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Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, was established on 1st December, 1985 with the objective to promote education, research and extension education in the fields of Horticulture, Forestry and allied disciplines. Late Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar, the first Chief Minister and the architect of Himachal Pradesh perceived the importance of Horticulture and Forestry to develop and improve the State economy which led to the establishment of this University. Its history lies in erstwhile Himachal Agricultural College, Solan, established in 1962 and affiliated to the Panjab University. It became one of the campuses of Agriculture Complex of Himachal Pradesh University on its formation in 1970. Consequent upon the establishment of Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya in 1978, this campus became its Horticulture Complex and finally in 1985, assumed the status of a State University, being the only University in the country engaged exclusively in teaching, research and extension in Horticulture and Forestry.
The University is located at Nauni in Solan District of Himachal Pradesh, 13 km from Solan on Solan-Rajgarh Road, at an elevation of 1300 metres above mean sea level. Solan town is situated on national highway (NH-22) and is well connected by train and bus services.
The University has four constituent colleges, out of which, two are located at the main campus Nauni, one for horticulture and the other for forestry, having 9 and 7 departments, respectively. The third College i.e., College of Horticulture & Forestry is located at Neri in Hamirpur District on Nadaun-Hamirpur state highway, about 6 Km from Hamirpur town and is well connected with bus service. The college offers three Undergraduate Degree Programmes i.e. BSc (Hons.) Horticulture, BSc (Hons.) Forestry and B. Tech. Biotechnology and MSc degree programme in a few subjects. The fourth college i.e. College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag (Mandi) is located at Thunag District Mandi. This college offer BSc (Hons.) Horticulture and BSc (Hons.) Forestry degree programme. In addition, there are five Regional Research Stations, 12 Satellite Stations and five Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) situated in different zones of the State.
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ThesisItem Open Access DIFFERENTIAL TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF IN VITRO MUTAGENIZED FUSARIUM TOLERANT PLANTS OF GINGER (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) cv. HIMGIRI(UHF Nauni, 2024-05-27) POOJA SHARMA; Manisha ThakurGinger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is the most widely used medicinal herb of the ancient ‘Ayurveda’ and ‘Unani’ system of medicine due to bioactive compounds present in its rhizomes i.e. volatile oils (terpenoids), diarylheptanoids (curcuminoids), and gingerols (phenols), which serve as an important panacea for treating arthritis, heart diseases, cancer, diarrhea, and respiratory disorders. It is a vegetatively propagated crop through underground rhizomes and its production is hampered by various soil-borne pathogens which predominantly include Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi. The technique of in vitro mutagenesis and selection was employed in ginger cv. Himgiri for the development of Fusarium tolerant lines, resulting in mutant Himgiri-17.5 which displayed improved accumulation of gingerol and demonstrated enhanced tolerance to Fusarium wilt. At morpho-physiological and biochemical levels, Himgiri-17.5 outperformed for superior traits including shoot number, rhizome characteristics, photosynthesis rate, protein, carbohydrate, phenol and flavonoid content, demonstrating its potential for enhanced productivity and nutritional superiority. The firstever transcriptome analysis of in vitro-raised Himgiri-17.5 was conducted to identify defense-related genes, their role in plant-pathogen interaction, gingerol biosynthesis, and MAPK-dependent hormonal signaling pathways in imparting tolerance to Fusarium wilt in comparison to conventionally propagated Himgiri (control). A total of 13.84 GB data was generated encoding 57939 genes, out of which 3745 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both the samples with 351 up-regulated and 3394 down-regulated. Fifty three DEGs, exclusively related to disease resistance (R) proteins spanning diverse domains, including transmembrane, kinases, nucleotide-binding site, leucine-rich repeats, coiled-coil, and Toll/Interleukin-1 receptors were identified in Himgiri-17.5. Functional annotation revealed the involvement of DEGs in positive regulation of transcription and response to pathogenic stimuli, emphasizing their role in plant defense mechanism. The expression pattern of genes linked to antioxidant activity and MAPK-dependent hormonal signaling exhibited notable up-regulation in Himgiri-17.5. Additionally, the investigation provided insights into volatile oil, diarylheptanoids, and gingerol biosynthetic pathway governed by crucial regulatory genes, namely DCS, CURS2, and ClPKS10. Fourteen InDels associated with R-genes were also mapped on various chromosomes, representing invaluable genetic markers to identify genomic regions affiliated to disease resistance to serve as potential targets for genetic modification and marker-assisted selection. The examination also revealed the presence of 165 up-regulated TFs primarily belonging to the ERF, bHLH, MYB, NAC, and