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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF CULTURABLE BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES OF CHRYSANTHEMUM (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) AND THEIR EFFICACY FOR PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-11) SHARMA, SHILPA; CHAUHAN, ANJALIABSTRACT Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) belongs to family Asteraceae and is a popular flower crop suitable for both pot culture and bedding purposes. The quality of flowers is greatly influenced by the quantity as well as sources of nutrients. Presently, these nutrients are supplied through chemical fertilizers. The escalating prices of chemical fertilizers and their indiscriminate use has not only adversely affects the soil health and environment but also reduces the productivity of crops. The situation emphasized the need for developing alternate production system that is eco-friendly and is more judicious in maintaining soil health. So, the present investigations were carried out to characterize and evaluate the effects of PGPB isolated from chrysanthemum plant (roots, stem and leaf) samples grown under organic and commercial cultivation. A total of 143 purified isolates were selected on the basis of PGP traits and morphological characterization. From the total, 44 (16 organic and 28 inorganic) isolates were selected on the basis of their efficacy to have maximum plant growth promoting traits like P-solubilization, growth on nitrogen free medium, siderophore, auxin, HCN production and antagonism against Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporumunderlaboratoryconditions.The genetic diversity based on 16S r DNA sequence analysis and BLASTn search revealed the identity of 44 strains belonging to diverse genera viz.,Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Lysinibacillus, Micrococcus, Streptomyces, Pantoea, Klebsiella, Phyllobacterium, Serratia, Microbacterium, Cellulosimicrobium, Arthrobacter and Staphylococcus. From selected 44 isolates, seven isolates viz. Stenotrophomonas pavanii strain SRO8, Bacillus subtilis strain RDO10, Serratia marcescens strain N2S14, Bacillus subtilis strain N1S25, Serratia nematodiphila strain N1S23, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain N2S6 and Bacillus subtilis strain N2S18 along with consortium of reference strains (Bacillus licheniformis strain KS_5+Bacillus subtilis strain KS_6) were selected for pot trial to study their efficacy for growth and development of chrysanthemum. In the pot trial experiment two best isolates were selected with different levels of NP fertilizers along with two efficient isolates (KS5 and KS6) and used for field trial using two varieties of chrysanthemum viz ‘Ajay’ and ‘Purnima’. The application of 70% RD NP + Bacillus subtilis strain RDO10 and 70% RD NP + Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain N2S6 registered maximum increase in all plant parameters i.e. plant height (cm), number of side shoots per plant, days taken to flowering, number of flowers per plant, flower size (cm), duration of flowering (days) and vase life (days). The inoculation of PGPB has also registered an increase in NPK uptake and available NPK. Thus, the selected bacterial endophytes has good prospects to be used as biofertilizer, biostimulant and bioprotectant for chrysanthemum.ThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CULTURABLE BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES FROM ROOT TISSUES OF Rosemarinus officinalis AND DETERMINATION OF THEIR BIOACTIVITIES(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-11) MINAKSHI; CHAUHAN, ANJALIABSTRACT Medicinal plants are known to harbor distinctive and specific subset of bacterial endophytes that might be due to production of divergent bioactive compounds. There are many reports regarding production of bioactive compounds by these endophytic microorganisms but limited work has been done about plant growth promotion potential of endophytes associated with medicinal plants. Therefore, the present study was aimed to explore the diversity of plant growth promoting root endophytic bacterial communities associated with medicinal plant Rosemarinus officinalis and their characterization for plant growth promoting traits followed by their inoculation efficiency for plant growth promotion of rosemary. A total of ninety eight endorhizospheric bacteria were isolated fromroot samples ofRosemarinus officinaliscollected from two different sites ofKangra, Kullu, Solan and Sirmour valleys of Himachal Pradesh and were subjected to one step screening for phosphate solubilization, siderophore production and ability to fix nitrogen. After preliminary screening, a total of seventy nine isolates were selected for quantitative estimation of P-solubilzation, siderophore production and additional plant growth promoting traits viz. IAA, lytic enzymes production, production of secondary metabolites and antifungal activity. Forty two isolates exhibiting maximum PGP traits were subjected to study genetic diversity among them using 16S rDNA sequencing. In silico analysis grouped these isolates into nine major genera i.e. Bacillus, Pseudomonas being predominant while other were Pseudoxanthomonas, Lysobacter, Kosakonia, Ensifer, Beijerinckia, Oxynema and Serratia, respectively. Sole application of most efficient