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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF APRICOT (Prunus armeniaca L.) GERMPLASM(UHF Nauni, 2024-02-27) BUNTY SHYLLA; Dr Dharam Paul SharmaThe present study entitled “Morphological and molecular characterization of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) germplasm” was conducted to evaluate the morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of thirty nine apricot accessions during 2022 and 2023. Bulk of the variation was accounted for by the first 12 components in qualitative traits; first 3 components in quantitative traits and first 2 in biochemical attribute which accounted for 79.80%, 68.401%, and 77.117 % of the total variation in a PCA plot, respectively. Phylogenic analysis separated all accessions into two major clusters A and B having 32 and 7 accessions in terms of qualitative traits; 38 and 1 in quantitative and 11 and 28 in biochemical attributes, respectively. Out of 39 accessions only 21 accessions showed promising characters in terms of fruit weight, colour, shape, TSS, and weak adherence to stone that could benefit the farming community. Molecular characterization using 46 SSR markers produced a total of 974 alleles with an average of 33.59 alleles per locus with PIC values ranging from 0.16 to 0.50. PCR product of 15 accessions mostly indigenous collections and also Shakarpara that revealed unique bands were sequenced and subjected to BLAST search which revealed a high degree of homology with a number of Prunus dulcis DNA. A high quality reference genome for apricot is still unavailable thereby limiting the elucidation of the associations of phenotypes with genetic background and varietal diversity in apricots. Hence in order to generate better information for effective genetic diversity assessment there is a need for future sequencing, assembly and annotation of the apricot genome. This will provide more important gene resources for future studies on apricot and will provide a new direction towards future crop improvement programme through breeding.ThesisItem Open Access HORMONAL MODULATION OF PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF KINNOW MANDARIN (CITRUS RETICULATA BLANCO) UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2024-02-05) ROHIT SHARMA; Shashi K SharmaThe present investigations on “Hormonal modulation of productivity and quality of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) under rainfed conditions of Himachal Pradesh” were carried out on rainfed Kinnow mandarin orchard at Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Jachh (Nurpur), District-Kangra (HP) India during the year 2020-2022. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with treatment combinations of nine hormonal treatments (HBR @ 0.25 ppm, HBR @ 0.50 ppm, SA @ 5 ppm, SA @ 10 ppm, MeJA @ 10 ppm, MeJA @ 20 ppm, GA3 @ 10 ppm, GA3 @ 20 ppm, Control (Water spray)) and seven levels of the stages of hormonal spray (at fruit set (1st week of April), fruit cell expansion (1st week of June), fruit filling (1st week of October), fruit set +fruit cell expansion, fruit cell expansion +fruit filling, fruit set +fruit filling and fruit set +fruit cell expansion +fruit filling). Each treatment combination was replicated four times with four plants per replication. The results revealed that the treatment combination H2S7 i.e. homo-brassinolide spray at a concentration 0.50 ppm applied thrice respectively during period of water deficit coinciding with fruit set, fruit cell expansion and fruit filling stage registered highest increase in trunk cross sectional area, tree height, shoot extension growth, shoot diameter, tree spread, tree volume and leaf area index. Fruiting parameters viz. earliest first flower, full bloom, fruit set were also significantly higher under treatment combination H2S7. The minimum fruit drop was recorded under treatment combination H8S7 (GA3 @ 20 ppm spray at three time application at fruit set, fruit cell expansion and fruit filling stage). Fruits harvested from treatment combination H2S7 (homo-brassinolide @ 0.50 ppm applied three time of water deficit) were significantly superior in physico-chemical fruit quality characteristics viz. fruit size, weight, volume, TSS, sugars (total, reducing and non reducing) and ascorbic acid content as compared to other treatment combinations. The tree under treatment combination H6S7 i.e. methyl jasmonate spray at a concentration 20 ppm applied thrice at fruit set, fruit cell expansion and fruit filling stages recorded highest RWC of leaf, proline content, peroxidase activity, protease activity, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance as compared to other treatment