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Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat
Assam Agricultural University is the first institution of its kind in the whole of North-Eastern Region of India. The main goal of this institution is to produce globally competitive human resources in farm sectorand to carry out research in both conventional and frontier areas for production optimization as well as to disseminate the generated technologies as public good for benefitting the food growers/produces and traders involved in the sector while emphasizing on sustainability, equity and overall food security at household level.
Genesis of AAU -
The embryo of the agricultural research in the state of Assam was formed as early as 1897 with the establishment of the Upper Shillong Experimental Farm (now in Meghalaya) just after about a decade of creation of the agricultural department in 1882. However, the seeds of agricultural research in today’s Assam were sown in the dawn of the twentieth century with the establishment of two Rice Experimental Stations, one at Karimganj in Barak valley in 1913 and the other at Titabor in Brahmaputra valley in 1923. Subsequent to these research stations, a number of research stations were established to conduct research on important crops, more specifically, jute, pulses, oilseeds etc. The Assam Agricultural University was established on April 1, 1969 under The Assam Agricultural University Act, 1968’ with the mandate of imparting farm education, conduct research in agriculture and allied sciences and to effectively disseminate technologies so generated. Before establishment of the University, there were altogether 17 research schemes/projects in the state under the Department of Agriculture. By July 1973, all the research projects and 10 experimental farms were transferred by the Government of Assam to the AAU which already inherited the College of Agriculture and its farm at Barbheta, Jorhat and College of Veterinary Sciences at Khanapara, Guwahati.
Subsequently, College of Community Science at Jorhat (1969), College of Fisheries at Raha (1988), Biswanath College of Agriculture at Biswanath Chariali (1988) and Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science at Joyhing, North Lakhimpur (1988) were established. Presently, the University has three more colleges under its jurisdiction, viz., Sarat Chandra Singha College of Agriculture, Chapar, College of Horticulture, Nalbari & College of Sericulture, Titabar. Similarly, few more regional research stations at Shillongani, Diphu, Gossaigaon, Lakhimpur; and commodity research stations at Kahikuchi, Buralikson, Tinsukia, Kharua, Burnihat and Mandira were added to generate location and crop specific agricultural production packages.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDY ON INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF THE VIRAL DISEASE COMPLEX IN BHUT JOLOKIA (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)(2021) Khaidem, Princy; Kalita, Manoj KumarBhut (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is one of the important spice crops which is mainly cultivated in the Northeastern region of India. Owing to its traditional importance, pharmaceutical applications, and high commercial value, Bhut Jolokiais getting importance but the production of the crop has been hindering attributable particularly due the infection of a number of viruses. With the growing need for proper management approaches for managing the viruses infecting the crop, a number of management strategies have been studied in the present investigations to manage the viral diseases in Bhut Jolokia. Hot water treatment was given to CMV-infected Bhut Jolokia seeds under different temperature regimes and periods. Thermotherapy was observed to be highly significant in reducing the virus infectivity. Bhut jolokia seeds treated at 50°C for 120 minutes was observed to be the best treatment with minimum disease incidence (26.08%), followed by 55°C for 60 minutes and 55°C for 120 minutes. It was recorded that the virus infectivity gradually reduced at higher temperature with longer exposure period, but, the germination rate was declined. The effect of SAR activating chemicals viz., Salicylic acid (SA), a key signalling molecule triggering plant resistance, and Benzothiadiazole (BTH), an analogue of SA were tested on CMV-infected Bhut Jolokiaseeds to see their effect in the disease incidence. Foliar application of Salicylic acid and Benzothiadiazole at three different concentrations @200, 300 and 400 ppm each was tested where BTH @ 400ppm and SA @ 300 and 400ppm were recorded to be the best among all the treatments displaying less severe symptoms with 55.56 per cent disease reduction over control. Field study was conducted to evaluate the integrated effect of management practices like nursery net cover of seedlings, Benzothiadiazole @ 300 ppm with Biometa @ 5% and neem oil @ 5ml/L; Salicylic acid @ 300 ppm with