eleven isolates belonged to different genera (KA7, KU5, KA10, SI12, KU13, KU2, KU14, KA14, KA11, KA2 and KU21) resulted in significant increase in plant parameters of rosemary and soil physico-chemical properties under net house conditions. Isolates Bacillus subtilis strain KU21, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SI12, Cedecea lapagei strain KU14 produced most significant results under net house conditions and were further evaluated under field conditions. Field studies revealed that conjoint application of Bacillus subtilis strain KU21 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SI12 increased plant physical, physiological parameters as well as soil physico-chemical properties over uninoculated control. Direct and indirect plant growth promotion by Bacillus subtilis strain KU21 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SI12 was further confirmed by molecular and chromatographic analysis. Attempts have been made to understand the genetic basis of mineral phosphate solubilization in Bacillus subtilis strain KU21. Cloning and sequencing of gdh gene has paved the way for understanding molecular mechanisms involved in nutrient mobilization of essential nutrient (phosphorus) and its subsequent enhanced uptake by plants, as mediated by endophytes. Phytohormone production by Bacillus subtilis strain KU21 was also evaluated by TLC and HPLC analysis. Indirect plant growth promotion via biocontrol activities against tested fungal pathogens was best for Pseudomaonas aeruginosa SI12 hence characterized for extraction and identification of pyocyanin using HPLC. Overall, present study conclude that, exploring large pool of endophytic communities of medicinal plants appears to be a good strategy for selection of promising strains as PGPR and the potential application of these endophytes in agricultural traits could results in ameliorate plant production and health and in another way may lead to improve soil quality and fertility.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON GENETIC DIVERSITY OF PHOSPHORUS SOLUBILIZING RHIZOBIA OF RAJMASH (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.)(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-11) GAUTAM, SWATI; KAUSHAL, RAJESHABSTRACT The present investigations were conducted to determine the genetic diversity of P-solubilizing rhizobia of rajmash by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). A total of 50 isolates associated with rajmash were authenticated as Rhizobium spp. on the basis of different authentication tests,viz.congo red test, bromothymol blue test, growth in Hofer’s alkaline broth, ketolactose medium and plant infection test. Out of 50 rhizobial isolates, all were P-solubilizers, sixteen were siderophore producers, nine were HCN producers, eight isolates showed antagonism against Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and five against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Sacc. and Mangus. The maximum P-solubilization (295.74 µg/ml) was recorded for isolate KS and maximum IAA production (83.19 µg/ml) was noted for isolate Har4. Maximum siderophoreproduction with zone size of 19mm was recorded with the isolate Shl7 on CAS medium. On the basis of banding pattern generated through ARDRA analysis using restriction enzymes Alu I and Msp I, 19 isolates from agro-climatic zone-II were grouped into seven major phylotypes at 49 per cent similarity level, 15 isolates from agroclimatic zone-III were segregated into five major phylotypes with 49 per cent similarity and 16 isolates from agro-climatic zone-IV were grouped into seven major phylotypes at 57 per cent similarity level. Seed bacterization with 10 selected rhizobia resulted in significant increase in shoot height, root length, plant biomass and number of nodules over uninoculated control. Among 10 sequenced rhizobia, 4 isolates viz. Hab3, BhrB, Tis2 and San1 were identified as Rhizobium nepotum, 3 isolates viz. KAF, Har1 and Kal3 as Rhizobium indigoferae, isolate KS as Rhizobium etli, isolate Har2 as Rhizobium acidisoli and isolate Shl3 as Rhizobium pusense. Seed bacterization with R. etli strain KS+70% P showed considerable effect on increase in shoot height (86 cm), root length (28.30 cm), number of nodules (55.07 no./plant) and available NPK over uninoculated control at flowering stage as well as harvest of the crop.ThesisItem Open Access SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM POTENTIAL PROBIOTIC ISOLATES AND THEIR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-11) SHARMA, SHAKSHI; SHARMA, NIVEDITAABSTRACT The present investigation was carried out to synthesize silver nanoparticles using five in-house potential probiotics i.e. Lactobacillus pentosus S6 (KU92122), Lactobacillus plantarum F22 (KT865223), Lactobacillus crustorum F11 (KT865221), Lactobacillus paraplantarum KM1 (KX671558) and Lactobacillus spicheri G2 (JX481912). All the five probiotic isolates were capable of synthesizing silver nanoparticles. The synthesized silver nanoparticles by five probiotic isolates were separately characterize by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM and FTIR. The antimicrobial potential of these probiotics synthesized silver nanoparticles was assessed against different bacterial and fungal pathogens. Further the bacteriocin potential of five probiotic isolates was evaluated, out of five, three