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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access Innovative methods for the management of carnation wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi(Prill. and Del.) Snyd. and Hans(YSPU, 2012) Verma, Savita; Gautam, H. R.The present investigation entitled “Innovative methods for the management of carnation wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporumf.sp. dianthi(Prill. and Del.) Snyd. and Hans.” was conducted in the laboratories and experimental farm of the Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology and also at the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping. During the survey of the disease, 12.9-37.35 per cent incidence of wilt was recorded. Among different fungicides tested in vitrobavistin was found most effective with 92.04 per cent average inhibition in mycelial growth of the wilt pathogen. Among different soil amendments, neem cake was found most effectivein reducing the incidence of wilt and improving various plant growth as well as quality parameters. Soil solarisation with transparent polyethylene sheet for 40 days resulted in an increase of 8.2 ºC in average maximum soil temperature at 5cm soil depth in comparison to unsolarized soil in the polyhouse. Soil solarisation of the pathogen culture with transparent polyethylene sheet at 5cm soil depth for 40 daysresulted in 83.76 per cent reduction in viable propagules of the wilt pathogen in comparison to unsolarized beds at same depth in polyhouse. Soil solarisation increased the incubation period of thedisease by 43.6 per cent and also reduced the wiltincidence by 66.67 per cent with transparent polyethylene sheet at 5cm soil depth. Among different bio-control agents evaluated under in vitro conditions against wilt pathogen, T. viride and T. harzianum were found at par in efficacy with 67.5 and 65.6 per cent inhibition in mycelial growth of the wilt pathogen,respectively. Among bacterial antagonists, A. chroococcumwas found most effective with 57.7 per cent mycelial growth inhibition. Out of nine bio-formulations tested in vitro condition, Neemazal was found most effective with 73.06 per cent average inhibition in mycelial growth of the wilt pathogen. Dip treatment of unrooted carnation cuttings in Bavistin (0.1%) or Quintal (0.2%) was found most effective and completely checked the incidence of wilt in cuttings. Treatment of unrooted carnation cuttings with Bavistin alsoresulted in maximum increase in average plant height and root length by66.0 and 440.5 per cent. Among bio-control agents,dip of cuttings in Trichoderma viride was found most effective with 2.3 per cent incidence of wilt and it resulted in 73.1 per cent average increase in plant height and 586.4 per cent average increase in root length. Among botanicals and bio-pesticides, dip of cuttings in Neemajal was found most effective with 11.9 per cent incidence of wilt and it resulted in 51.9 per cent average increase in plant height and 597.6 per cent averageincrease in root length. Seven native species of AM fungi related to four genera viz., Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Entrophosporasp. were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of thecarnation field. Treatment combination of soil solarization with AMUHF + AZUHF + Trichoderma virideformulation was found most effective with 90.9 per cent reduction in the wilt incidence and in improving various plant growth as well as quality parameters. Treatment combination of soil solarization with AMUHF + AZUHF + Trichoderma virideformulation resulted in 81.5 per cent reduction in viable propagules of the wilt pathogen. Treatment combination of soil solarization with AMUHF + AZUHF + Trichoderma virideformulation also found most effective with an increase of 2388.9 per cent in AMF spore population with root colonization of 21.6 percent. Treatment combination of soil solarization with root dip of cuttings in Bavistin (0.1%) along with application of Neemcake as soil amendment (1kg/m 2 ) and AMUHF + AZUHF (each 5g/plant as root inoculation of cuttings) + T. viride(10g/1kg of FYM/m 2 as soil application) was found most effective with97.1 per cent reduction in the wilt incidence and also recorded maximum increase of 50.97, 100.4, 39.2, 57.3, 122.2 per cent in plant height, number of flowers per plant, flower size, length of flowering stem and stem strength with A grade flowers, respectively and also recorded 15.22 and 52.55 daysto 1 st flowering and flowering period, respectively in comparison to unsolarized and unamended control.ThesisItem Open Access Development of hybrid(s) of agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach and their evaluation for higher yield(YSPU, 2012) Sharma, Manju; Suman, B.C.The present investigations entitled “Development of hybrid(s) of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach and their evaluation for higher yield” were undertaken to isolates the homokaryons from different parental strains, their identification by fruiting trials and by ISSR markers, matings compatible homokaryons to produce hybrids, spawn preparation and production efficiency including other aspects like physiological studies and molecular characterization of developed hybrids. one thousand six hundred forty two single spore isolates were raised from parental strains namely A-15, S 11, S140 and U3 of Agaricus bisporus. These 1642, single spore isolates showed fluffy, appressed and strand types of growth. Out of those only 36 single spore isolates (nine from each parent strains to maintain uniform pattern) which were supposed to be homokaryons on the basis of slow mycelial growth rate and appressed types ofcolony morphology were selected for future studies. All single spore isolates with appressed types of colony morphology produced no fruit bodies in any replication. However