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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. wood characteristics using plant extracts as biopreservatives(YSPU, 2016) Gupta, Heena; Sharma, K.R.The present investigation entitled “Studies on Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. wood characteristics using plant extracts as biopreservatives” was carried out in the Department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, UHF Campus, Nauni, Solan (H.P.). The wood samples of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. of size 5cm x 2.5cm x 2.5cm (longitudinal x radial x tangential) were prepared. These wood samples were dip treated in control, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2 % (w/v) plant extracts of Lantana camaraL. and Ageratum conyzoidesL. for 72 hours. These plant extracts were extracted by using two solvents viz. petroleum ether and methanol solutions. The wood samples were analysed for variation of specific gravity, swelling and shrinkage of wood in three different planes viz longitudinal, radial and tangential, per cent weight gain of treated anduntreated wood on dry weight basis, per cent weight gain of treated and untreated wood on wet weight basis, weight percentage gain, volumetric swelling coefficient, volumetric shrinkage coefficient, anti-swelling efficiency, anti-shrinkage efficiency, hromium absorption, Chromium leaching, Chromium retention, variation in treated and untreated wood after Chromium absorption on dry weight basis (Swelling) and wet weight basis (Shrinkage), variation in treated and untreated wood after Chromium leaching on dry weight basis (Swelling) and wet weight basis (Shrinkage), in vitromycelial growth of Polyporussp., per cent fungal growth on plant extracts and Chromium treated wood samples, per cent fungal inhibition by plant extracts and Chromium treated wood samples, ecay test for 2 months and three months period and qualitative and quantitative enzyme assays. The maximum value of specific gravity was recorded at 2.00 per cent concentration. The maximum swelling and rinkage of wood samples have been recorded for tangential plane followed by radial and longitudinal planes. The highest volumetric swelling and shrinkage coefficient, were observed for Ageratum conyzoides L. at T (2.00%) and control respectively. Per cent variation in weight of treated and untreated wood on dry weight basis (Swelling) and wet weight basis (Shrinkage) were found to be maximum for Lantana camaraL. The treated samples have shown improved anti-swelling and anti-shrinkage efficiency over untreated samples.The extract treated wood samples have shown an increased dimensional stability over untreated samples. With increase in plant extract concentration the Chromium retention in wood increased (upto 1%) and was found maximum for Ageratum conyzoidesL. reated samples where, petroleum ether was usedas a solvent. More variation in swelling and shrinkage after Chromium absorption was observed in Lantana camara L. treated wood samples. The treated wood samples have shown more fixation of Chromium trioxide over untreated samples. The maximum funguscolonization was observed in untreated samples. The decay test upto 3 months showed more weight loss ascompared to 2 months. The treatment of samples at higher concentrations where, petroleum ether was used as a solvent proved to be effective in protection against the fungal degradation. Quantitative and qualitative analysis indicated that the fungus was capable of producing cellulase, xylanase and laccase enzymes showing its capability of degreading the wood.ThesisItem Open Access Site characteristics and regeneration studies of bani oak (Quercus glauca Thunberg) in Himachal Pradesh(YSPU, 2016) Tesfaye, Amare; Bhardwaj, D.R.The study was carried out at Quercus glaucabearing forests of Solan, Nareg and Sarhan forest ranges of Himachal Pradesh, India during the year 2013-2015. Six forest sites viz.: Solan,Oachghat, Deothal, Narag, Chakla and Tikri were non randomly selected to assess effects of phytosociology, stand characteristics and site conditions in natural regeneration of the species as well as effects of stratification media, stratification duration, acorn size and pre-sowing treatments on germination and growth characteristics Quercus glauca seedlings. Data collection, analysis and interpretation were conducted based onstandard field, laboratory and statistical procedures. Stand structure, species composition, site characteristics and status of natural regeneration varied alot in the study sites. Natural regeneration of Quercus glauca was better at Oachghat and Narag forest sites, in which major tree associates were Machilus duthiei, Dalbergia sissoo, Bauhinia variegate, Pinus roxburghii, Pyrus pashia and Myrica esculenta. Natural regeneration of Quercus glauca was positively related to soil moisture content, organic carbon and organic matter layer and it was negatively related to soil pH and solar influx. In general, natural regeneration increased with increase in tree density but it decreased with increase in shrub and herb density. In the stratification trial, highest germination of acornswere recorded under farmyard manure media (51.8 %)and 45 days stratification duration (49.5%). Shaded growing conditions had been found better in germination, survival and seedling growth characteristics than open nursery