combination. Leaf nutrient content (N,P,K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) were recorded significantly higher under H2S7. It implies that homo-brassinolide spray at a concentration 0.50 ppm applied at fruit set, fruit cell expansion and fruit filling. The soil available nutrient (N, P and K) were also significantly higher under hormonal application H6 i.e. methyl jasmonate @ 20 ppm and S7 (at fruit set, fruit cell expansion and fruit filling stage) stage of application as compare to the control (water spray). In concern to yield and yield efficiency, significantly higher values were recorded under treatment combination H2S7. On the basis of results obtained in the present investigation, it has been concluded that treatment combination H2S7 i.e. homo-brassinolide spray at a concentration 0.50 ppm applied during periods of water deficit coinciding with fruit set, fruit cell expansion and fruit filling stages was found to be the best treatment as it resulted in significantly higher plant morphophysiological parameters, flowering parameters, fruit physico-chemical parameters, leaf nutritional parameters, yield and yield efficiency parameters was concerned. This treatment combination was closely followed H6S7 (methyl jasmonate @ 20 ppm applied thrice fruit set, fruit cell expansion and fruit filling stages) for most of the plant parameters studied.ThesisItem Open Access SURVEY AND SELECTION OF NATURALLY OCCURRING WILD KIWI (Actinidia callosa Lindl.) FROM NORTHEAST INDIA(UHF,NAUNI, 2024-01-20) ABHILASH PADHAN; DINESH SINGH THAKURABSTRACT The present study “Survey and selection of naturally occurring wild kiwi (Actinidia callosa Lindl.) from Northeast India” aimed to assess the nature and magnitude of variability in wild kiwi vines growing in wild state in the forest of Sikkim. On the basis of pre selection survey, a total of 91 healthy and bearing vines (out of which 81 female and 10 male) were marked across wild kiwi growing areas of North Sikkim during 2021-2023. Vine vigor was observed to be weak to medium to strong to very among the female genotypes and weak to medium to strong among the male genotypes. Trunk girth and stem thickness varied between 4.00-63.50 cm and 8.60-88.55 mm, among the female genotypes of North Sikkim. The leaf blade shape varied from lanceolate to ovate among both female and male genotype. The yield and yield efficiency were ranged from 1.80-28.50 kg/vine and 0.01-5.89 kg/cm2 among the female genotypes. The physical characters like fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width (diameter), fruit size, length to width ratio, length of stalk ranged from 1.57-9.16 g, 17.02-32.68 mm, 12.72-22.83 mm, 216.49-722.15 mm2, 0.98-1.75 and 10.35-26.38 mm, respectively among the female genotypes. Range for TSS, titratable acidity, total sugars, reducing sugars, nonreducing sugars, sugar acid ratio, ascorbic acid and total phenols content was 11.45-17.76 °B, 0.42- 1.26 per cent, 4.61-10.60 per cent, 3.49-8.30 per cent, 0.97-2.70 per cent, 6.49-14.73, 26.00-106.60 mg/100g, 24.27-94.88 mg GAE/100g, respectively. High heritability with high value of genetic gain was obtained for trunk girth, stem thickness, leaf area, fruit weight, total phenols and fruit yield among the female genotypes under study indicating these as simply inherited characters governed by few major genes and were less influenced by environment and therefore, selection of these characters would be more effective for cultivar improvement. Out of the total 81 female wild kiwi vines, 6 superior female genotypes for horticulturally desirable traits and 9 other female genotypes as genetic resources, whereas out of the 10 male vines, 2 superior male genotypes for superior pollinating traits were selected and field conserved for further evaluation. SignatureThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT AND SHOOT BENDING ON GROWTH AND FRUITING OF PLUM (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cv. BLACK AMBER(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-10-21) ANSHUL SHYAM; DHARAM PAL SHARMAAbstract The present study entitled “Effect of integrated nutrient management and shoot bending on growth and fruiting of plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cv. Black Amber” was conducted at farmer’s orchard in Village Mangsu, Distt. Shimla (H.P.) during 2021 and 2022. The study was conducted in 2 experiments. The experiment-I on integrated nutrient management consisted of 11 treatments with 4 replications in randomized block design (RBD). The chemical fertilizer (NPK) were applied at 4 levels of the recommended doses of fertilizers i.e. 100%, 80%, 70%, and 80%, as per package of practices of the University. Farmyard