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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan

Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry. The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services. The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.

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2012 - 201924
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Subject: Entomology × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2012 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIO-ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE LEAF-MINER, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) IN TOMATO
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-12) NEGI, SARSWATI; SHARMA, P L
    ABSTRACT The present study entitled “Bio-ecology and management of the invasive leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato” was carried out under laboratory and field conditions at Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) India during 2015-19. Tuta absoluta has spread to almost all the tomato growing areas of the state with incidence ranging from 1-10 mines per leaf. Biological and population parameters of T. absoluta varied significantly with temperature and host plant. Tomato as host and temperature around 25-30 oC were the most ideal and suitable for its growth and development. Tuta absoluta required 500 degree-days with developmental thresholds of 7.5 oC to complete the development from egg to adult. Nesidiocoris tenuis was found to be an efficient predator with type II functional response to the pest. Based on LC50 values the order of toxicity of the tested insecticides to the pest was chlorantraniliprole > flubandiamide > novaluron > thiamethoxam > imidacloprid > indoxacarb > λ-cyhalothrin > quinalphos > spiromesifen. Under field conditions all the tested insecticides reduced T. absoluta population significantly over control with chlorantraniliprole to bethe most effective.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STATUS OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES IN CROPS UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION IN HIMACHAL PRADESH AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN ROSE
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-11) SEN, SHALINI; GUPTA, RAKESH
    ABSTRACT The research work entitled “Status of plant parasitic nematodes in crops under protected cultivation in Himachal Pradesh and their management in rose” was undertaken to ascertain the status of plant parasitic nematodes in the state of Himachal Pradesh and explore the possibilities of nematode management in rose, a highly nematode infested crop grown in mid-hill region of Himachal Pradesh, by using different nematode management practices. Faunistic presence of plant parasitic nematodes with prominence on species of different nematodes was conducted by collecting 281 soil samples from the vegetations covering all the districts of Himachal Pradesh. Samples, when analysed in laboratory revealed the nematode genera viz., Meloidogyne incognita, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Pratylenchus coffeae and Hoplolaimus indicus in all the districts irrespective of climate conditions and altitude. Of these, M. incognita was found to be the most predominant. Four major genera of plant parasitic nematodes were identified from different host crops based on their morphological characters, perineal patterns of the female and morphometric measurements. The effect of four different inoculum levels of root-knot nematode on eight varieties of rose viz., Yellow Miniature, Iceberg, Keyene Lijipet, Tajmahal, Gold Master Piece, Ashwani, A-1 and Gold Strike revealed a significant increase in soil population of nematodes and decrease in growth parameters as an increase in inoculum levels. Of these, eight varieties screened against root-knot nematode, two varieties were found to be highly susceptible, five varieties were found to be susceptible and one variety was found to be moderately resistant. Among all the treatments and their combinations, neem formulation 1ml/l + dazomet @ 40 g/m2 application in the polyhouse as well as in the open field was most effective in reducing nematode population as well as increasing growth parameters and yield. This treatment was followed by the treatments of carbosulfan @ 500 ppm+ dazomet @ 40 g/ m2 that was statistically at par with the yields obtained from dazomet. The plots that did not receive any treatment, suffered maximum losses in terms of yield as well as plant vigour. It can be concluded from the study that dazomet is effective in reducing M. incognita population and root gall index in rose. However, its efficacy can be enhanced by adding neem or mustard cake that accelerates the plant growth parameters in case of rose.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    BIODIVERSITY AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES OF THE LEAFHOPPER (CICADELLIDAE: HEMIPTERA) FAUNA OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-07) THAKUR, PRIYANKA; RANA, RAJINDER SINGH
