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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa

In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa. Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex. Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.

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20224
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Subject: Vegetable Science × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2022 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Variability and Cause Effect study in Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.)
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) DINESH, Mr.; Singh, S. P.
    The current research study entitled “Variability and Cause Effect study in Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.)” was conducted during the year 2020-21 at Vegetable Research Farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. The experimental materials included twenty genotypes of Pointed gourd, along with a check variety Swarn Rekha. The experiment was carried out in RBD design, with 3 replications and spacing of 2m × 1m. The findings were recorded on fourteen quantitative traits like, number of vines/plant, vine length (cm), internodal length (cm), node at which first flower appeared, days to 1st flower initiation, number of fruits/plant, fruit length (cm), breadth of fruit (cm), weight of fruit (g), volume of fruit (ml), number of seeds/fruit, Seed: Pulp, fruit yield (q/ha) and T.S.S. (° Brix) and four qualitative traits, such as; fruit curvature, fruit shape, fruit skin colour pattern and fruit colour at marketable stage. The ANOVA indicated existence of highly significant variations among the genotypes for all the characters studied suggesting the existence of abundant extent of variability among the experimented material. The majority of the yield attributing traits including fruit yield exhibited high heritability combined with high GAM, inferring the preponderance of additive gene action which will facilitates in early generation selection on the basis of such traits. Three traits namely; number of vines/plant, vine length and number of fruits/plant have exhibited positive as well as significant association with fruit yield comprising it’s positive and moderate direct effect. Suggestions that crop improvement may be benefit from selection based on these parameters. The genotypes placed to Clusters I, II and IV showed higher intra-cluster distances respectively, indicating that these genotypes had the wider variability. Maximum inter-cluster distance was found in between Cluster II and Cluster V, followed by in between Cluster II and Cluster VI and in between Cluster I and Cluster VI. This suggests that the genotypes placed in these clusters used to have the best heterotic recombinants. The genotype present in Cluster V (PGS-5) may be use as donor to enhance yield and most of yield attributing traits. Materials under study as per contribution percentage towards diversity maximum for the traits Seed: Pulp and node at which first flower appeared.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SOWING DATES ON YIELD OF GARDEN PEA (Pisum sativum L.)
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) BEHERA, NISHIPRABHA; KUMAR, UDIT
    The current field investigation entitled “Influence of different sowing dates on yield of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.)” was undertaken during the Rabi season of 2021-22 in vegetable research farm, Department of Horticulture, PG College of Agriculture, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur region of Bihar state. The investigation was performed in Randomized block design with three replications consisting of eight different sowing dates of garden pea. Cv. Azad Pea-3 from 12th October (T1) to 21st December 2021(T8), at 10 days interval between each sowing dates. Observations made on various growth, yield & quality parameters were evaluated & correlated with mean maximum, minimum temperature & bright sunshine hours as recorded during different phases of crop growth. Growth parameters like plant stand, plant height, number of branches plant-1 & number of nodules plant-1 at flowering were highly influenced by different dates of sowing. Maximum plant stand (93.53%) was recorded with T6, plant height at 60 DAS (83.77cm), number of branches plant-1 (3.97) & number of nodules plant-1 at flowering (26.13) with T4. Whereas minimum values were recorded with T1 in all growth parameters. Length of various phases like days to first flowering, days from flowering to harvest & days from sowing to harvest were also greatly influenced by different dates of sowing. Minimum days to first flowering (29.33), flowering to harvest (38.33) & days from sowing to harvest (67.67) were recorded with T1. Meanwhile, maximum values were recorded with T6. Pod yield, seed yield & their attributing parameters were notably influenced by different dates of sowing. Maximum number of green pods plant-1 (20.80), pod length (9.30cm), 10 pods weight (75.67g), shelling percentage (54.18) & pod yield hectare-1 (52.06q/ha) were recorded with T4. Whereas T1 recorded minimum for all such parameters. Seed yield & its attributing parameters viz. number of seeded pods plant-1 (17.23), number of seeds pod-1 (8.10), 10 pods seed weight (41.00g), 100 seed weight (44.63g) & seed yield hectare-1 (24.07q/ha) were recorded highest with T4 & lowest with T1.The quality parameters under study were much influenced in response to various dates of sowing. A maximum value for TSS (16.67° Brix) was recorded with T6, total sugar (92.39mg/g), reducing sugar (25.03mg/g) with T4 & minimum with T1. But soluble protein content (65.93mg/g) was highest for T1, while lowest in T7. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationship of plant height at 20 DAS & 40 DAS, number of nodules plant-1 at flowering & soluble protein content with mean maximum temperature & average bright sunshine hrs. A negative association of plant stand, length of various phases (days for first flowering, days from flowering to harvest, days from sowing to harvest), pod yield attributing (number of green pods plant-1, pod length, 10 pods weight, shelling percentage & pod yield hectare-1), seed yield attributing (number of seeded pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, 10 pods seed weight & seed yield hectare-1) & other quality parameters (TSS, total sugar & reducing sugar) was observed with mean maximum, minimum temperature & average bright sunshine hrs. recorded during various phases especially during flowering to harvest period of crop. Mean maximum temperature 21.6-23.4℃, minimum temperature 10.2-10.9℃ & 3.0-4.8 hours of bright sunshine from flowering to harvest of crop was observed to be markedly associated with higher pod & seed yield of garden pea. Hence from the current investigation it could be inferred that sowing of garden pea from 1st November to 1st December was effective in providing favorable meteorological conditions required for different phenophases which eventually led to maximization of pod & seed yield under North Bihar conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of Post Harvest Quality of Pointed Gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) Genotypes during Storage
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) MAURYA, SHUBHAM; Prasad, K.