probiotic isolates i.e. L. pentosus S6, L. crustorum F11 and L. spicheri G2 were selected for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle on the basis of their wider antagonistic potential. These three in-house potential probiotic isolates were then subjected to their purification usingcolumn chromatography to obtain purified bacteriocin, which then was used in the synthesis of nanoparticles. The purity and molecular weight of purified bacteriocin of L. pentosusS6, L. crustorumF11 and L. spicheriG2 was determined by SDS–PAGE. The bacteriocin from three probiotic isolates showed their ability for extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ba AgNP). The characterization of all the three Ba AgNP was carried separately using the following techniques i.e. UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM, TEM and FTIR which confirms their formation. The antimicrobial efficacy of all the 3 bacteriocin synthesized silver nanoparticles was separately assessed against challenging antimicrobial pathogens. The application of bacteriocin synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ba AgNP) was observed in the preparation of bacteriocin capped silver nanoparticle coated paper, which was then used in the storage of different food items and increased the shelf life of food stored effectively. Further the effect of Ba AgNP was evaluated for biocontrol against P. aphanidermatum causing damping off in tomato under net house conditions. The nematicidal efficacy of the Ba AgNP was screened against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The maximum mortality rate of 90 % was observed for bacteriocin synthesized silver nanoparticles i.e. F11 Ba AGNP. The in-vivo nematicidal efficacy of Ba AgNP was studied in tomato under net house conditions and the number of galls per plant was significantly reduced by Ba AgNPs treatments on tomato roots grown in soil amended with bacteriocin synthesized AgNPs. Thus these synthesized silver nanoparticles hold a great potential to be used in different biotechnological applications.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON IMPROVEMENT OF SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION IN Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. UNDER MID HIMALAYAN REGION(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-11) MEENAKSHI; RANA, NEERJAABSTRACT The intensive harvesting of forest resources have led to decreased nitrogen and organic matter content in the forest soils. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a cheap renewable nitrogen source, essential to the sustainable productivity of afforested sites. Biological nitrogen fixation offers economically and ecologically sound means for reducing the requirement of nitrogenous fertilizer, thereby restoring the degraded ecosystem. The present investigation entitled “Studies on improvement of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. under mid Himalayan region” was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of Department of Basic Sciences during the years 2016-2019. Results of the study revealed that among the 10 different seed sources, Baddi seed source of Himachal Pradesh and FRI seed source from Uttrakhand were found best for pod, seed germination and seedling growth parameters. It is evident from the studies that larger seeds have greater per cent germination than smaller seeds. Non significant variation between pod and seed traits with geographical factors were noticed which indicated non-clinal variation. In total of 66 isolates, 38 from Himachal Pradesh and 28 from Uttrakhand were isolated fromroot nodules of Albizia procera seedlings. On the basis of authentication tests only 38 isolates were confirmed as rhizobia. Among these 38 rhizobial isolates, 29 isolates were Psolubilizers, 27 isolates were siderophore producers and 19 isolates were HCN producers. Among the 21 rhizobial isolates from Himachal Pradesh maximum P-solubilization (263.23µg/ml), siderophore production (106.30%) and IAA (82.75µg/ml) was recorded with rhizobial isolate BA2. Whereas, maximum P-solubilization (261.00µg/ml), siderophore production (108.12%) and IAA (85.52µg/ml) was recorded with rhizobial isolate FA6 from Uttrakhand. Rhizobial isolates BA2 and FA6 also showed high per cent growth inhibition against 6 fungal pathogens. On the basis of plant growth promoting traits and antifungal activities, two isolates BA2 and FA6 were selected and applied as biofertilizers. Both the biofertilizers with 20kg/ha nitrogen significantly increased shoot biomass, root biomass, nodulation status and available N P K content of soil over uninoculated control. These isolates were identified as Rhizobium leguminosarum (BA2) and Rhizobium alamii (FA6). The application of charcoal based bio-inoculant of rhizobial strain FA6+20 kg/ha nitrogen has not only significantly influenced growth characters and nitrogen fixation potential of Albizia procera seedlings but also improved the available N P K content of the soil. Hence, application of charcoal based bioinoculant with rhizobial strain FA6 have enormous potential to be used as biofertilizer for enhanced growth, nodulation status and protection of A.procera seedlings and to sustain soil health.