ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF BLACK MOULD OF GARLIC
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Date
2020-11-19
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COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY, DR Y S P UHF, NERI, HAMIRPUR
Abstract
Black mould of garlic, caused by Aspergillus niger is one of the most important post-harvest
diseases of garlic. In the present studies, pathogen causing black mould disease of garlic was isolated and
identified as Aspergillus niger on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics. Among four
biocontrol agents, maximum mycelia inhibition of 69.99 per cent was observed with Trichoderma
koningii followed by Trichoderma viride with 67.76 per cent mycelial inhibition in dual culture assay.
Pre- and post-inoculation dip treatment of garlic bulb with Trichoderma koningii was found to be
effective with minimum disease incidence and disease index after 7th and 14th day of inoculation. Among
aqueous extracts, maximum mycelia inhibition of 33.34 per cent was observed using extract of Ocimum
sanctum at 50 per cent concentration. While in cow urine extracts, maximum mycelia inhibition of 99.99
per cent was observed by using extract of Melia azedarach and cow urine alone at 10 and 20 per cent
concentrations, respectively. Pre- and post-inoculation dip treatment of garlic bulb with aqueous extract
of Melia azedarach and Ocimum sanctum and cow urine alone and cow urine extract of Melia azedarach
were found to be effective in reducing disease incidence and disease index after 7th and 14th day of
inoculation. Aqueous bio-pesticides and biocontrol agents were compatible with each other whereas cow
urine based bio-pesticides and biocontrol agents were completely incompatible with each other. Pre- and
post-inoculation dip treatment of garlic bulb with Trichoderma viride + aqueous Melia azedarach resulted
in minimum disease incidence and disease index after 7th and 14th day of inoculation. Among different
abiotic inducers, foliar sprays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (100 mM), potassium hydroxide at
(300 mM) resulted in minimum disease incidence upto 12.41 and 21.50 per cent and disease index upto
12.41 and 23.15 after 7th and 14th day of inoculation, respectively with maximum yield of 2.00 and 1.86
kg/plot with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (100 mM) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (50 mM),
respectively.