    The present study entitled “Evaluation of Post Harvest Quality of Pointed Gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) Genotypes during Storage” was carried using 12-pointed gourd crop of the genotypes/varieties namely „PGS-1‟, „PGS-2‟, „PGS-3‟, „PGS-5‟, „PGS-11‟, „PGS-12‟, „PGS-13‟, „Swarna Alaukik‟, „Swarna Rekha‟, „Swarna Suruchi‟, „Kashi Alankar‟, „Kashi Suphal‟ cultivated during the Zaid season of 2021–2022 at research laboratory of TCA, Dholi, Botany Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Research Centre on Litchi, Bihar. Pointed gourd considered as the „King of gourd‟ in India. There are 42 species found in Indo-malayan region and 22 are found in India. Among the several species of Trichosanthes but the Trichosanthes dioica bears commercial value. Several cultivars (genotypes) have been developed by the horticulturists and few varieties (genotypes) are added every year. However, there is lack of postharvest research on biochemical/nutritional profiling and phytochemical changes during storage which is yet to be attempted in the genotypes. Hence, present study was conducted with two objectives, these were in objective I divided into two experiments, in experiment No - I, 12 different genotypes were assessed for physical, physiological, quality, functional Name of Student : SHUBHAM MAURYA Registration Number : M/HORT. (VS)/489/2020-21 Major Advisor : Dr. K. Prasad Degree to be Awarded : Master of Science in Agriculture (Horticulture) Vegetable Science Department : Horticulture Major Subject : Vegetable Science Minor Subject : Plant Breeding and Genetics Year : 2021-22 Title of Thesis : Evaluation of Post Harvest Quality of Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) Genotypes during Storage University : Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar 848125 Total Pages of Thesis : 86 + Bibliography (i-vii) and enzymatic activities, and in the experiment II, 12 genotypes were assessed for iochemical and enzymatic activities changes during storage at am ient storage condition 25 4 C and 65 5% RH). Under the objective II, the suitability of genotypes for sweet and dehydrated product making from the selected genotypes was explored. In context of first objective for the nutritional characterisation of selected pointed gourd genotypes, fruits of 12 genotypes were manually harvested, washed and stored, recordings were taken on various postharvest attributes. Our results revealed that the selected genotypes varied significantly for the studied attributes such as physical, physiological, quality, functional, enzymatic and minerals content. In context to physical parameters. Among the selected 12 genotypes fruit length (10.17 cm), width (3.53 cm) and weight (32.78 g) was the maximum in „PGS-3‟. Fruit firmness was the highest in „PGS-2‟ 13.20 N). The physiological activity i.e., respiration rate was the highest in „Swarna Alaukik‟ 54 ml CO2 kg-1 h-1). Among the biochemical attributes, the highest total soluble solids were the maximum in „Swarna Alaukik‟ 3.50 ºB). The titrata le acidity 0.60 %), ascorbic acid (29.50 mg 100g-1), dietary fibre (5.20 mg 100 g-1), was the maximum in „PGS-3‟. The total sugars content was the maximum in „Swarna Alaukik‟ 1.70 %). The total phenolic content (117.40 μg GAE g-1), total flavonoids content (1.08 mg 100 g-1), chlorophyll „a‟ 0.299 mg 100 g-1) and chlorophyll „ ‟ 0.144 mg 100 g-1) was the maximum in „PGS-3‟. Furthermore, the total carotenoids content was the maximum in „Swarna Alauik‟ 0.016 mg 100 g-1). The maximum values of DPPH free radical scavenging activity and were the observed in „PGS-11‟ 58.23 μmol TE g-1). The genotype „PGS-2‟ exhi ited highest polygalactouronsae 40.33 μg galactouronic acid g-1 h-1 FW) and pectin methylesterase activity (0.07 μmol min-1 g-1 FW). However, the LOX activity was the maximum in „PGS-12‟ 0.003 μmol min-1 ml-1). Among the studied mineral content of genotypes, phosphorus content was the maximum in „Kashi Suphal‟ 42 mg 100 g-1) while the potassium content was the maximum in „Swarna Suruchi‟ 86 mg 100 g-1). Under experiment II of the first objective, where the quality changes during storage of selected genotypes, in context to physical attribute, physiological attribute, irrespective