    ABSTRACT Himachal Pradesh is one of the hubs of biological diversity with varied agro climatic conditions and elevation ranging from 350 to 7000m amsl. The congenial atmospheric conditions are the natural abode and homeland for large number of insects. Despite being one of the most diverse habitats, several insect families remain poorly studied in the state. Cicadellidae one of the largest insect families of order Hemiptera distributed worldwide is one among them. The diversity, species richness, abundance and distribution pattern os f leafhopper speciein all the four agro-climatic zones of the state was explored. The sweep net as well as light traps were used for collecting leafhoppers from all the 12 districts of the state covering 25 locations. A total of 85 leafhoppers species belonging to 61 genera of 12 subfamilies of Cicadellidae were recorded. Of these four species, Gurawa monorcephala Pruthi, Leofa pulchellus Distant, Olidiana kirkaldyi (Walker) and Paralimnellus cingulatus (Dlabola) from subfamilies appeared to be new records from Himachal Pradesh and one species, Pseudosubhimalus sp. 1 was recorded to be new from India. Species richness of leafhopper species increased with the altitude with a hump of the highest species richness as well as diversity in the mid hills zone (651-1800m amsl) following declining trend towards the cold dry zone. Morphological characters taken under consideration for identification of leafhopper species which included: crown, face, compound eyes, ocelli, frontoclypeus, pronotum, scutellum, hind tarsi, hind tibial spinulation, forewing appendix and venation. The male genitalia was the key and the most important taxonomic feature for species identification based on the variation in distinguished features of pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, style, connective and aedeagus. Checklist for the leafhopper species of Cicadellidae collected from all the four agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh was prepared along with the lists of economically important leafhopper species that are well known pests of crops as well as vectors of serious plant pathogenic diseases. The photographs of each recorded specimen were provided along with the diagnostic keys which were prepared for their identification. The distribution of the species might be very useful in future to sketch good pest management practices and policies designed specifically for the particular region. The information generated through this study will be useful for further revision and taxonomical updating of higher level classification of leafhopper fauna of the hill statefor their identification.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    FRUIT FLY FAUNA OF HIMACHAL PRADESH AND MANAGEMENT OF SOME OF THE MAJOR SPECIES
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-07) SHARMA, DEEKSHA; GUPTA, DIVENDER
    ABSTRACT The present investigations on “FRUIT FLY FAUNA OF HIMACHAL PRADESH AND MANAGEMENT OF SOME OF THE MAJOR SPECIES” were conducted during 2013-2016. In the present study, during the survey of fruit flies in Himachal Pradesh, 10 species of tephritid fruit flies were recorded from different locations of Himachal Pradesh. Acidoxantha sp. was captured in methyl eugenol traps, which is a new record from Himachal Pradesh and B. nigrofemoralis was first reported from the host i.e. the infested peach from India. B. latifrons, was reported from infested fruits of Solanum nigrum (Makoi/Kalihari) which is a first record from Himachal Pradesh. The bio-efficacy trial conducted on cucumber, tomato and mango revealed application of lambda cyhalothrin @ 0.008 and 0.004% and spinosad (0.004%) proved effective in checking fruit fly infestation. Azadirachtin (0.02%) was comparable to the recommended insecticide i.e. malathion (0.1%) in checking the fruit fly infestation. Among five different woods, namely meranti, eucalyptus, deodar, plyboard and mango, plyboard traps (methyl eugenol based) showed better efficacy as reflected by highest fruit fly catch in the peach and mango orchards. When shapes were compared, rectangular cuboid plyboard traps performed better in comparison to square cuboid ones. When comparative efficacy of malathion and spinosad as an insecticide in methyl eugenol and cue-lure based traps were studied, it was observed that the spinosad based traps had better efficacy in fly trapping as compared with malathion in both types of attractant traps. In the laboratory studies, phloroglucinol 200 mM) when fed in the diet to B. tau and B. cucurbitae resulted in lowest oviposition. The ovaries were found clumped and the eggs laid were also deformed. Among different absorbent materials, initially no difference was observed in materials namely absorbent cotton, non-absorbent cotton and sponge, but later on after 5 days the results recorded in sponge based material were encouraging.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON BIOECOLOGY AND LIFE FERTILITY TABLES OF TOBACCO CATERPILLAR, Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ON DIFFERENT HOST PLANTS
