Phyllanthus emblica at 50 per cent concentration. Cow urine alone resulted in complete inhibition in mycelial growth of pathogen at different tested concentrations i.e 10, 15 and 20 per cent. While, in cow urine based extracts, maximum mycelial inhibition of 53.33 and 51.67 per cent was observed by using extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Phyllanthus emblica at 20 per cent concentration. In dual culture assay, under in vitro conditions, Trichoderma harzianum I-6 strain resulted in maximum mycelial inhibition of 80.64 per cent followed by T. viride (78.49 %). Root dip treatment of cauliflower seedlings with T. harzianum I-6 strain was also found most effective with reduction of 32.70 and 40.00 per cent disease incidence and per cent disease index, respectivelyThesisItem Open Access “Studies on management of post harvest rots of papaya(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-10-26) Bhardwaj, Priyanka; Jarial, KumudPostharvest rots of papaya reduce quality as well as quantity of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Due to firm texture, various microorganisms attack the fruit during ripening stages and cause losses. During the present investigation in the year 2019-20, different post harvest rots of papaya were prevalent throughout the year starting from May, 2019 to April, 2020 at various locations surveyed local markets viz., Hamirpur, Nadaun, Sujanpur, Sulagwan and Barsar of district Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh. Different fungi viz., Colletotrichum fructicola, C. truncatum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium pallidoroseum identified under Id No. 9013.20 and 9014.20 and ITCC No. 11309.20, 11310.20 and 11308.20, respectively and Alternaria sp. were found to be associated with post harvest rots in papaya. Among these rots F. pallidoroseum was the most prevalent followed by C. fructicola. An incubation period of 3 days each was recorded in case of C. fructicola, C. truncatum and F. pallidoroseum while, that of 1, 2 and 4 days was recorded in case of R. stolonifer , A. flavus and Alternaria sp., respectively. Weather parameters like temperature and relative humidity were found to influence the abundance of these rots to a significant level. None of the botanicals viz., Azadirachta indica, Murraya koenjii, Justicia adhatoda, Lantana camara and one natural product viz., 10 days old sour buttermilk was effective against any of the test pathogens. Among six different chemicals viz., calcium chloride, CabrioTop®, Blitox-50®, Chlorothalonil®, Bavistin® and Dithane M-45® evaluated in vitro as well as pre and post inoculation dip treatments, Bavistin®and Dithane M-45® were found effective against all the five test pathogens associated with post harvest rots against predominant five test pathogens associated with the post harvest rots in papaya. So, these fungicides can be further evaluated as pre harvest sprays and post harvest dip treatments to reduce the prevalence of different post harvest rots in papaya.ThesisItem Open Access Exploration of genetic variability in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) under low hills of H.P.(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-10-09) Meenakshi; Dogra, B SThe present investigation entitled “Exploration of genetic variability in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) under low hills of HP” was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur (HP) during rainy season, 2019. Twenty one genotypes including check variety Palam Pitamber were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications to ascertain extent of variability, heratibility, genetic advance and gain, correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and other horticulture traits among the genotypes. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among all the genotypes for all the characters under study. Three genotypes namely LC-T-20-18, LC-T-9-18 and LC-T-12-18 were found to be high yielding as well as better from consumer’s point of view. They could be the promising parents for utilization in further breeding programmes. Moderate PCV and GCV existed for weight of mother rhizome length of mother rhizome, girth of mother rhizome, number of primary fingers per plant, number of secondary fingers per plant, number of leaves per plant, curcumin content, dry matter content and yield per plot. High heritability estimates were observed for curcumin content, plant height, weight of mother rhizome, leaf length, dry matter content, leaf breadth, length of mother rhizome, number of primary fingers per plant, girth of primary rhizome, number of leaves per plant and girth of mother rhizome while high estimates of genetic gain were observed for weight of mother rhizome, length of mother rhizome, number of primary fingers per plant and girth of mother rhizome. The correlation studies at phenotypic and genotypic level revealed that number of leaves per plant, number of tillers per plant, length of mother rhizome, weight of mother rhizome, length of primary rhizome, girth of primary rhizome, length of secondary rhizome and girth of secondary rhizome had positive and direct effects on yield per plot.