the strandy slow growing single spore isolates produced fruit bodies in all replication. For the molecular characterization of selected monokaryons from each parents, six inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) marker were used. In the ISSR fingerprints of putative single spore isolates from A-15, S11, S140 and U3 strains of Agaricus bisporus, homokaryons lacked amplification products at multiple loci; these grows slowly and all of them had appressed colony morphology. Primers P3 in A-15, P39 in S11, P30 in S-140 and P8 in U3 strains of Agaricus bisporus were proved to be the best due to the sharpness ofbanding patterns. Out of the two hundred fifty three (253) crosses, only seven crosses between theparents were compatible because compatible colonies got fused with each other and at the point of their contact some raisedgrowth was observed whereas in case of incompatible colonies in Petri plate, growth usually stoped as colonies approached near each other. Anastomosis or intermingling of compatible myceliums were also observed under the microscope. The yield studies showed that that hybrid Hb4, produced highest averageyield (26.94kg/100kg compost) and also exhibited better qualities as compared to other isolates. Four hybrids with higher production than parent strains were taken up for studying physiological requirement and molecular characterization in detail. Among various solid media studied malt extract agar media supported maximum average mycelial growth and in case of liquid media,glucose asparagine medium supported maximum average mycelia growth anddry weight and in case and was used as a basal medium for further physiological studies. The optimum temperature and pH for the growth of different hybrids and parent strains were found to be 25 O C and 6.5 respectively. Among the carbon and nitrogen sources, best growth of different hybrids including the parent strains was recorded on maltose and proline respectively onliquid as well as on solid media. In case of vitamins and growth regulators thiamine and gibberelic acid supported maximum growth of all the hybrids including the parent strains both on liquid and solid medium. RAPD studies shown that the percentage of polymorphism detected was 60.00 per cent. Maximum number of bands were produced by OPP-07 primer, while primer OPO-02yielded maximum number of unique bands in hybrid Hb4 as compared to other primers. ITS studies showed that all the isolates exhibited identical ITS length of approximately near about 650 bp. The newly developed best hybrids namely Hb1 and Hb4 showed 33.00 per cent and 31.00 per cent molecular variation respectively as compared to the commercially used strain (U3). The ITS region showed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at six nucleotide position of 281, 290, 291,292, 293, 295 and 300 base pair in the ITS region of the best developed hybrids (Hb1, Hb4) and parent strains namely A-15, U3 of A. bisporusThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID(S) OF Agaricus bisporus (Lange) IMBACH AND THEIR EVALUATION FOR HIGHER YIELD(2012) SHARMA, MANJU; SUMAN, B.C.ABSTRACT The present investigations entitled “Development of hybrid(s) of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach and their evaluation for higher yield” were undertaken to isolates the homokaryons from different parental strains, their identification by fruiting trials and by ISSR markers, matings compatible homokaryons to produce hybrids, spawn preparation and production efficiency including other aspects like physiological studies and molecular characterization of developed hybrids. one thousand six hundred forty two single spore isolates were raised from parental strains namely A-15, S 11, S140 and U3 of Agaricus bisporus. These 1642, single spore isolates showed fluffy, appressed and strand types of growth. Out of those only 36 single spore isolates (nine from each parent strains to maintain uniform pattern) which were supposed to be homokaryons on the basis of slow mycelial growth rate and appressed types of colony morphology were selected for future studies. All single spore isolates with appressed types of colony morphology produced no fruit bodies in any replication. However the strandy slow growing single spore isolates produced fruit bodies in all replication. For the molecular characterization of selected monokaryons from each parents, six inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) marker were used. In the ISSR fingerprints of putative single spore isolates from A-15, S11, S140 and U3 strains of Agaricus bisporus, homokaryons lacked amplification products at multiple loci; these grows slowly and all of them had appressed colony morphology. Primers P3 in A-15, P39 in S11, P30 in S-140 and P8 in U3 strains of Agaricus bisporus were proved to be the best due to the sharpness of banding patterns. Out of the two hundred fifty three (253) crosses, only seven crosses between the parents were compatible because compatible colonies got fused with each other and at the point of their contact some raised growth was observed whereas in case of incompatible colonies in Petri plate, growth usually stoped as colonies approached near each other. Anastomosis or intermingling of compatible myceliums were also observed under the microscope. The yield studies showed that that hybrid Hb4, produced highest average yield (26.94kg/100kg compost) and also exhibited better qualities as compared to other isolates. Four hybrids with higher production than parent strains were taken up for studying physiological requirement and molecular characterization in detail. Among various solid media studied malt extract agar media supported maximum average mycelial growth and in case of liquid media, glucose asparagine medium supported maximum average mycelia growth and dry weight and in case and was used as a