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2019-07) BOPARAI, INDERPREET K; SHARMA, K C
    ABSTRACT The present investigation on “Studies on bioecology and life fertility tables of tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on different host plants” was carried out during 2016-2017 in the Department of Entomology, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. Three different host plants (castor, capsicum and tomato) were selected to study the bioecology and life fertility tables of the tobacco caterpillar at different constant temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35°C) under laboratory condition. The incubation period was maximum on capsicum and tomato (7 days each) at 20°C, whereas it was minimum (1 day) on castor at 35°C. The larval, pupal and total development periods were maximum (26.05, 18.71 and 51.76 days, respectively) on capsicum at 20°C and minimum (7.18, 3.84 and 12.02 days, respectively) on castor at 35°C. The male and female longevity was maximum (17.42 and 18.8 days, respectively) on castor at 20°C and minimum (5.2 and 6.2 days, respectively) on capsicum at 35°C. Fecundity was highest (1754 eggs per female) on castor at 25°C and lowest (450 eggs per female) on capsicum at 35°C. Temperature and host had a significant effect on the duration of different stages and fecundity of S.litura, whereas interaction of host and temperature had a significant effect only on larval and pupal period and longevity of male and female. Life fertility tables were also constructed on castor, capsicum and tomato at all four constant temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35°C). The highest value of the true intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was observed on castor (0.4632 females per female per day) at 35°C and was lowest (0.1008 females per female per day) on capsicum at 20°C. Overall studies thus revealed that castor is the most favourable host ofS.litura.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MODULATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AGAINST Meloidogyne incognita (KOFOID AND WHITE) CHITWOOD IN TOMATO (Solanum lyc
    (UHF, NAUNI, 2019-01) HEMA; KHANNA, ANJU SUDHAKAR
    ABSTRACT The research investigation entitled “Modulation of eco-friendly management practices against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)” was conducted to ascertain the status of M. incognita as pest ofChitwood in tomato of state of Himachal Pradesh and to explore the best possible management schedules in susceptible cultivars of tomato. The nematode at threshold level of inoculum inflicted avoidable quantitative losses to the tune of 35.2 to 37.4 per cent during two years under experimentation. The test nematode was found to be highly pathogenic to tomato even at the low levels of inoculum. Management of M. incognita at nursery level was found to be of utmost significance. Among the various nursery treatments viz., dazomet, metham sodium, jeevamrit, Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescence against the nematode, the highest germination rate was recorded in former three treatments; jeevamrit producing the most vigorous and healthy looking seedlings. However, number of galls was appreciably high on seedling roots raised in jeevamrit treated soil as compared to those receiving nematicidal treatment. Thirteen treatment combinations modulated to manage M. incognita revealed the necessity of nematode control in nursery, as the seedlings raised in treated nurseries performed significantly better in the field than the seedlings grown in untreated nurseries, despite receiving similar treatment combinations in the field. Though, significantly improved quantum of fruit production over control was achieved in all the management schedules, four modules producing the highest yields were rated as the best. Of these, two modules involving nursery treatment with dazomet, seedling root dip in neem formulation /carbosulfan, followed by field application neem cake enriched with T. viride, though, produced highest quantity of fruits, had lower benefit cost ratio as the components used in the referred schedules were highly expensive. Other two modules involved application of beejamrit, jeevamrit and dasagavya. On the basis of benefit cost ratio, the two modules involving seed application of beejamrit followed by jeevamrit drenching in field and dasagavya application in nursery as well as in field, were found the most economical; the latter producing higher fruit yields than the former.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF NEONICOTINOIDS ON COLONY PERFORMANCE OF Apis mellifera L. IN MUSTARD
