INNOVATIVE METHODS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CARNATION WILT CAUSED BY Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi (Prill. and Del.) Snyd. and Hans
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Date
2012
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present investigation entitled “Innovative methods for the management of carnation wilt caused by Fusarium
oxysporum f.sp. dianthi (Prill. and Del.) Snyd. and Hans.” was conducted in the laboratories and experimental farm of the
Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology and also at the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping. During the
survey of the disease, 12.9-37.35 per cent incidence of wilt was recorded. Among different fungicides tested in vitro bavistin
was found most effective with 92.04 per cent average inhibition in mycelial growth of the wilt pathogen. Among different
soil amendments, neem cake was found most effective in reducing the incidence of wilt and improving various plant growth
as well as quality parameters. Soil solarisation with transparent polyethylene sheet for 40 days resulted in an increase of 8.2
ºC in average maximum soil temperature at 5cm soil depth in comparison to unsolarized soil in the polyhouse. Soil
solarisation of the pathogen culture with transparent polyethylene sheet at 5cm soil depth for 40 days resulted in 83.76 per
cent reduction in viable propagules of the wilt pathogen in comparison to unsolarized beds at same depth in polyhouse. Soil
solarisation increased the incubation period of the disease by 43.6 per cent and also reduced the wilt incidence by 66.67 per
cent with transparent polyethylene sheet at 5cm soil depth. Among different bio-control agents evaluated under in vitro
conditions against wilt pathogen, T. viride and T. harzianum were found at par in efficacy with 67.5 and 65.6 per cent
inhibition in mycelial growth of the wilt pathogen, respectively. Among bacterial antagonists, A. chroococcum was found
most effective with 57.7 per cent mycelial growth inhibition. Out of nine bio-formulations tested in vitro condition,
Neemazal was found most effective with 73.06 per cent average inhibition in mycelial growth of the wilt pathogen. Dip
treatment of unrooted carnation cuttings in Bavistin (0.1%) or Quintal (0.2%) was found most effective and completely
checked the incidence of wilt in cuttings. Treatment of unrooted carnation cuttings with Bavistin also resulted in maximum
increase in average plant height and root length by 66.0 and 440.5 per cent. Among bio-control agents, dip of cuttings in
Trichoderma viride was found most effective with 2.3 per cent incidence of wilt and it resulted in 73.1 per cent average
increase in plant height and 586.4 per cent average increase in root length. Among botanicals and bio-pesticides, dip of
cuttings in Neemajal was found most effective with 11.9 per cent incidence of wilt and it resulted in 51.9 per cent average
increase in plant height and 597.6 per cent average increase in root length. Seven native species of AM fungi related to four
genera viz., Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Entrophospora sp. were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the carnation
field. Treatment combination of soil solarization with AMUHF + AZUHF + Trichoderma viride formulation was found most
effective with 90.9 per cent reduction in the wilt incidence and in improving various plant growth as well as quality
parameters. Treatment combination of soil solarization with AMUHF + AZUHF + Trichoderma viride formulation resulted
in 81.5 per cent reduction in viable propagules of the wilt pathogen. Treatment combination of soil solarization with
AMUHF + AZUHF + Trichoderma viride formulation also found most effective with an increase of 2388.9 per cent in AMF
spore population with root colonization of 21.6 per cent. Treatment combination of soil solarization with root dip of cuttings
in Bavistin (0.1%) along with application of Neemcake as soil amendment (1kg/m2) and AMUHF + AZUHF (each 5g/plant
as root inoculation of cuttings) + T. viride (10g/1kg of FYM/m2 as soil application) was found most effective with 97.1 per
cent reduction in the wilt incidence and also recorded maximum increase of 50.97, 100.4, 39.2, 57.3, 122.2 per cent in plant
height, number of flowers per plant, flower size, length of flowering stem and stem strength with A grade flowers,
respectively and also recorded 15.22 and 52.55 days to 1st flowering and flowering period, respectively in comparison to
unsolarized and unamended control.
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Keywords
diseases, fungi, planting, pathogens, soil solarization, vegetative propagation, developmental stages, biological phenomena, biological development, application methods, carnation wilt,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi (Prill. and Del.) Snyd. and Hans, diseases, fungi, planting, pathogens, soil solarization, vegetative propagation, developmental stages, biological phenomena, biological development, application methods