of storage days, the fruit firmness was the highest in „PGS-2‟ 10.84 N). Irrespective of storage day, the PLW was the maximum in „Swarna Alaukik‟ 16.27 %). The highest respiration rate was exhi ited y „Swarna Alaukik‟ 71.00 ml CO2 kg-1 h-1). The total solu le solids content was the highest in „Swarna Alaukik‟ (4.09 B). The total phenolic content was the maximum in „Swarna Suruchi‟ 97.85 μg GAE g-1), the highest titratable acidity (0.56 %), the total flavonoid content (0.92 mg 100 g-1), the chlorophyll „a‟ content 0.275 mg 100 g-1), the chlorophyll „ ‟ content (0.122 mg 100 g-1), was the maximum in „PGS-3‟. The highest ascor ic acidity was recorded in „PGS-11‟ 28.07 mg 100 g-1). The total sugar (1.89 %), the carotenoid content (0.036 mg 100 g-1) was the maximum in „Swarna Alauik‟ and the DPPH free radical scavenging activity content was highest in „PGS-11‟ 33.53 μmol trolox g-1). In context of enzymatic activity, the highest polygalactouronsae activity was observed in „Swarna Alaukik‟ 45.66 μg galactouronicacid g-1 h-1 FW). The highest pectin methylestearase activity was observed in „PGS-2‟ 0.16 μmol min-1 g-1 FW). The highest LOX activity „Kashi Suphal‟ 0.003256 μmol min-1 ml-1). In context of second objective product making, the genotypes, „Swarna Alaukik‟, „PGS-1‟, „PGS- 13‟ and „Kashi Suphal‟ displayed greatest suitability for pointed gourd sweet and „PGS-3‟, „Swarna Rekha‟, „Swarna Suruchi‟ and „PGS-11‟ were highly suitable for dehydrated pointed gourd.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Combining Ability and Heterosis Study in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
    (DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) Sharma, Krishna Kumar; Pramila, Dr.
    The present investigation entitled “Combining Ability and Heterosis Study in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)” was conducted at “Vegetable Research Farm, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar”. The experiment material consisted of ten-line, three tester and thirty crosses of tomato including a check were grown studied for thirteen traits with two qualitative traits viz. “Plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of days to first flower initiation, number of flowers per cluster, number of fruits per cluster, number of clusters per plant, number of days to first picking, polar diameter of fruit (cm), equatorial diameter of fruit (cm), average fruit weight (gm), total soluble solid content of the fruit (°brix), acidity of the fruit (%) and fruit yield per plant (kg)” in randomized block design (RBD) consist of three replications in rabi season of 2021-22. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the attributes studied. Significant differences indicating the presence of ample amount of variability among the research material. According to the results of the experiments, three parents viz. Kashi Hemant, Kashi Vishesh (lines) and Bhilai (tester) were found to be superior in terms of mean performance as well as having significant general combining ability effects; suggesting that these parental lines and tester may be used in hybridization programme to have the early maturing higher yielding recombinants. On the basis of specific combining ability high per se performance with positive significant effects, three cross combinations were found to be preferable for yield and yield component traits: EC 177371 x PKM-1, Pant T-3 x PKM-1 and S-12 x PDT-3-1 envisage that then cross combinations may be exploited to have heterotic recombination. In majority of the characters recorded high sca variance than the gca variance suggesting that there is major role of non-additive gene action as well as per the gene action studies that predominance of dominant effects on governing the majority of attributes indicated the heterosis breeding will be rewarding to improve yield of tomato. Positive significant economic heterosis were recorded in EC 177516 x PKM-1, S-12 x PDT-3-1 and Pant T-5 x Bhilai crosses for yield and most of the yield attribute traits. Consequently, these hybrid combinations may be studied further through multiplications before being released as a substitute for already existing hybrid tomato varieties in Bihar and throughout India.