manure and vermicompost were applied to compensate the 10% and 20% recommended dose of nitrogen. Microbial inoculants were biofertilizer (Azotobacter and PSB) and jeevamrit. The treatment T6 (70 % RDF + 10 % RDN through vermicompost + biofertilizer) recorded the highest annual shoot growth, fruit set, fruit yield, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, fruit firmness, soil organic carbon, water holding capacity, soil porosity, soil Azotobacter count, soil dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activity. Whereas, treatment T7 (70 % RDF + 10 % RDN through vermicompost + jeevamrit) recorded the maximum percent increase in tree volume, leaf chlorophyll content and fruit quality attributes namely. fruit weight, fruit size, TSS, total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars content. All the treatments maintained the leaf nutrient status in optimum range during the study. The results of present investigation reveal the improved tree growth and productivity with lowering the fertilizer use in the orchard. The experiment-II consisted of 3 bending angle (45°, 60° and 90°) and 6 heading back treatments (25% head back, no head back, 50% head back, April pinching, May pinching and June pinching) with 3 replications in factorial RBD design. The fruiting and yield were significantly increased with increase in bending angle 90°>60°>45°, especially during the early years of plantation. The reduction in lateral growth was recorded in bent shoots due to reduction in annual growth increment. The integration of modern training and integrated nutrient management techniques in the plum orchard can help in maintaining the tree vigour and improve fruit quality.ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF KIWIFRUIT (Actinidia spp.) GERMPLASM(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-11-09) POOJA KUMARI; VISHAL S RANAABSTRACT The present investigation entitled "Characterization of kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) germplasm through morphological and molecular analysis," aimed to assess the genetic diversity of 40 genotypes belonging to three Actinidia species: Actinidia arguta (10 genotypes), Actinidia chinensis (24 genotypes) and Actinidia deliciosa (6 genotypes) in the experimental field and Molecular Breeding Laboratory of Department of Fruit Science, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. There was significant variation in the quantitative characteristics studied, including shoot thickness, leaf blade length and width, leaf area, petiole length, number of flowers per shoot and flowering duration. Morphological characteristics were recorded as per the National Test guidelines for DUS by UPOV. The variation in qualitative parameters namely, vine sex forms, stem: texture of bark, leaf blade shape, shape of apex and type of inflorescence among three species were also observed. The diverse genotypes based on the morphological characterization were, A-3 (♀), A-4 (♀), A-9 (♂), A-6 (♀) and A-10 (⚥) in Actinidia arguta, while, PS-3 (♀), PS-4 (♀), PS-5 (♀), PS-7(♂), PS-8 (♂), PS-9 (♀) and PS-19 (♂) in Actinidia chinensis and Allison (♀), Bruno (♀), Monty (♀) and Tomuri (♂) in Actinidia deliciosa. Out of total 21 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) primers, seven primers UDK96- 009, UDK96-016, UDK96-030, UDK96-033, UDK 96-026, UDK96-035 and UDK 96-034 showed polymorphism (31.98 %) with PIC value 0.210. The distinctive genotypes on the basis of above primers used were A-2 (♀), A-4 (♀), A-5 (♂), A-6 (♀), A-9 (♂) and A-10 (⚥) in Actinidia arguta, while, in Actinidia chinensis, PS-1 (♀), PS-8 (♂), PS-10 (♂), PS-12 (♂), PS-13(♂), PS-14 (♂), PS-15 (♂), PS-17 (♂) and PS-24 (♂) and in Actinidia deliciosa, Allison (♀), Bruno (♀), Monty (♀) and Tomuri (♂). The observed genetic richness of superior genotypes and the information generated during the study can be used as selection indices for improvement in kiwifruit breeding programs.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS ON APPLE PRODUCTION IN DRY TEMPERATE REGION(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-11-03) HIMANSHU MEHTA; PRAMOND KUMARAbstract The present investigation on “Impact assessment of natural integrated farming systemson apple production in dry temperate region” was carried out in dry temperate region of Himachal Pradesh during 2021-22. Trees of cultivar Royal Delicious in age between 20 to 25 years were selected. Three blocks of district Kinnaur viz., Nichar, Kalpa, and Pooh were selected. A representative sample size of five sub-locations with four orchards in each sub-location and apple based cropping systems (CS) was collected from each block. On the basis of apparent performance, five