bZIP families which indicated their possible part in governing gene expression during defense mechanism. This research contributes in understanding the key genetic aspects including R-genes, pathogen recognition, signal transduction, hormonal signaling, gingerol biosynthetic pathway and TFs, crucial for Fusarium wilt tolerance which holds the foundation for future studies to enhance disease resistance through biotechnological interventions.ThesisItem Open Access WORK ENVIRONMENT SETTING VARIABLES INFLUENCING OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND WORK EFFICIENCY AMONG POLICE PERSONNEL IN THE STATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-05-18) ANCHAL THAKUR; Piyush MehtaThe present study has been carried out on work environment setting variables influencing occupational stress and work efficiency among police personnel in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Multistage random sampling technique was done with a total sample size of 288 police personnel. Primary data was collected through a well -designed pre-tested schedule by survey method. The required secondary data was collected from various publications and government departments. Therefore, data was analyzed through a combination of statistical tools like Principal Component Analysis, Garrett Mean Score Analysis, Likert Scale Ranking Analysis, Chi-Square Test Analysis and other statistical tools. It was observed that the maximum sampled police personnel had good job experience. The various variables related to work environment among police personnel in the study area were ranked on the 5 point Likert scale which showed that the variables i.e., work pressure attains Ist rank followed by supervisor support which attains IInd rank, peer cohesion which was ranked IIIrd. The results of factor analysis revealed that statements of operational police stress were associated with non- understanding, work bound, limited social strata and harassed. In case of organizational police stress, the result of PCA revealed that the first factors extracted were spare time, overburdened, idleness, answerable, incompatible and management which explained the maximum variability in police personnel in the study area whereas, maximum variability in statements related to work efficiency among police personnel were compensation, remunerated, usage, payoff and embolden. Since, at an overall level, the trauma prevention training program was reported as the major intervention programme. It was also found that Police personnel were influenced with their peer group and family so some amount of training coverage may eventually reach larger groups. Therefore, it was suggested that services should be revamped and strengthen to cater for the existing needs of the police personnel in the study areaThesisItem Open Access BEHAVIOURAL ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN MANAGEMENT OF FARMER PRODUCER ORGANISATION (FPOs) IN THE STATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-05-28) ASHIMA SHARMA; Krishan Kumar RainaThe present study on behavioural issues and challenges in the management of FPOs aimed at identifying the organisation structure, the behaviour issues and challenges of farmers and management functionaries’ suggestion for effective management of FPOs in the state of Himachal Pradesh. 7 FPOs was studied, data was analysed. The aggregate sample was 400 consisting of 350 farmer producers and 50 management functionaries. Statistical tools like Five-point Likert scale, Response importance analyses, Linear regression, Principal component method Multiple response analysis and other Statistical tools. The average land holding was 1.96ha with per cent irrigated land. The highest ranking was given by Saindhar Producer Company. Regression analysis was not found much significant. An effective enterprise encourages more members to join the FPOs which in turn improve the business performance of the FPO, whereas a bad performance of the enterprise could lead to member disengagement and result to dysfunctionality of the enterprise. It was important to understand that better business performance will not occur in the absence of effective mechanismThesisItem Open Access A STUDY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR FOR HERBAL PRODUCTS IN CHANDIGARH AND SHIMLA CITIES(UHF Nauni, 2024-05-31) RISHABH SINGH CHAUHAN; Kapil KathuriaA trend can be seen amongst the consumer who has started shifting more towards healthy consumption. Over a period of time we have started to see them expressing positive attitude towards herbal products. The aim of the study was to study the consumer behavior and satisfaction level of consumers for herbal products of different categories and to identify behavioral segments of market for herbal products. The study was descriptive in nature. For this research a well-structured questionnaire was made where close ended questions were asked. One way ANOVA analysis, Chi Square and Cluster analysis were used on the primary data obtained to understand manifest the consumer behavior and further segment the markets, accordingly four clusters were identified. The effort was to relate the consumption behavior with demographic variables and media graphics variables with the four segments identified. This resulted in the four segments being described. For Ayurvedic inclined customers qualitative researches may help in understanding why they prefer ayurvedic products and guide them with effective marketing strategies. For frequent purchaser older customers of herbal products