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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa
In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa.
Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex.
Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur
The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.
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ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON GENDER-BASED RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN MUZAFFARPUR DISTRICT OF BIHAR AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON WOMEN DEVELOPMENT(Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) PREETI; Kumari, PunamGender is “Socially constructed roles, activities, behaviours and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for women and men.” Gender-based resource allocation is defined as the distribution of resources within the family among girls and boys according to their gender. The study focused on gender-based resource allocation in rural households and its implications on women development. To know the dimensions and reasons of gender-based resource allocation and its impact on women development the researcher selected 120 respondents. The study indicates that gender-based resource allocation exists in targeted area; the study indicates that women have fewer resources than men. Due to unequal distribution of resources within the family girls are deprived of access to various resources such as material goods – food, clothing, goods and services, land & property, vehicles, money, savings and other essential facilities which affect the development of girls/women. For gender neutral resource allocation in the families must be promoted in order to develop an equalitarian society.ThesisItem Open Access TO STUDY THE GENDER BIASNESS PREVALENT IN FAMILY AND SOCIETY AND ITS EFFECT ON CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN IN SAMASTIPUR DISTRICT OF BIHAR(Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) Jena, Padmalaya; Kumari, PunamGender biasness persists in the form of fewer educational opportunities, less food and nutrition portions and exclusion of women from decision-making processes which has an impact on women‟s potential to achieve the economic autonomy in order to lead a better quality of life by entering into the professions of their desired career choices. Therefore, an empirical study was conducted to see the gender biasness prevailing in the society which affects the career development of women. The study was conducted in Bishunpur Birauli of Pusa block where 120 female respondents were randomly selected for the study. A Structured Interview Schedule alongwith Probing and Observational Technique were employed to obtain relevant information from the respondents. The findings of the current study revealed that the impact of gender biasness was highly evident on career development of women in the study area with Pearson chi-square value of 77.551 which is statistically significant at 1% level. It is also found that there was a negative correlation between gender biasness and career development of women which is negatively significant at 1% level, with the p value of -0.457. Furthermore socioeconomic status of the respondents found to have significant influence on career development of women.ThesisItem Open Access DISCRIMINATION AGAINST GIRL CHILD: – A CRITICAL STUDY IN HARPUR AND BHUSKAUL VILLAGES OF PUSA BLOCK AT SAMASTIPUR DISTRICT OF BIHAR(Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) BEHERA, ARPITA; Kumari, ArunimaEvery child is equally vital in society for maintaining social balance. The environment for children should be full of peace, prosperity, fairness, and dignity. But in reality, discrimination affects the purity of social equilibrium between boys and girls which creates a huge difference between the two sexes. Our country touches the tip of success in different fields like education, technology, mass media, and so on but some old-fashioned taboos and culture hampered the value of girls in society. It also affects the growth and development of each girl in every stage of life. Discrimination against girls occurs in both higher- and lower-class families and the pattern of discrimination is highly complex. Some stereotypes related to discrimination gradually encroach on every girl's freedom of choice, suppressing the balance between males and females and dragging our society into a bad state. The present study entitled “Discrimination against girl child: – a critical study in Harpur and Bhuskaul villages of Pusa block at Samastipur district of Bihar” was conducted in Harpur and Bhuskaul villages of Samastipur district of Bihar with four objectives a) To find out the socioeconomic status and personal characteristics of the respondents, b) To know the discrimination prevailing followed by people in the research area, c)To know the extent of discrimination practiced by the people d)To find out ways and means to reduce discrimination to understand every criterion of discrimination against girls. For conducting this research researcher selected 120 respondents which means 60 adolescent girls of 10 to 19 years from Harpur village and 60 adolescent girls of 10 to 19 years from Bhuskaul village by using simple random sampling method. Further to know about the discrimination in the study area a well-structured interview schedule was developed and with the help of that schedule primary data was collected from the respondents. The collected data were analyzed with the help of appropriate statistical tools like frequency, percentage, correlation, and