Biometa @ 5% and neem oil @ 5ml/L; Biometa @ 5% and neem oil @ 5ml/L; Biometa @ 5% and Nuvan @ 1ml/L and sticky traps in different treatment combinations in the management of the viral disease infecting Bhut Jolokia. The plants were observed to be naturally infected by CMV and PVY, ChLCV forming a viral disease complex. DAS-ELISA, RT-PCR, and PCR were used for molecular detection of the viruses. The infected plants exhibited a wide range of symptoms such as severe mosaic, filiform, curling, and crinkling of leaves with a reduction in size, stunted plant growth with bushy appearance, fewer flowers, and deformed fruits were exhibited at later stages of plant growth. Incidence of the viral disease complex of CMV, PVY, and ChLCV ranged from 20.80 to 47.23 percent different treatments. The treatment combination T1 with Net cover of seedlings + Sticky trap +Benzothiadiazole @ 300 ppm at 2-3 leaf stage at 3 days interval for 3 times + Bio-Meta @ 5% at 60, 90 and 120 DAT+ Foliar spray with neem oil @5ml/L at 10 days interval from 30 DAG for 5 times was found to be the most effective treatment by delaying the number of days to the first appearance of symptoms with the lowest disease incidence of 20.80 per cent, maximum yield of 3.22 kg/4.5 m2, and highest benefit-cost ratio of 8.56:1.ThesisItem Open Access Organic management of Pest and Diseases in Potato(2021) Patowary, Debarshi; Saikia, M. K.In the present investigation, efforts have been made to evaluate the comparative efficacy of two different forms of copper fungicides viz., copper oxychloride and copper hydroxide against late blight of potato incited by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary under the different spray schedule (10 numbers of sprays at 4 days interval and 8 numbers of sprays at 5 days interval) with a view to select the most effective one for management of the disease. Field experiment performed revealed that both the fungicides could control late blight to a varying extent. Among the fungicides, copper hydroxide proved to be the best in reducing late blight severity. The fungicide could provide highest protection (73.74%) to moderately late blight resistant variety (Kufri Himalini) and 47.23% protection to the susceptible variety (Kufri Jyoti) when applied 10 numbers spray of copper hydroxide @0.2% at 4 days interval. This treatment gave maximum tuber yield 15.73 and 10.26 t/ha in K. Himalini and K. Jyoti respectively. Although maximum net return Rs. 54,200 with a corresponding incremental benefit-cost ratio of 2.25 was recorded in this treatment (10 numbers spray with copper hydroxide @0.2% at 4 days interval) but at the same rate of application the highest B:C ratio (2.41) obtained in the treatment of copper oxy-chloride with a net return of Rs. 43,500. An another study on comparative efficacy of four microbial bioformulations viz., Biometa, Biosona, Biollium and Biogreen against Red ant (Dorylus orientalis Westwood) on potato was evaluated during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The formulation, Biosona (combined tuber treatment @6g/kg tuber and soil application with enriched compost @ 2 t/ha) gave highest tuber yield of 11.23 t/ha with a minimum nfestation rate of 15.71% tuber damage and maximum protection (47.02%) against red ant and also gave a satisfactory profit of Rs. 19,700 with a B:C ratio of 1.48. The third investigation was carried out during 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 to evaluate the comparative efficacy of four microbial bio-formulations viz., Biometa, Biosona, Biolium and Biogreen against Aphid (Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii) on potato. Biolium (Verticilium lecani) @0.5% spray gave highest tuber yield of 10.27 t/ha with a highest protection 33-66 % against aphid. This treatment gave a satisfactory profit of Rs. 10,400 with a B:C ratio of 1.44.ThesisItem Open Access MICROBE BASED MANAGEMENT OF CITRUS CANKER DISEASE vis a vis PREVAILING WEED FLORA(AAU, Jorhat, 2021) Bokotial, Pinkumoni; Nath, Bharat Ch.Citrus canker disease as well the weed flora of citrus grove decrease the quality and quantity of the citrus fruit. An eco-friendly approach for management of Citrus canker disease vis a vis prevailing weed flora was attempted using bioactive microorganisms, Pseudomonas fluorescens and weed pathogens. In the assessment of weed composition, two weeds, Alternanthera philoxeroides and Commelina benghalensis were found to have highest population density of 83% and 25% in the field condition with visible disease symptoms. From the cultural and morphological study of these two isolates, they showed their similarity with Nimbya alternantherae and Colletotrichum siamense. The molecular characterization of these microorganisms was made to determine their distinctiveness from their close relatives through sequencing of ITS region of ribosomal DNA.Interactive action of these two weed pathogen with P. fluorescens resulted in the partial compatibility of P. fluorescens