INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SOWING DATES ON YIELD OF GARDEN PEA (Pisum sativum L.)
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Date
2022
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DRPCAU, PUSA
Abstract
The current field investigation entitled “Influence of different sowing dates on yield of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.)” was undertaken during the Rabi season of 2021-22 in vegetable research farm, Department of Horticulture, PG College of Agriculture, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur region of Bihar state. The investigation was performed in Randomized block design with three replications consisting of eight different sowing dates of garden pea. Cv. Azad Pea-3 from 12th October (T1) to 21st December 2021(T8), at 10 days interval between each sowing dates. Observations made on various growth, yield & quality parameters were evaluated & correlated with mean maximum, minimum temperature & bright sunshine hours as recorded during different phases of crop growth.
Growth parameters like plant stand, plant height, number of branches plant-1 & number of nodules plant-1 at flowering were highly influenced by different dates of sowing. Maximum plant stand (93.53%) was recorded with T6, plant height at 60 DAS (83.77cm), number of branches plant-1 (3.97) & number of nodules plant-1 at flowering (26.13) with T4. Whereas minimum values were recorded with T1 in all growth parameters. Length of various phases like days to first flowering, days from flowering to harvest & days from sowing to harvest were also greatly influenced by different dates of sowing. Minimum days to first flowering (29.33), flowering to
harvest (38.33) & days from sowing to harvest (67.67) were recorded with T1. Meanwhile, maximum values were recorded with T6. Pod yield, seed yield & their attributing parameters were notably influenced by different dates of sowing. Maximum number of green pods plant-1 (20.80), pod length (9.30cm), 10 pods weight (75.67g), shelling percentage (54.18) & pod yield hectare-1 (52.06q/ha) were recorded with T4. Whereas T1 recorded minimum for all such parameters. Seed yield & its attributing parameters viz. number of seeded pods plant-1 (17.23), number of seeds pod-1 (8.10), 10 pods seed weight (41.00g), 100 seed weight (44.63g) & seed yield hectare-1 (24.07q/ha) were recorded highest with T4 & lowest with T1.The quality parameters under study were much influenced in response to various dates of sowing. A maximum value for TSS (16.67° Brix) was recorded with T6, total sugar (92.39mg/g), reducing sugar (25.03mg/g) with T4 & minimum with T1. But soluble protein content (65.93mg/g) was highest for T1, while lowest in T7.
Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationship of plant height at 20 DAS & 40 DAS, number of nodules plant-1 at flowering & soluble protein content with mean maximum temperature & average bright sunshine hrs. A negative association of plant stand, length of various phases (days for first flowering, days from flowering to harvest, days from sowing to harvest), pod yield attributing (number of green pods plant-1, pod length, 10 pods weight, shelling percentage & pod yield hectare-1), seed yield attributing (number of seeded pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, 10 pods seed weight & seed yield hectare-1) & other quality parameters (TSS, total sugar & reducing sugar) was observed with mean maximum, minimum temperature & average bright sunshine hrs. recorded during various phases especially during flowering to harvest period of crop. Mean maximum temperature 21.6-23.4℃, minimum temperature 10.2-10.9℃ & 3.0-4.8 hours of bright sunshine from flowering to harvest of crop was observed to be markedly associated with higher pod & seed yield of garden pea.
Hence from the current investigation it could be inferred that sowing of garden pea from 1st November to 1st December was effective in providing favorable meteorological conditions required for different phenophases which eventually led to maximization of pod & seed yield under North Bihar conditions.