randomly selected trees from each of the optimum sample size of 60 orchards were adopted. The current study also examined the significance of microbial communities on nutrient dynamics and biological cycling on apple cropping behavior in legumes, pulses, and millets based cropping systems. Apple + pea cropping CS increased plant height, tree girth, canopy diameter, shoot growth, and apple leaf area by 7.92, 12.44, 5.87, 16.02, and 13.31 per cent, respectively. The maximum generative traits of trees were measured both for apple + pea and apple + kidney bean CS in terms of TCSA (253.61 and 243.97 cm2), TCV (61.82 and 59.37 m3), and canopy area (16.61 and 16.21 m2), respectively. Fruit set and yield in apple + pea was determined to be 2.70, 3.78, and 3.45, 7.47 times higher than those in apple + buckwheat. Agromorphological and biochemical characteristics of apple were positively affected by different farming systems. Soil pH changed towards neutral. When compared to monoculture, apple + pea CS showed an increase in SOC, available N, P and K of 33.33, 32.74, 21.68, and 25.70 per cent, respectively. Intercropping pea, kidney beans, and buckwheat had significant effects on the DTPA extractable micronutrients. Microbial biomass, measured in terms of bacteria, actinomycetes, soil fungi, Azotobacter, and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, were improved over monoculture cropping by 1.60, 1.27, 1.49, 1.47, and 1.72 times, respectively. AM fungal spore count which ranged from 82.1 to 175.8 spores per 50 g of soil and 158.12 to 268.68 mg/kg of microbial biomass carbon. AM fungal species, Glomus was most common in apple orchards under various cropping systems studied. Apple + pea CS also increased the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase in rhizosphere by 32.62 and 33.09 per cent, respectively. Leaf N, P, and K in leaf varied from 1.85-2.36, 0.157-0.200 and 1.24-1.51 per cent, respectively. With the exception of soil pH and EC, the relationship of fruit yield with leaf nutrient content, soil properties and generative traits was positive and significant. Multiple regressions examined that the leaf nutrient content and generative traits also accounted for almost all of the variation towards fruit yield. Path analysis indicated that leaf nutrient content, generative traits, chemical and microbial properties of soil exerted a positive direct effect on yield. Studies employing PCA determined that the first principal component (PC1) caused the greatest cumulative variance of 97.19 per cent. Soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, rhizosphere microbial population and nutrient availability were improved as a consequence of intercropped residues left over after harvest. Consequently, the study concluded that transitioning to apple based cropping systems has positive effects on the crop performance which can be a viable alternative to conventional farming.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF NANO-N AND BIO-ORGANIC SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS ON PLANT GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF APRICOT (Prunus armeniaca L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-11-30) BHAWNA KAUSHAL; D P SHARMAABSTRACT The present study entitled “Studies on the effect of nano-N and bio-organic sources of nutrients on plant growth, yield and quality of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)” was conducted during the year 2021 and 2022 in the apricot block of Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Bock Design with 4 replications comprising 9 treatments viz; T1-RDF (500:250:700 NPK), T2-Nano N @ 0.1% + 80 % RDN + full dose of P and K with 40 kg FYM, T3-Nano N @ 0.2% + 80 % RD-N + full dose of P and K with 40 kg FYM, T4-Nano N @ 0.1% + 60 % RD-N+ full dose of P and K with 40 kg FYM, T5-Nano N @ 0.2% + 60 % RD-N + full dose of P and K with 40 kg FYM, T6 - Ghanjeevamrit; 15 kg/tree + Jeevamrit; 3.5 litre/plant at monthly intervals, T7-PGPR; 1 litre/plant + Jeevamrit; 3.5 litre/plant at monthly intervals, T8-PGPR; 2 litre/plant, T9- Jeevamrit; 6.5 litre/plant at monthly interval. On the basis of results obtained in present investigation, concluded that treatment T3 (Nano N @ 0.2 % + 80 % of RDN + recommended dose of P and K with 40 kg FYM) registered most significant impact on plant growth, fruiting, soil nutrients content, plant nutrients content and benefit cost ratio in comparison to other nutrient sources of nutrients. In terms of fruit quality parameters (TSS, Titratable acidity, sugars, ascorbic acid content), microbial activity and enzymatic activity was significantly influenced by integrated bio-organic treatments as compare to inorganic