with Nimbya alternantherae and incompatibility reaction in all other possible treatment combinations in vitro. The antagonistic potential of these compatible microbes was tested in vitro singly or in combination and per cent inhibition of target pathogen, Xanthomonas citri pv. citri were recorded and analyzed. Highest inhibition (30.00 %) of X. citri pv. citri was recorded against P. fluorescens and N. alternantherae followed by P. fluorescens (18.52%) in vitro. In the field study, highest citrus canker disease reduction (21.85%) was recorded in the treatment of P. fluorescens followed by treatment comprising of P. fluorescens and N. alternantherae (14.61%). In case of management of Alternantherae philoxeroides weed in field condition, highest percent disease increase (77.49% in manual analysis and 69.98% in AI analysis) was recorded against treatment of N. alternantherae followed by treatment comprising of P. fluorescens and N. alternantherae (41.63% in manual analysis and 45.95% in AI analysis). Correlation studies revealed positive linear relationship between manually and AI analysed data.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical, histopathological and molecular characterization of sesamum phyllody disease in Assam(2021) Gogoi, Shankar Hemanta; Nath, P. DebThe field of phytoplasma diseases witnessed a new height of systematic study and research works throughout the world. An effort was made for biochemical, histopathological and molecular characterization of the sesamum phyllody disease. Sixteen (16) different alternate hosts were identified by molecular technique and out of that 9 were characterized. Three different groups of phytoplasma viz., aster yellows (16SrI), clover proliferation (16SrVI) and stolbur phytoplasma (16Sr XII) were identified to be associated with the phytoplasma alternate host samples. By using iPhyClassifier tool Brinjal phytoplasma isolate was grouped into the subgroup level 16SrVI-D. Exitinus indicus was detected for phytoplasma presence; characterization was done and it was found that it may play a new role for sesamum phyllody phytoplasma transmission. Ten (10) sesamum cultivars were grown in the field and pot conditions to observe the disease reactions and the cultivars were found moderately resistant (MR) to moderately susceptible (MS). The sesamum phyllody disease was successfully transmitted from infected to healthy sesamum plants by graft transmission (80%). Membrane-bound, phytoplasma-like bodies were detected in Transmission electron microscopy. Total chlorophyll content was reduced by 41.02 per cent in severely infected plants, while in mildly infected plant it was reduced by 28.20 per cent. Ratio between chlorophyll “a” and chlorophyll “b” progressively reduced as a result of infection. The ratio was 1.02 in healthy plants, while it was 1.01 and 0.96 in case of mild infection and severe infection, respectively. Phyllody disease considerably increased the dry matter content in the infected plant. Increase in dry matter content was 12.41 per cent and 19.85 per cent in mildly infected and severely infected plants, respectively. However, no considerable difference in moisture content was observed in both mildly and severely infected plants compared to the healthy ones. Phyllody disease decreased the total nitrogen as well as protein content. The reduction in protein content was 8.50 per cent in mildly infected leaves and 13.29 per cent in severely infected leaves. Phenol content was increased as disease advanced from milder to severe symptoms stage from 2.24 mg/g to 2.68 mg/g, respectively, as compared to healthy leaves i.e., 1.85 mg/g. Molecular characterization of Sesamum phyllody phytoplasma was done from all the agro-climatic zones of Assam and all the phytoplasma isolates were grouped into 16SrI-B. Restriction Fragment Length Analysis (RFLP) was done with three restriction enzymes viz., BamHI, EcoRI and RsaI. Sequence analysis, iPhyClassifier and the comparison between virtual and actual RFLP pattern revealed that there is no genetic difference among the Sesamum phyllody phytoplasma isolates of Assam.ThesisItem Open Access SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLE FROM BIORESOURCES FOR MANAGEMENT OF BLAST DISEASES OF RICE(2021) Kaman, Pranjal Kumar; Bhattacharyya, AshokDevelopment of reliable and eco-friendly process for synthesis of metallic nanoparticle is an important steps in the field of nanotechnology. An effort was made for biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles from bioresources like microbes Aspergillus niger, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium lecannii, Purpeurocillium lilacinus and botanicals like Ocimum gratissimum, Acorus calamus, Aloe barbadensis and Azadirachta indica. Chloroauric acid was added as precursor for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Study on in vitro efficacy of biosynthesized gold nanoparticle from bioresources was tested at hundred percent