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of sawdust as a casing substrate for the production of Agaricus bisporus(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-10-19) Saini, Manisha; Jarial, R SThe present investigation entitled “Evaluation of sawdust as a casing substrate for the production of Agaricus bisporus” were undertaken to evaluate sawdust- leached alone or in combination with different casing substrates in comparison to standard check (FYM + loam soil). Coconut coir pith performed best in terms of all production parameters like, time taken for spawn run, time taken for pin-head formation, number of fruit bodies harvested and yield (679 g/5 kg compost) of A. bisporus. Sawdust- leached did not perform well when used alone as casing material but its efficiency improved with the addition of other casing substrates including coconut coir pith at the top followed by spent compost- 2 years old, farmyard manure- 2 years old and vermicompost- leached. In the commercial production trial, combination of sawdust of sawdust- leached + coconut coir pith (1:1; v/v), sawdust- leached + spent compost (1:1; v/v) and sawdust- leached + farmyard manure (1:1; v/v) performed better as compared to standard check (FYM + local soil), but a combination of sawdust- leached + coconut coir pith (1:1; v/v) proved to be the best amongst all three combinations in terms of total number of sporocarps (88.00) and mushroom yield (1271.00 g/10 kg compost) despite of the delay in time for spawn run (26 days) and time to pinning (24.33 days). Casing media evaluated also affected the biological efficiency of compost in each experiment which varied from 10.50 per cent in local soil to 34.05 per cent in sawdust- leached + farmyard manure (1:1; v/v) in different experiments. The pH of different casing media in different experiments varied from 6.45 to 7.81 while, electrical conductivity of different casing media ranged from 238 μS to 774.67 μS. Among various physical properties in the preliminary and commercial experiments, bulk density of various casing media ranged from 0.17 g/cm3 to 1.43 g/cm3. Similar trend was observed in particle density which varied from 0.35 g/cm3 to 1.91 g/cm3. The porosity was found to be maximum (55.26 %) in sawdust- leached and minimum (19.05 %) in farmyard manure- 2 years old. Water holding capacity ranged from 81.67 per cent in vermicompost- leached to 351.00 per cent in coconut coir pith. With the progression of crop, pH of all the casing materials evaluated was found to decrease while, electrical conductivity was recorded to increase up to 56 days after casing.ThesisItem Open Access SEROLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF A VIRUS INFECTING TOMATO Thesis by AISHWARYA NAYAR (H-2018-63-M) submitted to Dr YASHWANT SINGH PARMAR UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY SOLAN (NAUNI) HP-173 230 INDIA in partialfulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (AGRICULTURE) PLANT PATHOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE 2020 SEROLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF A VIRUS INFECTING TOMATO Thesis by AISHWARYA NAYAR (H-2018-63-M) submitted to Dr YASHWANT SINGH PARMAR UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY SOLAN (NAUNI) HP-173 230 INDIA in partialfulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (AGRICULTURE) PLANT PATHOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE 2020 SEROLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF A VIRUS INFECTING TOMATO(NAUNI,UHF, 2020-11) NAYAR, AISHWARYA; HANDA, ANILABSTRACT Surveys conducted in 43 tomato growing localities of distinct Solan in Himachal Pradesh revealed incidence of virus diseases ranging between 2.0 to 32.6 percent. Mosaic, leaf deformation and shoe stringing were the most striking symptoms in most of the tomato varieties grown. The virus isolate under study was selected from the Experimental Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science for conducting the present investigation. The virus isolate was mechanically transmissible to 23 plants belonging to Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae and Solanaceae families. Serological detection through DAS-ELISA resulted in detection of CMV in most of the test samples and none of the samples were infected with TYLCV. Association of CMV with virus isolate under study was further confirmed by RT-PCR assays as the desired amplicon of ~162 bp of CMV was obtained. DAS-ELISA based screening of tomato varieties/breeding lines revealed 12 accessions free from CMV infection. Based on symptomology, mechanical transmission, host range, serology