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ON WHEAT (Triticum aestivum)GROWING IN MID HILL ZONE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-04) KUMAR, VIJAY; SHARMA, NIVEDITAABSTRACT The present investigation was an attempt made for the isolation and identification of most potent PGPR and to test their efficacy for plant growth promotion of Triticum aestivum. In total 73 bacterial isolates were isolated from six different sites of Solan and Sirmour district. All isolates were screened out for multifarious plant growth promoting traits viz. phosphate solubilization, siderophores, protease, chitinase, cellulase, production of HCN, ammonia and plant growth regulators. Out of total 73 isolates, 60 isolates were positive for P-solubilization, 61 produce siderophore, 62 were positive for protease, 6 were positive for cellulase and 15 were positive for chitinase production, Only 13 showed HCN production and all the isolates showed ammonia production. Three potential PGPR i.e. Dh-7, Kn-7 and De-21 were selected based on criteria of total PGP potential and examination of individual PGP attribute. These isolates were identified as De-21 Pseudomonas putida |MH362752|, Kn-7 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia |MH362753| and Dh-7 Bacillus pumilus |MH362754| by 16S rRNA gene technique. These screened isolates were further examined for the production of plant growth regulators viz., auxins was recorded in the range of 24-64 µg/ml, gibberellins production was found in the range of 110-550 µg/ml, whereas cytokinins production was in the range of 120-370 µg/ml. All the three screened isolates were selected for the net house and field trial at Dharja and Damrog. Treatments of individual strains and their consortia have different effects on the various plant growth promoting parameters. The germination percentage of seeds in net house was recorded 100 % in most of treatments except i.e 95.33% in Kn-7+De-21 with 50% NPK and 96.33% in Dh-7+De-21 with 50% NPK. The maximum shoot height i.e 19.83 cm, chlorophyll ‘a’ content 0.138 mg/g, chlorophyll ‘b’ content 0.264 mg/g and total chlorophyll content 0.386 mg/g were observed under net house conditions.The seeds germination percentage was recorded 100% in each treatment along with control plants (without PGPR inoculations) at both the site except control plants with 50% NPK (95%) at Dharja. The maximum shoot growth i.e 34.13 cm was noticed at Dharja and 24.04 cm was recorded at Damrog. The maximum number of leaves 19 were recorded at Dharja and 18 were recorded at Damrog site. The highest tiller number was recorded 7 per plant at Dharja while it was highest i.e 5 per plant at Damrog site. The maximum size of spike i.e 4.90 cm and 4.40 cm was found at Dharja and Damrog respectively. Maximum grain yield was found in consortia of three isolates with 100% NPK (208.76 gm) with an increase of 47.18% increased closely followed by consortia of three isolates (208.56 gm) with 47.13% increase over control plants. On the basis of these findings, consortia of three isolates (Pseudomonas putida De21, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Kn-7, Bacillus pumilus Dh-7) with 100% NPK was found to be the best treatment among closely followed by consortia of three isolates without any chemical fertilizer. Thus consortia of potential PGPR strains could be used as biofertilizer for sustainable cultivation of Triticum aestivum of which could be helpful in its cultivation. The growth promotion in the various plant parameters of wheat with consortia treatment over control (without PGPR inoculation) have successfully fulfilled the main objectives of this study.ThesisItem Open Access STATISTICAL INVESTIGATIONS TO MILK YIELD DATA OF JERSEY AND HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN CROSS BREEDS(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-04) THAKUR, RADHIKA; GUPTA, R KABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Statistical Investigations to Milk Yield Data of Jersey and Holstein Friesian Cross Breeds” was carried out at the main campus dairy farm of Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). Secondary data on milk yield for Jersey and Holstein Friesian crossbred cows for 37 years from 1978-2014 were considered for the variability analysis. The data were subjected to variability analysis in order to test the variability among seven lactations/different months. Among seven lactations, maximum mean milk yield (litres) was observed at lactation 4 and minimum in lactation 1 in both crossbred cows, whereas in different months milk yield of Jersey crossbred cows, maximum monthly mean milk yield (litres) was observed in July month and minimum in November month. The milk yield of Holstein Friesian crossbred cows was maximum in November month and minimum in September month. Bartlett’s Chisquare test for testing the heterogeneity of variances suggested that there were significant variability among seven lactations/ different months with respect to monthly milk yield of both crossbred cows. Wricke’s Ecovalence, Finlay & Wilkinson’s and Eberhart & Russell’s models suggested that lactation 5 in Jersey crossbred cows and lactation 7 in Holstein Friesian crossbred cows was found most stable lactation. Quadratic model was found best fitted for prediction of monthly milk yield on the basis of high value of Adj. R2, low value of RMSE and Theil’s inequality coefficient, while ARIMA (6, 0, 2) was the best fitted model for prediction of monthly milk yield. Maximum seasonal index in