dissatisfaction could be enhanced through reducing gap between product and market. For moderate purchaser engaged private sector employees boosting awareness through different channels of media graphics could be done. While for less engaged younger professionals having positive attitude and targeting them for making frequent purchases could be doneThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN THE MARKETING OF MAIZE IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-04-12) SHILPA SHARMA; Kapil KathuriaThe present Study entitled “Management Issues in the Marketing of Maize in Himachal Pradesh”was conducted during the year 2021-2022 in Mandi and Kangra districts of Himachal Pradesh.This study presents a comprehensive analysis of management issues faced by the maize growing farmer families of study area. A sample of 320 farmer family respondents were interviewed through structured and standardised questionnaire. To identify the existing system of marketing, bottle necks, marketing structure, price spread factors involved in the management issues in the marketing of maize, mean, mode, standard deviation, kurtosis, and skewness method is used. Various econometric methodologies and statistical tools were applied to find out factors influencing the management issues in the maize marketing. Correlation analysis also done to pinpoint various problems associated with the management challenges. Among the surveyed responds the most prominent problem 68.1 per cent was attributed to erratic monsoon patterns as well as 46.3 per cent of respondents relied on the seeking better prices for the produce as a means to mitigate this risk. PCA was employed to select variables that encapsulated the main components contributing and elucidating the constraints faced by the farmer family respondents involved in maize cultivation. These variables were analysed to find out their correlation with management issues in marketing maize in HP. Also, there were four marketing channels used in the study area for marketing maize and most used marketing channel was channel-3: producer-local trader-wholesaler-processor-retailer-consumer. The producer’s share in consumer rupee at overall level was found highest in case of channel-1. To address these issues, it is imperative to strengthen the role of extension agencies in educating awareness about the management issues related to cultivation of maize as well as marketing. In addition, efforts should be directed towards dropping the number of intermediaries involved in the supply chain to improve farmer’s share of the produce and progress the overall marketing facilities.ThesisItem Open Access AGRICULTURAL FINANCE AND ITS MANAGEMENT BY TRIBAL FARMERS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-04-24) AMIT KUMAR; Rashmi ChaudharyThe present study investigates the complex dynamics of agricultural finance and its management within the tribal farming communities of Himachal Pradesh, with a particular focus on the districts of Kinnaur and Lahaul & Spiti. Employing a rigorous multistage random sampling technique, primary data was systematically collected from 300 respondents. The research methodology incorporates a judicious combination of mathematical, statistical, and regression analysis tools. Primary data collection was conducted through meticulously designed surveys, complemented by secondary information sourced from various government departments, publications, and digital resources. The study's major findings illuminate key demographic, economic, and agricultural trends prevalent in the targeted districts. These trends encompass variations in family sizes, age distribution, educational attainment, and income levels, underscoring the intricate diversity inherent in tribal communities. Additionally, the study sheds light on distinctive agricultural practices, land ownership patterns, and crop preferences that characterize the farming dynamics of Kinnaur and Lahaul & Spiti.Delving into the financial landscape, the research reveals the pivotal role played by institutional credit in supporting agricultural activities. An exhaustive examination is presented, outlining the sources of credit, motivations for availing loans, and the specific purposes for which credit is channelled. A critical aspect of the study involves identifying challenges encountered in accessing institutional finance, with a particular emphasis on the geographical impediments posed by the inconvenient location of banks, in addition to high borrowing costs and interest rates.Furthermore, the study scrutinizes the awareness levels and participation of farmers in various agricultural schemes, encompassing flagship programs like the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) and the Kisan Credit Card scheme. The findings underscore the imperative need for targeted awareness initiatives, considering demographic nuances such as age, gender, educational background, and income levels.The study underscores the importance of tailoring financial programs to align with regional preferences and specific agricultural financing requirements. Moreover, it advocates for measures aimed at promoting financial inclusion and elevating awareness levels among tribal farmers in Himachal Pradesh, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of these communities.ThesisItem Open Access FARMERS’ ADOPTION BEHAVIOUR FOR FARM TECHNOLOGIES IN HILL FARMING SYSTEMS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-03-24) PRIYA SHARMA; Krishan KumarThe present study aimed to investigate the socio-economic