and RT-PCR assays the tomato virus isolate under study has been characterized as an isolate of cucumber mosaic virusThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON SCABBY FRUIT CANKER OF GUAVA CAUSED BY Pestalotiopsis psidii (PAT.) MORDUE IN SUB-TROPICAL ZONE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-10-25) BHOGAL, SHIVANGI; JARIAL, KUMUDThe present investigation entitled “Studies on scabby fruit canker of guava caused by Pestalotiopsis psidii (Pat.) Mordue in sub-tropical zone of Himachal Pradesh” was undertaken to record the occurrence of the disease, cultural and epidemiological aspects of the pathogen and management of the disease. Scabby fruit canker of guava was prevalent in moderate to severe form at various locations in four districts (Hamirpur, Una, Sirmour and Bilaspur) surveyed in Himachal Pradesh. Disease incidence was found to be ranging from 60 to 100 per cent at various locations surveyed. The pathogen was isolated, purified and identified as Pestalotiopsis psidii under ITCC No. 11, 301.20. Pathogenicity of the isolated pathogen was proved by inoculating the mature healthy fruits of guava with pathogen culture on which the symptoms appeared in one day. Out of seven nutrient media tested, potato dextrose agar was found to the best medium for growth of P. psidii. Temperature of 28°C and pH 7.0 was found to be optimum for the growth of pathogen. Pathogen also produced acervuli in different media and at various temperature and pH levels. A temperature ranging from 30-35°C and relative humidity more than 85 per cent was found to be optimum for symptom development under artificial inoculation conditions. The periodical investigations of guava plantations at experimental farm, Department of Fruit Science, COHF, Neri revealed that maximum disease incidence (89.77%) was recorded during February, 2020 when the mean monthly maximum temperature, minimum temperature and relative humidity were 23.21°C, 10.97°C and 62.07 per cent, respectively. Disease incidence was found to be significantly and positively correlated with mean monthly maximum temperature, mean monthly minimum temperature and average monthly relative humidity and these three factors were found to influence the disease incidence upto 99.44 per cent. CabrioTop, Chlorothalonil, Tilt and Ridomil MZ resulted in cent per cent inhibition of the pathogen while, 10 days old sour buttermilk and Azadirachta indica extract inhibitied the pathogen upto 76.39 and 25.11 per cent, respectively under in vitro conditions. CabrioTop was found to be most effective fungicide both in pre as well as post inoculation dip treatments resulting, in maximum incubation period (33.30 and 29.72 h, respectively) and minimum disease severity (69.03 and 75.82%, respectively).ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF PURPLE BLOTCH OF ONION IN SUB–TROPICAL ZONE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-10-19) NUGHAL, JYOTI; SHARMA, MONICAPurple blotch caused by Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cifferi is one of the major disease in onion growing areas. In the present investigation, it was found that disease occurred in moderate to severe form with 25.00 to 84.00 per cent incidence and 13.33 to 66.67 per cent disease index in different localities of Hamirpur, Bilaspur, Una and Kangra districts of Himachal Pradesh. 72 hours of incubation period was observed by spray inoculation of the pathogen. Among eight different systemic fungicides, complete mycelial inhibition was observed by azoxystrobin+difenoconazole, metiram+pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin+tebuconazole. Foliar sprays of trifloxystrobin+tebuconazole at 200 ppm and azoxystrobin+difenoconazole at 50 ppm was found most effective for the management of purple blotch of onion in pot experiment. Under field conditions, three foliar sprays of trifloxystrobin+tebuconazole at 200 ppm and azoxystrobin+difenoconazole at 50 ppm concentration resulted in reduction in disease incidence up to 85.95 and 82.61 per cent and disease index up to 91.03 and 90.76 per cent, respectively with maximum bulb yield of 1.87 and 1.63 kg/plot, respectively. Among aqueous extracts, maximum mycelial inhibition of 63.65 per cent was observed by using extract of Datura stramonium at 50 per cent concentration. Cow urine alone resulted in complete inhibition in mycelial growth of pathogen. While in cow urine extracts, maximum mycelial inhibition of 84.52 and 68.09 per cent was observed with extract of Murraya koenigii and D. stramonium at 40 per cent concentration. In pot experiments aqueous extract of Datura stramonium was superior among other extracts and resulted in reduction in disease incidence up to 44.45 per cent and disease index up to 57.77 per cent. Application of cow urine alone was best in reduction of disease incidence up to 91.33 per cent and reduction in disease index upto 93.57 per cent. While in cow