basal medium for further physiological studies. The optimum temperature and pH for the growth of different hybrids and parent strains were found to be 25OC and 6.5 respectively. Among the carbon and nitrogen sources, best growth of different hybrids including the parent strains was recorded on maltose and proline respectively on liquid as well as on solid media. In case of vitamins and growth regulators thiamine and gibberelic acid supported maximum growth of all the hybrids including the parent strains both on liquid and solid medium. RAPD studies shown that the percentage of polymorphism detected was 60.00 per cent. Maximum number of bands were produced by OPP-07 primer, while primer OPO-02 yielded maximum number of unique bands in hybrid Hb4 as compared to other primers. ITS studies showed that all the isolates exhibited identical ITS length of approximately near about 650 bp. The newly developed best hybrids namely Hb1 and Hb4 showed 33.00 per cent and 31.00 per cent molecular variation respectively as compared to the commercially used strain (U3). The ITS region showed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at six nucleotide position of 281, 290, 291,292, 293, 295 and 300 base pair in the ITS region of the best developed hybrids (Hb1, Hb4) and parent strains namely A-15, U3 of A. bisporusThesisItem Open Access INNOVATIVE METHODS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CARNATION WILT CAUSED BY Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi (Prill. and Del.) Snyd. and Hans(2012) VERMA, SAVITA; GAUTAM, H.R.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Innovative methods for the management of carnation wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi (Prill. and Del.) Snyd. and Hans.” was conducted in the laboratories and experimental farm of the Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology and also at the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping. During the survey of the disease, 12.9-37.35 per cent incidence of wilt was recorded. Among different fungicides tested in vitro bavistin was found most effective with 92.04 per cent average inhibition in mycelial growth of the wilt pathogen. Among different soil amendments, neem cake was found most effective in reducing the incidence of wilt and improving various plant growth as well as quality parameters. Soil solarisation with transparent polyethylene sheet for 40 days resulted in an increase of 8.2 ºC in average maximum soil temperature at 5cm soil depth in comparison to unsolarized soil in the polyhouse. Soil solarisation of the pathogen culture with transparent polyethylene sheet at 5cm soil depth for 40 days resulted in 83.76 per cent reduction in viable propagules of the wilt pathogen in comparison to unsolarized beds at same depth in polyhouse. Soil solarisation increased the incubation period of the disease by 43.6 per cent and also reduced the wilt incidence by 66.67 per cent with transparent polyethylene sheet at 5cm soil depth. Among different bio-control agents evaluated under in vitro conditions against wilt pathogen, T. viride and T. harzianum were found at par in efficacy with 67.5 and 65.6 per cent inhibition in mycelial growth of the wilt pathogen, respectively. Among bacterial antagonists, A. chroococcum was found most effective with 57.7 per cent mycelial growth inhibition. Out of nine bio-formulations tested in vitro condition, Neemazal was found most effective with 73.06 per cent average inhibition in mycelial growth of the wilt pathogen. Dip treatment of unrooted carnation cuttings in Bavistin (0.1%) or Quintal (0.2%) was found most effective and completely checked the incidence of wilt in cuttings. Treatment of unrooted carnation cuttings with Bavistin also resulted in maximum increase in average plant height and root length by 66.0 and 440.5 per cent. Among bio-control agents, dip of cuttings in Trichoderma viride was found most effective with 2.3 per cent incidence of wilt and it resulted in 73.1 per cent average increase in plant height and 586.4 per cent average increase in root length. Among botanicals and bio-pesticides, dip of cuttings in Neemajal was found most effective with 11.9 per cent incidence of wilt and it resulted in 51.9 per cent average increase in plant height and 597.6 per cent average increase in root length. Seven native species of AM fungi related to four genera viz., Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Entrophospora sp. were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the carnation field. Treatment combination of soil solarization with AMUHF + AZUHF + Trichoderma viride formulation was found most effective with 90.9 per cent reduction in the wilt incidence and in improving various plant growth as well as quality parameters. Treatment combination of soil solarization with AMUHF + AZUHF + Trichoderma viride formulation resulted in 81.5 per cent reduction in viable propagules of the wilt pathogen. Treatment combination of soil solarization with AMUHF + AZUHF + Trichoderma viride formulation also found most effective with an increase of 2388.9 per cent in AMF spore population with root colonization of 21.6 per cent. Treatment combination of soil solarization with root dip of cuttings in Bavistin (0.1%) along with application of Neemcake as soil amendment (1kg/m2) and AMUHF + AZUHF (each 5g/plant as root inoculation of cuttings) + T. viride (10g/1kg of FYM/m2 as soil application) was found most effective with 97.1 per cent reduction in the wilt incidence and also recorded maximum increase of 50.97, 100.4, 39.2, 57.3, 122.2 per cent in plant height, number of flowers per plant, flower size, length of flowering stem and stem strength with A grade flowers, respectively and also recorded 15.22 and 52.55 days to 1st flowering and flowering period, respectively in comparison to unsolarized and unamended control.