    (UHF, NAUNI, 2018-09) RAM, BUDHI; SHARMA, HARISH KUMAR
    ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to assess the effect of neonicotinoids on colony performance of Apis mellifera L. in mustard. The study was conducted under field, semi field and laboratory conditions during 2017-2018. Under field (thiamethoxam @ 0.1g/l) and semi field conditions (thiamethoxam @ 0.1g/l and imidacloprid @ 0.3ml/l) was sprayed on mustard bloom to evaluate the effect on foraging activity, brood area, nectar stores, pollen stores and mortality of foragers. Laboratory studies were conducted to establish the contact and oral toxicity of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid to A. mellifera adults and larvae. Under field conditions, average quantum of bee activity of A. mellifera remained statistically low upto 12th day (3.51 to 8.56 bees/m2/5min) after spray of thiamethoxam on mustard bloom in comparison to pre-count (18.44 bees) and control (17.11 to 19.19 bees). Unlike foraging activity, non significant effect on average nectar, pollen stores and bee strength in thiamethoxam treated plots during the period of observations in comparison to pre-count. The average bee mortality of A. mellifera was significantly higher on 1st (112.5 bees/DBT/day) 2nd (112 bees) and 3rd day (46.33 bees) after spray in comparison to mortality observed in control. In semifield studies, foraging activity of A. mellifera on mustard bloom reduced significantly on 2nd day after spray of thiamethoxam (3.22 bees/m2/5min) and imidacloprid (2.21 bees) as compared to pre-count and control (37.65 bees). Significant recovery was recorded in the activity of A. mellifera on 6th day in thiamethoxam (6.14 bees/m2/5min) and imidacloprid (10.23 bees) after spray. Activity of A. mellifera in both the treatments (thiamethoxam and imidacloprid) remained statistically low upto 8th day after spray, which thereafter became normal and statistically same with pre-count and control by the 10th day after spray. Thiamethoxam and imidacloprid spray in mustard also affected colony parameters of introduced A. mellifera, which leads to significant decrease in brood area (7th to 21st day), nectar stores (7th to 28th day) and pollen stores (7th to 21st day) and increased significantly on 28th day after spray. The mortality of A. mellifera was significantly higher on 1st and 2nd day after spray of thiamethoxam (293 and 231.83 bees/DBT/day) and the same trend was also recorded in imidaclprid (70.17 and 74bees) spray in comparision to control (4.17 and 9.83). The contact toxicity of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid to A. mellifera adults was 0.019 and 0.037 µg/bee, respectively after 24 hours exposure period under laboratory conditions. The oral LD50 was recorded 0.0038 and 0.006µg/bee after ingestion of 2 µl of sugar syrup contaminated with thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, respectively within an exposure period of 24 hours. Thus it has been concluded from the present investigations that foraging activity of A. mellifera was negatively affected in both the fields, colony parameters (only in semi field conditions) and also mortality was higher in treated mustard crop suggesting that neonicotinoids have sublethal and lethal effects on colony performance of A. mellifera at the field relevant doses. Hence, it is suggested that neonicotinoids namely thiamethoxam and imidacloprid should be applied in a restricted manner to conserve the natural biodiversity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    FERTILITY TABLE STUDIES ON FRUIT FLIES [Bactrocera dorsalis (HENDEL) AND B. zonata(SAUNDERS)] ON DIFFERENT FRUIT HOSTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
    (UHF, NAUNI, 2018-12) SHARMA, ISHA; GUPTA, DIVENDER