urine extract of M. koenigii and D. stramonium are effective for disease management. Among eight different abiotic resistance inducers, salicylic acid at 20 mM and 10 mM was found most effective for the management of purple blotch of onion in pot experiment.ThesisItem Open Access ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF BLACK MOULD OF GARLIC(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-11-19) KATOCH, NAVEEN; SHARMA, MONICABlack mould of garlic, caused by Aspergillus niger is one of the most important post-harvest diseases of garlic. In the present studies, pathogen causing black mould disease of garlic was isolated and identified as Aspergillus niger on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics. Among four biocontrol agents, maximum mycelia inhibition of 69.99 per cent was observed with Trichoderma koningii followed by Trichoderma viride with 67.76 per cent mycelial inhibition in dual culture assay. Pre- and post-inoculation dip treatment of garlic bulb with Trichoderma koningii was found to be effective with minimum disease incidence and disease index after 7th and 14th day of inoculation. Among aqueous extracts, maximum mycelia inhibition of 33.34 per cent was observed using extract of Ocimum sanctum at 50 per cent concentration. While in cow urine extracts, maximum mycelia inhibition of 99.99 per cent was observed by using extract of Melia azedarach and cow urine alone at 10 and 20 per cent concentrations, respectively. Pre- and post-inoculation dip treatment of garlic bulb with aqueous extract of Melia azedarach and Ocimum sanctum and cow urine alone and cow urine extract of Melia azedarach were found to be effective in reducing disease incidence and disease index after 7th and 14th day of inoculation. Aqueous bio-pesticides and biocontrol agents were compatible with each other whereas cow urine based bio-pesticides and biocontrol agents were completely incompatible with each other. Pre- and post-inoculation dip treatment of garlic bulb with Trichoderma viride + aqueous Melia azedarach resulted in minimum disease incidence and disease index after 7th and 14th day of inoculation. Among different abiotic inducers, foliar sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (100 mM), potassium hydroxide at (300 mM) resulted in minimum disease incidence upto 12.41 and 21.50 per cent and disease index upto 12.41 and 23.15 after 7th and 14th day of inoculation, respectively with maximum yield of 2.00 and 1.86 kg/plot with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (100 mM) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (50 mM), respectively.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL LEAF SPOT OF BOTTLE GOURD AND PUMPKIN CAUSED BY Xanthomonas cucurbitae(COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR, 2020-08-30) SHARMA, ARPANA; JARIAL, KUMUDEffect of sowing dates on the development of bacterial leaf spot in bottle gourd and pumpkin was studied and it was found that disease severity decreased with delay in date of sowing from mid May to end of June (27th June) or mid July (17th July) in both the crops. A high disease severity was recorded in early sown (17 May and 7 June) crops. From the diseased samples of bottle gourd and pumpkin collected from field, the causal bacterium was isolated on nutrient sodium chloride agar as circular, yellow, mucoid colonies having 1-5 mm diameter. Both the isolates tested positive for Esculin hydrolysis as well as protein digestion tests and negative for Gram’s reaction. Pathogenicity test on leaves of healthy seedlings of bottle gourd and pumpkin with respective isolates resulted in incubation periods of 46h and 48h, respectively However, in case of cross pathogenicity of the pathogen isolates, an incubation period of 70h and 72h was recorded in case of bottle gourd and pumpkin isolate on pumpkin and bottle gourd, respectively and the identity of the pathogen was confirmed as Xanthomonas cucurbitae. Development of bacterial spot of bottle gourd and pumpkin was favoured by temperature ranging between 30-35ºC and relative humidity more than 80 per cent. The plants of bottle gourd and pumpkin at the age of 10, 20, and 30 days were more susceptible to infection as compared to the older plants (40, 50 and 60 days old) which exhibited the presence of adult plant resistance in both the crops against X. cucurbitae. Out of nine chemicals tested in vitro against both bottle gourd and pumpkin isolates of X.cucurbitae, only streptocycline, captan, copper oxycloride and copper hydroxide alone as well as in combinations exhibited antibacterial activity. Out of seven plant extracts tested, plant extract of Eucalyptus hybrida was found to be inhibitory towards X. cucurbitae. A chemical combination comprising of streptocycline (100ppm) + captan (2500ppm) proved effective in controlling the pathogen and disease both under in vitro and pot house conditions, respectively.