concentration against Magnaporthe grisea and effective source was found to be Metarhizium anisopliae and Ocimum gratissimum. Further efficacy of biosynthesized gold nanoparticle from Metarhizium anisopliae and Ocimum gratissimum. was tested against Magnaporthe grisea at three different concentrations (50, 100 and 150ppm) comparison was made with Tryclozole @ 600 ppm. The result showed that the gold nanoparticles at 150 ppm significantly inhibit the mycelia growth of the pathogens as compared to the Tryclozole @ 600 ppm. The effective biosynthesized gold nanoparticles was characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), Zeta Sizer and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Formation of gold nanoparticles were confirmed by UV-VIS spectroscopy study with absorption peaks at 550 nm. FTIR study showed that synthesized gold nanoparticle has all the required functional groups like OH, N-H, C-H and COO-. Study on surface properties of nanoparticles by using zetasizer resulted that gold nanoparticle from Metarhizium anisopliae was found to be negative and were stable in nature with zeta potential value of -20.7 mV. DLS analysis showed that the average size of the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles is 32.54 nm with polydispersity index of 0.560. TEM study showed that shape of the biosynthesized nanoparticle is from triangular to quasihedral and the size range from 9-54nm. Again, a pot experiment was conducted for studying its effect on morphophysiology as well as soil physico chemical and biological properties by different methods of application like seedling dip treatment, foliar spray and soil application. A positive effect was found on the morphology, soil physico chemical and biological properties when rice seedling was treated as seedling dip treatmen + foliar spray + Soil application @ 150ppm.ThesisItem Open Access Role of beneficial bacteria on yield of Calocybe indica and Pleurotus species and management of contaminants in mushroom beds(2022) Gogoi, Monuj; Sarmah, D. K.Milky (Calocybe indica) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) is the mostimportant cultivated mushroom in India and a very less works has been conducted to identified the role of bacteria on growth and yield of mushrooms. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the effective bacterial spp. isolated from cultivated mushroom substrates and their role in mycelial growth, influence of primordia formation, pinhead and yield of mushrooms. Six bacterial cultures were isolated from the growth substrates of Pleurotus spp. and casing soil of Calocybe indica. Out of six bacterial isolates, 3 isolates were observed positive effect on growth and development of mushroom species. The other isolates were inhibiting the mycelial growth of Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus djamor and Calocybe indica. In in vitro experiment was observed that addition of effective single and combine bacterial isolates with pure culture of C. indica, P. florida and P. djamor enhanced the pinhead formation in Petriplate conditions as compared to control. In vitro cultivation of Pleuortus spp., single and combined application of MB1, MB2 and MB5 could enhanached the formation of pinhead, primordia and fruting body as well as increasing the yield of P. florida and P. djamor. In in vivo experiments, combined application of MB1, MB2 and MB5 (T7) isolates were found to be the best treatment to enhances the spawn run, early initiation of pinhead, formation of fruiting body and yield of C. indica and P. florida. In case of P. djamor experiments, the maximum growth and yield parameters were observed in spraying of MB1 @ 30 ml/bed (T1) followed by spraying of MB1, MB2 and MB5 @ 30 ml/bed (T7) to promote the growth and yield parameters of P. djamor over control. The bacterial isolates viz., MB1, MB2 and MB5 were recorded more or less inhibition against the mycelial growth of Trichoderma spp. in in vitro conditions. The maximum mycelial growth inhibition percent (55.44%) was observed in MB2 isolates over control. The highest natural incidence of green mould contamination was observed in all the mushroom species viz., C. indica, P. florida and P. djamor beds in control treatment (without inoculation of bacterial isolates) in in vivo conditions. Based on cultural, morphological, biochemical and molecular analysis, the bacterial isolates viz., MB1, MB2 and MB5 were identified as Pseudomonas flourescens (96.79% homology with KM206793.1), Bacillus cereus (98.01% homology with MG594014.1) and Alcaligenes faecalis (98.26% homology with KY608969.1) respectively. In another experiment, all the effective bacterial isolates were able to produce growth promoting 6 substances like siderophore and IAA.Nutrient contents viz., crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash and carbohydrate of C. indica and P. florida were enhanced by combined addition of effective bacterial isolates to the cultivated substrates