profile of the farmers and their adoption behaviour towards farm technologies in selected hill farming systems of Himachal Pradesh. The potential factors influencing the adoption behaviour of farmers for farm technologies were also examined. Multistage random sampling was done with a total sample size of 400 respondents. The data was analyzed through a combination of mathematical and statistical tools. The required secondary data were collected from various publications and government departments. The results showed that the majority of the respondents had nuclear families, moderate qualifications, were primarily engaged in agricultural activities, exhibited a moderate level of social participation, and were categorized under semi-medium and marginal farmers’ categories. On an overall basis, the nonfarm annual income of the family averaged 3.54 lakhs. The value of the Herfindahl Hirschman Index, calculated at 4.37 for Zone-II (Solan), indicates a diverse income structure within the area. The findings also disclosed the correlation between farmers’ age, gender, education, landholdings, farming experience, and economic status with farmers’ socio-psychological orientation. A high level of awareness was found regarding farm technologies. Further, the qualification of adoption has been carried out in the form of a novel “Adoption Index." This study also investigated the major variables consistently influencing adoption across technologies and contexts using binary logistic regression. Ten principal components were identified in the case of factors favouring adoption of farm technologies and seven in the case factors hindering adoption of farm technologies. Factors such as farmers’ economic conditions, adequate training programmes, level of education, awareness, simple technology, fear of failure, lack of technical guidance, and transportation costs were identified as the major factors affecting the adoption behaviour of the farmers in the study area. Thus, due attention to the concerned departments is required in this direction.ThesisItem Open Access PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING AND MENTAL HEALTH OF THE FARMERS IN STATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-03-24) SHIVA THAKUR; Yasmin JanjhuaAgriculture is the primary livelihood source for a significant portion of the population in Himachal Pradesh, making the mental health of farmers a critical concern for both individuals and the broader community. The present study provides a thorough comprehension of psychological wellbeing and mental health of the farmers in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Multistage sampling technique was used in the present study. In the first stage of sampling the four districts i.e., Kangra, Mandi, Kullu, and Bilaspur, of Himachal Pradesh were purposively selected on the basis of their proneness to various weather-related hazards, such as drought, flood, heat wave, frost, pest and diseases outbreak, and hailstorm. The districts were chosen based on their higher incidence of the aforementioned conditions. In the second phase, 30 percent of the blocks in these selected districts were chosen due to having the highest number of cultivators. The sample size was 408 farmers for the study. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents were male. When classifying the respondents by age, it was observed that the largest group, was found to be 46 years and above category. The results demonstrated that the majority of respondents have farming experience between 11-15 years, comprising 27.2 per cent of the total. Results exhibited that a significant proportion of respondents are marginal farmers, comprising 45.6 per cent of the total, followed by small farmers 32.4 per cent. Whereas, semi-medium farmers, medium farmers, and large farmers account for smaller proportions of the total sample size. The effect of sociodemographic variables on mean difference on various dimension of psychological wellbeing in general and over psychological wellbeing in particular was found to be statically significant for nearly all demographic variables. The study revealed that personality factors, physical factors, family factors, economic factors, environmental factors are significant predictors of the psychological wellbeing. Additionally, the most common barriers that farmers perceived while seeking assistance for their psychological wellbeing were noted to be lack of sufficient knowledge about mental health issues, ranking it as the top priority. Followed by ambiguity about whom to approach for assistance. Furthermore, the third most significant obstacle was the scarcity of time due to heavy workloads. Another noteworthy finding in the study pertained to the relationship among psychological well-being, social support, and farm-stress was positive association between psychological well-being and social support. However, based on the observed correlations, it appears that farm-related stress does not have a significant influence on psychological well-being. Further, an assessment was made of the government's structural support system. The findings indicated a varied level of awareness among farmers regarding different government interventions within various sectors. The study's conclusion established that the psychological well-being of farmers fell within the moderate to high range, while psychological distress was observed at low to moderate levels. The study will serve as base for future studies and have implications for educators and policy makers.Agriculture is the