STUDY ON INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF THE VIRAL DISEASE COMPLEX IN BHUT JOLOKIA (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)
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Date
2021
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Abstract
Bhut (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is one of the important spice crops
which is mainly cultivated in the Northeastern region of India. Owing to its traditional
importance, pharmaceutical applications, and high commercial value, Bhut Jolokiais
getting importance but the production of the crop has been hindering attributable
particularly due the infection of a number of viruses. With the growing need for proper
management approaches for managing the viruses infecting the crop, a number of
management strategies have been studied in the present investigations to manage the
viral diseases in Bhut Jolokia. Hot water treatment was given to CMV-infected Bhut
Jolokia seeds under different temperature regimes and periods. Thermotherapy was
observed to be highly significant in reducing the virus infectivity. Bhut jolokia seeds
treated at 50°C for 120 minutes was observed to be the best treatment with minimum
disease incidence (26.08%), followed by 55°C for 60 minutes and 55°C for 120
minutes. It was recorded that the virus infectivity gradually reduced at higher
temperature with longer exposure period, but, the germination rate was declined. The
effect of SAR activating chemicals viz., Salicylic acid (SA), a key signalling molecule
triggering plant resistance, and Benzothiadiazole (BTH), an analogue of SA were tested
on CMV-infected Bhut Jolokiaseeds to see their effect in the disease incidence. Foliar
application of Salicylic acid and Benzothiadiazole at three different concentrations
@200, 300 and 400 ppm each was tested where BTH @ 400ppm and SA @ 300 and
400ppm were recorded to be the best among all the treatments displaying less severe
symptoms with 55.56 per cent disease reduction over control.
Field study was conducted to evaluate the integrated effect of management
practices like nursery net cover of seedlings, Benzothiadiazole @ 300 ppm with
Biometa @ 5% and neem oil @ 5ml/L; Salicylic acid @ 300 ppm with Biometa @ 5%
and neem oil @ 5ml/L; Biometa @ 5% and neem oil @ 5ml/L; Biometa @ 5% and
Nuvan @ 1ml/L and sticky traps in different treatment combinations in the management
of the viral disease infecting Bhut Jolokia. The plants were observed to be naturally
infected by CMV and PVY, ChLCV forming a viral disease complex. DAS-ELISA,
RT-PCR, and PCR were used for molecular detection of the viruses. The infected plants
exhibited a wide range of symptoms such as severe mosaic, filiform, curling, and
crinkling of leaves with a reduction in size, stunted plant growth with bushy appearance,
fewer flowers, and deformed fruits were exhibited at later stages of plant growth.
Incidence of the viral disease complex of CMV, PVY, and ChLCV ranged from 20.80
to 47.23 percent different treatments. The treatment combination T1 with Net cover of
seedlings + Sticky trap +Benzothiadiazole @ 300 ppm at 2-3 leaf stage at 3 days
interval for 3 times + Bio-Meta @ 5% at 60, 90 and 120 DAT+ Foliar spray with neem
oil @5ml/L at 10 days interval from 30 DAG for 5 times was found to be the most
effective treatment by delaying the number of days to the first appearance of symptoms
with the lowest disease incidence of 20.80 per cent, maximum yield of 3.22 kg/4.5 m2,
and highest benefit-cost ratio of 8.56:1.