over uninoculated control. In the present investigation it was also observed that the combined inoculation of effective bacterial isolates viz., MB1, MB2 and MB5 increased the mineral contents (calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium) of C. indica and P. florida. In case of P. djamor, mineral contents were maximum in T1 (spraying of MB1 @ 30 ml/bed) followed by T7 (spraying of MB1 + MB2 + MB5 @ 30 ml/bed) as compared to control (T8). The results of present experiments concluded that artificial addition of growth promoting bacterium in growing medium play a crucial role in the early colonization of substrates, initiation of fruting body, yield enhancement and management of green mould contamination of mushrooms.ThesisItem Open Access Development of mapping population and use of SSR markers for breeding disease resistance against Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV)(2021) Oladokun, John Oladeji; Nath, P. D.Tomato leaf curl disease (ToLCD) caused by the tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) has been a serious threat to tomato crops for decades and breeding genotypes resistant to ToLCD is a sustainable management option. An open field screening was conducted in an augmented design between 2018 and 2019 which was aimed at identifying resistance in 39 tomato genotypes, and developing mapping populations for genetic and inheritance trait analysis in the population. Symptoms associated with ToLCV were recorded, importantly leaf curls incidence alone accounted for 53% (in single infection). The highly resistant genotypes are EC164563, 171, EC520078-B, EC165690, IIHR 2904, H24, S. pimpinellifolium, IIHR 2871, IIHR 2862, EC157568, EC521067-B, and IIHR 2867 with incidence ranging between 8.3-18.2% ± 12.3. The S. pimpinellifolium was selected for further studies. There was a significant relationship between whitefly population × minimum temperature (r = -0.973, P=0.05), whitefly population × relative humidity (r = -0.996, P=0.05) and whitefly population × average disease incidence (r =0.996, P=0.05). Out of 60 symptomatic and asymptomatic bulked leaf samples tested by PCR with six different primers targeting different components of the genome, only 32 (53.3%) were confirmed to be ToLCV infected. The nucleotides of sequence Jorhat isolates of the DNA-β satellite component of ToLCV (accession number: MZ2962423, MZ2962424, MZ2962425) similarity identity falls between 99.4 to 99.5 % with ToLCBDB (accession number AJ542489) and a closed cluster with two ToLCBDB isolates (AJ542489 – tomato, MN985116 – country bean) in the phylogenetic tree. One hundred and twenty (120) SSR markers were screened for parental polymorphism check between Pusa Ruby (susceptible) and S. pimpinellifolium AAU2019 (resistant), only 11/120 were polymorphic while 109 /120 were monomorphic. In the cross of Pusa Ruby × S. pimpinellifolium AAU2019 and other generations F2 (self-pollinated F1), and B1F1 or BCs, developed and screened for ToLCV infection in the field, disease incidence was lowest in S. pimpinellifolium AAU2019 (7.3 %) followed by F2 (33.3%) but higher in Pusa Ruby (91.3%) when genetic control in S. pimpinellifolium AAU2019 was studied. Using a co-dominant marker (SSR 63), the inheritance and genetic analysis study of resistance to ToLCV in an interspecific cross (Pusa Ruby × S. pimpinellifolium AAU2019) in different mapping populations by SSR63 molecular marker revealed a monogenic recessive (best-fit ratios 3:1, 1:1) nature of ToLCV resistance. Progenies of F2, and B1F1 or BCs generations tested for ToLCV DNA varied in terms of the intensity on resolve in gel electrophoresis using the same DNA concentration and compared to Pusa Ruby with higher intensity and not in S. pimpinellifolium AAU2019. However, the type of resistance derived and inherited from S. pimpinellifolium AAU2019 is assumed to be controlled by a single gene in a recessive state and it is neither fixed nor dominant. This is based on the genotypic segregating pattern, responses of the generations developed to ToLCV infection. Hence, this study provides the potential of S. pimpinellifolium AAU2019 as an alternative breeding source for developing resistant cultivars against ToLCV.ThesisItem Open Access Elimination of the Potato Viruses from the Local Landraces through in Vitro Culture(2022) Phookan, Jutimala; Kalita, Manoj KumarThe present investigation on local landraces of potatoes from Assam was conducted to eliminate the viral infections. For this the local landraces were collected from different districts of Assam viz., Jorhat, Biswanath, Sonitpur, Barpeta, Dibrugarh and Kokrajhar. Different symptoms like puckering of leaves, cupping of leaves, leaf rolling, purple colouration on leaves, calico pattern, mosaic symptoms, crinkling of leaves, etc. were observed. It was observed that the landrace from Barpeta had the highest disease incidence of 62.22 per cent and the lowest incidence of 10.00 per cent was observed in Badami