    ABSTRACT The present investigations on “Fertility table studies on fruit flies [Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) and B. zonata (Saunders)] on different fruit hosts and their management” were conducted during 2016-2017. In laboratory studies conducted at room temperature and at a fixed temperature of 25°C with 75 ± 5 per cent RH and 12:12 hours of light and darkness, the results revealed that the fixed temperature ( 25°C) was found better for the biological and population growth of B. dorsalis and B. zonata. The comparative studies carried out on mango, peach and guava revealed guava with minimum incubation (2.26 and 2.82 days), pupal (10.05 and 8.95 days), adult pre-ovipositon (11.67 and 12.90 days) and maximum adult longevity (77.5 and 58.74 days) and fecundity (640. 75 and 443.40 eggs/ female) as the most suitable host for both the species. B. dorsalis with better biological and population parameters, on all the fruit hosts, was a dominant species. The bioefficacy trial conducted on mango and peach revealed spinosad (0.002 %) with infestation of 14.44 and 8.89 per cent on mango and 18.89 and 17.78 per cent on peach under normal and 20.00 and 22.22 per cent under high density plantation of peach during 2016 and 2017, respectively, to be the most effective treatment. Azadirachtin (0.01 %) was next in order of effectiveness and was found at par with recommended insecticide malathion (0.1 %). The microbial treatmentsi.e.B. bassiana(1x 109CFU/ gm) andM. anisopliae (1 x 108 CFU/ gm) were found moderately effective in managing fruit flies. The botanicals namely, neem oil (2%) and pongamia oil (2%) were the least effective treatments, however, both were superior over control. The clay treatment (8%) was found more effective than azadirachtin in peach both under normal and high density plantation and moderately effective in mango, but had adverse effect on the colour, size and development of the fruit. The maximum losses were avoided with spinosad, followed by azadirachtin and malathion. Among all the test treatments, the highest BCR was computed for spinosad in mango and peach. However, the BCR ratio was less than computed for malathion, which was due to the less cost of the latter. The botanicals were found economically non-viable as the BCR was < 1. None of the treatments used in the present investigations resulted in anytype of phytotoxicityexcept for higher concentration of pongamia oil (3%) on peach,where yellowing and falling of leaves and, fruit cracking were observed, which was therefore not included in the study.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PERSISTENCE AND DISSIPATION PATTERN OF SOME ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES ON CAULIFLOWER AND BRINJAL: A GAP SUPERVISED FIELD STUDY
    (UHF,NAUNI, 2018-06-05) BRAR, GAGANPREET SINGH; PATIYAL, S.K.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Persistence and dissipation pattern of some organophosphorus insecticides on cauliflower and brinjal: A GAP supervised field study” was carried out in the Department of Entomology, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). The QuEChERS method was validated for intended use in the laboratory. Insecticides were applied at single dose and double dose on cauliflower and brinjal crop. On cauliflower, acephate was applied @ 560 and 1120 g a.i. ha-1, ethion @ 500 and 1000 g a.i. ha-1, quinalphos @ 250 and 500 g a.i. ha-1 and triazophos @ 500 and 1000 g a.i. ha-1. On brinjal, chlorpyrifos was applied @ 300 and 600 g a.i. ha-1 and ethion @ 500 and 1000 g a.i. ha-1. The persistence study on cauliflower curds revealed initial deposits 1.436, 1.064, 0.808 and 2.017 mg kg-1 of acephate, ethion, quinalphos and triazophos, respectively at single dose. At double dose the initial deposits of acephate, ethion, quinalphos and triazophos were 2.523, 1.823, 1.371 and 3.813 mg kg-1, respectively. Acephate and triazophos persisted in cauliflower curds upto 7 and 10 days at single and double dose, respectively. Whereas, ethion and quinalphos persisted for 5 days at single dose and 7 days at double dose. Chlorpyrifos initial deposits on brinjal fruits were 1.096 mg kg-1 and 1.982 mg kg-1 at single and double dose, respectively, which persisted for 7 and 10 days. Ethion the initial residues on brinjal fruits were 0.861 and 1.637 mg kg-1 when sprayed at single and double dose which persisted up to 5 and 7 days, respectively. The safe waiting periods for the harvesting of the cauliflower curds were suggested as 9.90, 1.36, 6.44 and 11.43 days for acephate, ethion, quinalphos and triazophos, respectively. Safe waiting periods 7.13 and 1.33 days suggested for chlorpryifos and ethion on brinjal, respectively. Acephate persisted for 1 day whereas ethion, quinalphos and triazophos persisted for 3 days in cauliflower field soil. Residues of chlorpyrifos and ethion were persisted for 3 days in brinjal field soil. Among various decontamination processes microwave and open pan cooking were found more effective in removing pesticide residues in cauliflower curds and brinjal fruits. Survey studies revealed that most of the farmers were not aware about the recommendation of the pesticides on cauliflower and brinjal and take advice from pesticide dealers or company representatives.