primary livelihood source for a significant portion of the population in Himachal Pradesh, making the mental health of farmers a critical concern for both individuals and the broader community. The present study provides a thorough comprehension of psychological wellbeing and mental health of the farmers in the state of Himachal Pradesh. Multistage sampling technique was used in the present study. In the first stage of sampling the four districts i.e., Kangra, Mandi, Kullu, and Bilaspur, of Himachal Pradesh were purposively selected on the basis of their proneness to various weather-related hazards, such as drought, flood, heat wave, frost, pest and diseases outbreak, and hailstorm. The districts were chosen based on their higher incidence of the aforementioned conditions. In the second phase, 30 percent of the blocks in these selected districts were chosen due to having the highest number of cultivators. The sample size was 408 farmers for the study. The results of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents were male. When classifying the respondents by age, it was observed that the largest group, was found to be 46 years and above category. The results demonstrated that the majority of respondents have farming experience between 11-15 years, comprising 27.2 per cent of the total. Results exhibited that a significant proportion of respondents are marginal farmers, comprising 45.6 per cent of the total, followed by small farmers 32.4 per cent. Whereas, semi-medium farmers, medium farmers, and large farmers account for smaller proportions of the total sample size. The effect of sociodemographic variables on mean difference on various dimension of psychological wellbeing in general and over psychological wellbeing in particular was found to be statically significant for nearly all demographic variables. The study revealed that personality factors, physical factors, family factors, economic factors, environmental factors are significant predictors of the psychological wellbeing. Additionally, the most common barriers that farmers perceived while seeking assistance for their psychological wellbeing were noted to be lack of sufficient knowledge about mental health issues, ranking it as the top priority. Followed by ambiguity about whom to approach for assistance. Furthermore, the third most significant obstacle was the scarcity of time due to heavy workloads. Another noteworthy finding in the study pertained to the relationship among psychological well-being, social support, and farm-stress was positive association between psychological well-being and social support. However, based on the observed correlations, it appears that farm-related stress does not have a significant influence on psychological well-being. Further, an assessment was made of the government's structural support system. The findings indicated a varied level of awareness among farmers regarding different government interventions within various sectors. The study's conclusion established that the psychological well-being of farmers fell within the moderate to high range, while psychological distress was observed at low to moderate levels. The study will serve as base for future studies and have implications for educators and policy makers.ThesisItem Open Access PROMOTING E – AGRICULTURE THROUGH ADOPTION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY BY FARMERS IN STATE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH(UHF Nauni, 2024-04-08) AVINASH RANA; Yasmin JanjhuaThe present study entitled “Promoting E-Agriculture through Adoption of Information and Communication Technology by Farmers in State of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during year of 2021-2022 in Kangra, Mandi, Kullu and Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of awareness, knowledge, availability and uses of ICT tools in agriculture. Exploratory cum descriptive research design were adopted. A sample size of 403 farmers were selected who were interviewed through well-structured and standardized questionnaire. To identify the results of ICT frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, t-test, Anova and RPI methods were used. The results showed that majority of the farmers have favourable attitude towards the usage of ICT in agriculture. The chi square test has been applied to examine the association of the socio demographic profile with the extent of adoption where the age, level of education, annual income, farming experience and size land holding shows statistically higher signification association. The finding revealed that farmers have high awareness and knowledge related to different ICT tools i.e., Gadgets, Applications, Portals and New technology but the usage and availability is lesser Such as mobile phone found to be used at higher level among responds, in contrast with portals most widely recognized tools were RKVY, E-Nam and KCC. Similarly, ICT new technology shows that sprinkler irrigation emerged as the most widely recognised and utilized technology among the respondents with high level of awareness. Lack of awareness, lack of finance, lack of motivation, not enough ICT infrastructure were found to be the top ranked constraints. The other constraints reported by farmers were lack of experience, insufficient training in use of ICT technology, fragmented land and so on. The constraints reported by farmers hiders the use of ICT to great extent. Thus, due attention to the concerned agriculture department is required in this direction
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