aloo collected from Kokrajhar. PCR analysis of the symptomatic samples showed the presence of different viruses like PVY, PLRV, PVM, PVX, PVS and AMV. The potato tubers were also subjected to PCR analysis and only PLRV was detected with the highest incidence in Barpeta landrace (75.00 %). The growth and yield attributing characters of the landraces collected were also recorded. Plant height was observed to be highest in the landrace of Dibrugarh with 43.36 cm. The highest number of branches was observed in Dibrugarh landrace. The weight of tubers per plant was observed to be highest in case of Dibrugarh landrace (383.48 g). In the in vitro studies, three types of explants (nodal segment, tuber eyes and apical meristem) with two types of media (MS and PM media) were used to conduct the experiment. Among the various hormonal combinations used for shooting, the best hormonal combination observed was 2 mg/ l GA3 + 4mg/ l NAA + 2 mg/ l BAP irrespective of the explant and media used in case of the parameters viz., time required for shooting, number of shoots developed and length of shoots. Similarly in case of rooting the best hormonal combination observed was 1.5 mg/ l IAA + 1.5 mg/ l GA3 + 1.5 mg/ l KIN irrespective of the explant and media used in case of the parameters viz., time required for rooting, number of roots developed and length of roots. The potato plantlets survived highest (86.67 %) when grown from tuber eyes whereas the disease incidence of PLRV was lowest (20.00 %) in case of plantlets grown from apical meristem. Further SAR chemicals were applied exogenously in the potato plants grown in field condition and it was observed that BTH applied at 1.5 mM had the highest reduction of incidence over control (87.03 %). The results of application of SAR chemicals were also supported by the biochemical analysis of DAB assay and PPO assay. On application of thermotherapy, no disease incidence was observed at 40 ⁰C for 2 hours 30 minutes where germination was 50 per cent.ThesisItem Open Access Molecular epidemiology of viral disease complex of Capsicum chinense Jacq. in North Eastern Region of India(2022) Khaba, Chingakham Inao; Nath, P. D.Viral disease complex of Capsicum chinense Jacq. were the major constraint facing by king chilli growers in North Eastern Region (NER) of India in recent decades. A total of 94 samples were collected from Assam (36), Arunachal Pradesh (12), Nagaland (10), Meghalaya (8) and Manipur (28). Both DNA & RNA were isolated and detected CMV, PVY, ChiLCV & GBNV. Peculiar symptoms of shoestring, vein banding, leaf puckering, leaf curl and leaf necrosis were observed. Moreover, unknown mix viral infection symptom like yellowing, stunted growth were also observed. Severe symptoms as well as highest vectors population were observed in Assam and lowest in Meghalaya. After PCR base detection, CMV has the highest per cent infection in NER of India (47.88%) followed by PVY (8.58%), ChiLCV (8.34%) and GBNV (4.55%). CMV was detected from all the five states of north east India. The highest disease incidence of CMV was observed in Manipur (53.57%) and lowest in Meghalaya (37.50%). PVY was detected from Assam and Manipur with an incidence of 26.31 and 16.66% respectively. ChiLCV and GBNV were detected from Assam only with an incidence of 26.31 and 16.66% respectively. With respect to altitude, CMV was more prevalent at the mid-altitude (200-800 m a.s.l.) with 54% and followed by low altitude (<200 m a.s.l.) with 48%. The lowest CMV prevalent was at the high altitude (>800 m a.s.l.) with 47%. Whitefly prevalence depending on altitude; at low altitudes (0–200 m), 35% of the plants sampled were colonized by more than five whiteflies and 38% of the plants no whiteflies were detected. Although 49% of the plants sampled at mid-altitude (200–800 m) were not colonized, 33% were colonized by one to five whiteflies, and the remaining 17% by more than five. At high altitudes (>800 m a.s.l), no whiteflies were detected on 92% of the plants. Those mix viral infection of king chilli leaves was done Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in Illumina platform. A data of 3.75 GB was generated in which 66.2% of chilli genome were mapped. The unmapped read data was 1.4 GB. After Denovo assembly, 51.9 Mb was generated and subjected to BLAST in NCBI. A total of 27 different isolates of king chilly viruses were revealed and 6 viruses were novel in NER of India viz., Pepper cryptic virus, Pepper vein yellows virus, Tomato ringspot virus, Capsicum frutescens endornavirus, Alphaendorna virus and Pepper leafroll virus . The highest occurrence virus was pepper vein yellow virus (10/27) and followed by Pepper cryptic virus (6/27), Capsicum frutescens endornavirus (4/27) and Chilli veinal mottle virus (3/27) respectively. The single occurrence viruses were Tomato ringspot virusT , Potato virus Y, , Pepper leafroll virus and Alphaendorna virus . All the NGS viruses were ranged 87-100 % homology to NCBI database.