conditions. Germination was higher in nutrient rich stratification media. Total sugar content was increasing, whereas, starch and soluble protein content of acorns was decreasing with increase in germination. Application of 100 ppm GA3 treatment and exposed embryo had higher germination for chemical and physical pre-sowing treatments under laboratory conditions, respectively. Physical pre-sowing treatments had also better performance in germination than chemical pre-sowing treatments. The study concluded that maintaining tree density and plant associates that enhanced natural regeneration of Quercus glaucashould be preserved for the sustenance of the species. The use physical pre-sowing treatments in combination of shaded growing conditions should be encouraged for artificial reproduction of the species.ThesisItem Open Access “Studies on growth potential, biomass production and nutrient status of Acacia catechu Willd. under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh”(2016) SANYAM; GUPTA, N.K.ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled, “Studies on growth potential, biomass production and nutrient status of Acacia catechu Willd. under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out during the year 2013-2015 at 24 sites under 6 different forest types viz. Dry Shiwalik Sal forest, Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous forest, Dry Deciduous Scrub forest, Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest and Dry Riverine forest including 1 Acacia catechu plantation. The various observations regarding different growth parameters, standing volume and aboveground biomass was taken from trees present in the sample plot. Total volume, biomass and carbon were maximum under Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest. However, in case of Acacia catechu, maximum volume was observed under Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest while maximum biomass and carbon was observed under Acacia catechu plantations. Crown width and crown area were maximum under Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest. Total Established stocking % as well as Established stocking % w.r.t. Acacia catechu was maximum under Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest. Statistically significant variations were observed for all the parameters under different forest types. The plant genetic spectrum comprised of rich diversity made up of 74 genera with 86 species belonging to 43 families. SDI for trees was maximum under Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest, while for shrubs and herbs it was maximum under Dry Riverine forest and Acacia catechu plantations respectively. All soil parameters (organic carbon, bulk density, electrical conductivity, available nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus) showed a decreasing trend with increasing depth except soil pH. Nutrient concentration was more in case of foliage than branches in all the forest types.ThesisItem Open Access LINE X TESTER ANALYSIS IN POPULUS DELTOIDES BARTR.(2016) DOBHAL, SNEHA; THAKUR, SANJEEVABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Line X Tester analysis in Populus deltoides Bartr” was carried out in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2013-2015. There was a collection of Populus deltoides female and male clones/strains/species procured from State Forest Department, Haldwani and Shyampur, Haridwar Forest Division and maintained in the germplasm block of Naganji nursery from which 11 male and 13 female clones were included in the reproductive study and the selected plant material of 4 females (G-48, S1, S7C8 and L62/84) and 4 males (S 7 C 11 , L-17/92, L-124/86 and S 7 C 1 ) clones were crossed using Line x Tester (4 x 4) mating design. Control crossing was done and seedlings were raised in the nursery at stage-1 and were evaluated for morphological characters. In stage-2 clonal cuttings of selected individuals were raised in RBD and were evaluated for morphological, physiological and wood characters. Line x tester analysis for combining ability revealed that that line S1 and tester L-17/92 were found to be good general combiners. On the basis of heterosis over better control, mean performance and significant desirable SCA effects were recorded for morphological, physiological and wood characters and the combinations L-62/84 X S7C1 and L-62/84 X L-17/92 were found to be the most promising families. The estimates of SCA variance (σ2 SCA)) were more than the GCA variance (σ2 GCA for all the characters studied. The gene action study revealed that dominance variance was observed more than the additive variance for all the parameters studied. The proportional contribution of lines was higher than individual contribution of testers or line × tester interaction except for plant height, collar diameter, internodal length, leaf area, maximum width of leaf, angle between the mid rib and 2nd lower lateral mid rib, shoot bark thickness, root bark thickness, fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, dry root weight, dry root shoot ratio, root length, total fresh weight, total dry weight, stomatal conductance and fibre length. Among 18 SSR markers, fifteen markers showed monomorphic allelic pattern, the remaining three markers (PMGC-2060, PMGC-2020 and PMGC-451) showed polymorphic patternThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON WOOD QUALITY PARAMETERS OF EXOTIC AND NATIVE SPECIES OF Shorea ROXB. ex C.F. GAERTN.