treatments.ThesisItem Open Access SELECTION OF BACTERIAL BLIGHT (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae) RESISTANT SOURCE FROM INDIGENOUS WILD POPULATIONS OF Punica granatum L. (Daru) AND HYBRIDIZATION STUDIES(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-11-04) RAHUL SHARMA; SOM DEV SHARMAABSTRACT The present investigation focussed on selecting bacterial blight-resistant sources from indigenous wild populations of Punica granatum (Daru) and conducting hybridization studies. The study involved surveying and collecting wild Daru germplasm, followed by screening the collected genotypes for resistance against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae. Phylogenetic analysis using SSR markers provided insights into the genetic relationships among the resistant germplasm. The study also involved conducting attached leaf assays to evaluate the resistance of genotypes under more realistic conditions. Several genotypes exhibited potential resistance, with SH-14 and SH-16 showing the lowest disease severity and scores. Principal component analysis and clustering helped group the genotypes based on variability and identified genotypes conferring resistance. The genetic diversity studies using SSR markers revealed a high level of polymorphism and unique bands in certain genotypes. Hybridization studies involved crossing disease-resistant genotypes with commercial pomegranate cultivars. The cross Bhagwa × SH-16 showed the highest fruit set percentage, followed by Bhagwa × SL-23. Conversely, crosses involving Kandhari Kabuli × SL-23, Kandhari Kabuli × SH-16, and other combinations had lower fruit set percentages. Fruit retention percentages varied among different cross combinations, with the highest recorded in Bhagwa × SL-23 and Kandhari Kabuli × SR-11, while Phule Super Bhagwa × SH-16 had the lowest fruit retention. These findings contribute to the identification of bacterial blight-resistant sources and provide insights for further breeding and selection of pomegranate genotypes with improved resistance and yield potential. The future research activities will focus on evaluating hybrid progenies, constructing genetic linkage maps, and identifying specific genes associated with bacterial blight resistance in pomegranate. These efforts aim to develop improved cultivars with enhanced resistance, leading to increased productivity and decreased losses from the disease.ThesisItem Open Access INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF NANO ZINC, AM FUNGI AND SELENOBACTERIA FOR SELENIUM BIOFORTIFICATION IN STRAWBERRY (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2023-09-28) DIVYA PANDEY; JITENDER K CHAUHANABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Interactive effects of nano zinc, AM fungi and selenobacteria for selenium biofortification in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)” was carried out during two consecutive years 2020-21 and 2021-22 under protected conditions, with the objectives to assess the impact of nanozinc, the viability of coinoculating AMF and selenobacteria to increase Se content, as well as their potential interactions on strawberry yield and quality. Eighteen treatment combinations arranged in a randomized complete block design comprising two levels of AM fungi viz., without AM fungi (AM0) and with AM fungi (AM1); three levels of selenobacteria namely, SeB0, SeB1 and SeB2 (without selenobacteria, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Alcaligenes faecalis, respectively) and three levels of foliar nano zinc oxide viz., ZnO0, ZnO1 and ZnO2 (0, 100 and 200 ppm, respectively). The interaction of AM1 × SeB1 × ZnO1 i.e. plants rhizoinoculated with AM fungi, selenobacterial strain Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and foliar application of nano zinc oxide @ 100ppm, resulted in the highest cumulative fruit number (36.02 per plant), fruit yield per plant (611.18 g) and yield efficiency (7.34 g/cm2 LA) in strawberry plants. However, the above interaction also recorded, highest values of total soluble solids (10.46 ˚Brix), titratable acidity (0.77%), total sugars (7.54%), fruit anthocyanin content (45.29 mg/100 ml) and fruit zinc content (36.40 ppm). Fruit phosphorus and selenium content increased significantly as a result of the AM1 × SeB1 (i.e. AM fungi and selenobacterial strain Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) with measured values of 0.37% and 0.80 μg/g, respectively. Maximum values for acid phosphatase enzyme (151.03 g pNPP/g/ha soil) and alkaline phosphatase enzyme (222.55 g pNPP/g/ha soil) were found in the strawberry field with the interaction, AM1 × SeB1 × ZnO1.
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