monthly milk yield was obtained in season 3 and minimum in season 1 for monthly variation and maximum seasonal index in monthly milk yield was obtained in season 3 and minimum in season 1 with respect to seasonal variation.ThesisItem Open Access PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPASE FROM MICROBIAL ISOLATES AND ITS APPLICATION IN FORMULATION OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD PRODUCTS(UHF,NAUNI, 2019-04) SHARMA, RANJANA; SHARMA, NIVEDITAABSTRACT Enzymes are considered as nature’s catalysts. are a class of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of long chain triglycerides into polar lipids. Soil contaminated with oil from different sites of Himachal Pradeshbeing a highly probablesource for lipolytic microorganisms was utilized for isolation of lipase producing microorganisms. In total, 53 lipolytic bacteria have been screened on tributyrin agar medium. Among them hyper lipolytic strains C6 and G7 were selected and identified asBacillus siamensis C6MF446911 and Paenibacillus sp.G7. Cultural conditions and process parameters viz. media types, pH, temperature, inoculum size, incubation time, substrate concentration, divalent ions and surfactants etc. were optimized firstly through classical onevariable at a time (OVAT)followed by statistical optimization by employing central composite design of response surface methodology. The enzymes obtained from both the strains were purified to homogeneity by following a sequential purification approach. B. siamensis C6 lipase was purified to a final purification fold of 1.91 and had a molecular weight of 32kDA whereas P. sp.G7 lipase was purified to a final purification fold of 2.01 and had a molecular weight of 66 kDa. Lipase activity was found to be maximum at 40oC and pH 8.0 for B. siamensis C6 and at 35 oC and pH 8.0 for P.sp.G7. Lipase from both the strains was quite thermostable with retention of more than 50% activity after incubation of 120 min at 30-45 oC. Shelf life of lipase from both the strains showed that the enzyme was very efficient qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Press cake of Brassica nigra showed maximum stability for both isolates i.e. 1213.06 IU/mg specific activity for B. siamensis C6 lipase and 1236.84 IU/mg specific activity for P. sp.G7 lipase. Chitosan beads and κ-carrageenan chips at a concentration of 1.5% and 4 % respectively, were found to be most efficient for immobilization of purified lipase of P. sp.G7. Purified P. sp.G7 lipase showed a considerably good stability in κ-carrageenan chips followed by immobilized chitosan beads (1.5%) giving an outstanding immobilization efficiency of 80.99 and 76.96% at the end of 20thcycle. Applicability of purified lipase from P. sp.G7 (20 ppm) in order to enhance product quality and earn a natural and clean label status to bread which is highly sought after by health conscious consumers of modern age. In addition pseudocereal grains. Therefore incorporation of these grains in bread dough formulation enhances significantly the nutritional quality of baked product.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARISON OF SIDEROPHORES PRODUCINGPseudomonas STRAINS IN RELATION TO GROWTH OF REPLANTED APPLE(UHF, NAUNI, 2018-12) SHARMA, PARUL; KAUR, MOHINDERABSTRACT The ability of fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates to produce siderophores is an important trait to overcome replant problem of apple by killing phytopathogens to some extent. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to characterize and compare different siderophores produced by fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates from normal and replant sites of apple orchard. Isolation and characterization of fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates and strains from normal and replant site of apple orchard (Shimla HP) was done. Total eighteen Pseudomonas isolates and strains were screened out for various plant growth promoting activities like siderophore, phosphate solubilization, antifungal activity, plant growth regulators (auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins), lytic enzymes and production of HCN and ammonia. On the basis of best PGP activities, two isolates Rn3 and Rn 7 were genotypically characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed 97% and 99% similarity with Pseudomonas moraviensis and Pseudomonas fluorescens respectively. One actinomcetes isolate from replant site at Rauni i.e. A3 was selected for genotypic characterization on the basis of PGP activities showed 98% similarity with Streptomyces bluensis. Optimization of media, temperature, pH, time of incubation, nitrogen sources and carbon sources were done for the production of siderophores from Pseudomonas strains L (P. putida), M (P. fluorescens), C & G (P. aeruginosa), which were also used for mass multiplication of bioformulations for field trials. The production, partial purification and characterization of siderophores was done by Sephadex G-25 column chromatography. Through SDSPAGE electrophoresis, with molecular weight of siderophores produced by L, M, C & G was recorded 12kDa, 11 kDa, 19 kDa and 20kDa respectively. The performance of apple plants was much better in terms of root colonization capacity, % survival, plant establishment and increase in plant growth in terms of plant height, number of nodes, chlorophyll cont