(2016) BHATT, SEEMA; DUTT, BHUPENDERABSTRACT The present research entitled “Comparative studies on wood quality parameters of exotic and native species of Shorea Roxb. ex C.F. Gaertn.” was carried out in the Laboratory and Wood Workshop in the Department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) during 2013-15. The study revealed significant variation between physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics of wood of exotic and native species of Shorea. Among different physical characteristics Sal registered maximum specific gravity (0.681) with medium texture. The longest fibre length was noticed in Light Red Meranti (1222.24 µm) while maximum fibre diameter (31.14 µm) was found in Teak respectively. Maximum vessel element length and vessel element diameter was recorded in Dark Red Meranti as (630.09 µm) and (230.75 µm). The maximum Vessel frequency was found in Yellow Meranti (8.21), respectively. The maximum ray height was recorded in Light Red Meranti (845.63 µm) and maximum ray width was observed in Teak (82.91 µm). Among mechanical properties of wood of exotic and native species of Shorea, the maximum tensile and bending strength was recorded in Sal as (0.145 kN/mm2) and (0.101 kN/mm2). The maximum compressive strength parallel and perpendicular to grain was noticed in Sal as (0.051%) and (0.0049 kN/mm2). The maximum modulus of elasticity and maximum modulus of rupture was recorded in Sal as 18007.25 MPa and 124.78 MPa, respectively. Among chemical properties of exotic and native species of Shorea, significant variation was observed for those parameters studied. The maximum cold and hot water extractives were found in Teak i.e. (6.48 %), (8.25 %), and maximum alcohol benzene extractives was observed in Sal (8.35%), respectively. Maximum Holocellulose and lignin content was recorded in Teak (69.72%) and Sal (30.71%), respectively. Correlation studies revealed that specific gravity has a significant positive relation with MOE, MOR, Static bending and compression parallel to grain. Fibre length shows a highly significant positive relationship with MOE and MOR. The number of vessels per field of view gave highly significant positive correlation with compression and tensile strengths. Highly significant positive correlation were obtained between holocellulose and specific gravity, compression strength parallel to grain, tensile strength and static bending. Lignin contents were positively related with MOR and compression strength parallel to grain. Regression analysis revealed that linear and quadratic function fitted best to predict the different mechanical properties.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON REGENERATION, GROWTH AND SUSTAINABILITY OF HIMALAYAN CHIRPINE FORESTS (9/C1b)(2016) MAHAJAN, ABHAY; SHARMA, D.PABSTRACT The investigation entitled “Studies on regeneration, growth and sustainability of Himalayan Chir pine forests (9/C1b)”was carried out in three periodic blocks (PB-I, PB-IN and PB-IV) replicated thrice at four elevations, i.e., 9001200 m (E1); 1200-1500 m (E2); 1500-1800 m (E3) and 1800-2100 m (E4), to investigate the status of phytosociology, regeneration, spatial and temporal growth pattern of the chir pine forests of the Solan Forest Division. Sample plots of 40x30 m for trees were laid randomly and within them quadrates of 5x5 m for shrubs and 2x2 m for herbs and grasses were measured for collecting necessary information. There was a total count of 29 herbaceous and grass species in the study area. Out of total number of 10 shrub species, Berberis lycium, Carissa carandus, Lantana camara, Myrsine africana and Rosa moschata were found common in all the elevations; Ziziphus nummularia in three (E1, E3 and E4) and Woodfordia fruticosa in only two elevations (E1 and E2). The overall diversity in all PBs under different elevations for herbs & grasses and shrubs was in the range of 1.44 to 1.93 and 1.54 to 2.35, respectively. Regeneration studies showed a declining trend from higher to lower elevations (E4>E3>E2>E1). PB-I recorded good amount of regeneration (39.02 per cent) as compared to regeneration in PB-IN (31.72 per cent ) and PB-IV (23.14 per cent). In all the elevation classes, more trees were of 50-60 and 60-70 cm diameter classes in PB-I and in PB-IN and PB-IV more trees were of 10-20 and 20-40 cm diameter classes of trees. There was higher volume, biomass and carbon in PB-I followed by PB-IN and PB-IV in all the elevation classes and it was more distributed in 50-70 cm, 20-30cm and 30-40 cm diameter classes of trees, respectively. PB-I had higher incremental growth (MAI) followed by PB-IN and PB-IV. In all the elevations, MAI was higher in 50-70 cm tree diameter class of PB-I followed by MAI in 30-40 cm tree diameter class of PB-IN and MAI in 20-30 cm tree diameter class of PB-IV. There was an increase in tree volume from the year 1984 to 2002 (18.47 per cent) and 2002 to 2011 (306.03 per cent). However, overall increase in volume of trees from 1984 to 2011 was 381.04 per cent. The maximum volume, biomass and carbon were distributed in diameter classes of 40-60 cm, 30-50 cm and 10-30 cm in PB-I, PB-IN and PB-IV during 1984, 2002 and 2011, respectively. Total biomass was 467.92, 115.25 and 97.27 tonnes/ha and total carbon was 233.96, 57.62 and 48.64 tonnes/ha during 2011, 2002 and 1984, respectively.