ranking method to make data more authentic, meaningful, and informative. The study found that socio economic variables like age (most of the respondents were within the age of 18), caste (most of the respondents were belonged to OBC category), religion (all the respondents were Hindu), marital status (all the respondents were unmarried), family type (most of the respondents had nuclear family), family size (most of the respondents had 5 members in their family), housing type (equal distribution was showed in this category), education (most of the respondents belonged to secondary and higher secondary education), fathers occupation (most of the respondents‟ fathers worked as labourer), mothers occupation (most of the respondents‟ mothers were housewives), annual family income (the range varied from 50,000/- to 1lakh) and exposure to mass media (most of the respondents used mobile phone). The findings of discrimination in various fields revealed that in the case of decision making the majority of respondents' families controlled their daughters' wearing and grooming styles, whereas the majority of respondents never had the opportunity to participate in their families' financial matters. In the case of educational opportunities, most of the respondents had the highest acceptance of studying with their own interests, whereas most of the respondents' parents did not compel their daughters to study hard. In the case of nutrition, most of the respondents got sweets, beverages, and other snacks whereas most of the respondents mothers did not pressurize their daughters to eat more food and did not give them special meals during menstruation. In the case of health and hygiene, all the respondents maintained general body cleanliness during baths and kept their garments neat and clean on a daily basis whereas most of the respondents did not use iron and calcium tablets for nutritional fulfillment of the body. In the case of resource allocation, most of the respondents rode bicycles to school and college, while most of the respondents had no idea about ATM cards. In the case of socialization and social recognition, most of the respondents parents allowed their daughters friends to visit home whereas most of the respondents were not allowed to went on school or college picnics and were also not allowed to worship God during menstruation. The findings of the extent of discrimination disclosed that in the extent of decision making most of the respondents had the high mean score in allowed to make only household decisions with no financial implications whereas low mean score in attitude towards voting. So, the high and low mean scores of the rest of the parameters of the extent of discrimination were completely mentioned in the results and discussion. The correlational findings of the extent of discrimination showed that the education of the respondents positively and significantly correlated with discrimination at 5% level whereas the occupation of both parents, annual income of the family, and exposure to mass media was positively and significantly correlated with discrimination at 1% level. However, some variables such as age, caste, family size, family type, and housing pattern are completely insignificant with discrimination whereas educational opportunities were positively and significantly correlated with decision making at 1% level whereas nutrition, health, resource allocation, and socialization and social recognition were negatively and significantly correlated with decision making at 1% level. The last objective was the conceptual framework of ways and means to reduce discrimination. The present study indicated that discrimination was found in every stage and discrimination had an adverse effect on girls in the study area.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT STUDY OF PRADHAN MANTRI BHARTIYA JAN AUSADHI PARIYOJNA ON WOMEN IN MUZAFFARPUR DISTRICT OF BIHAR(Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) SRIVASTAVA, DIKSHA; Kumari, ArunimaFor the benefit of people, with the goal of making India self-reliant in the field of manufacturing quality generic drug, available at a cheap cost, Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Ausadhi Pariyojna was launched by the department of pharmaceuticals, ministry of chemicals and fertilizers, govt. of india in November 2008. As we know, menstruation is a part of women‘s life and menstrual hygiene product is the basic need for women to face this duration of menstruation. Under this scheme, Jan Ausadhi Suvidha oxo -biodegradable Sanitary napkins were launched on August 27, 2019 as a vital step taken in safeguarding the health and security of Indian women. In order to assess the ―Impact study of Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Ausadhi Pariyojna on women in Muzaffarpur district of Bihar‖ Muzaffarpur district of bihar was selected as locale of research based on convenient or purposive non-probability sampling techniques. Two blocks Muraul and Sakra have been selected for the study, as these blocks found with established structures of Jan Ausadhi Kendras. In Muraul block, Pilkhi village and in Sakra block, Muhammadpur village were selected for the study as these villages are nearby to Jan Ausadhi Kendras and sampling technique used for the selection of research area was simple random selection of sampling method. From each village 40 respondents were selected and all these selected respondents known to this scheme or having experience in using Jan Ausadhi Suvidha Sanitary napkins. So, total no. of respondents were 80 and sampling method snowball sampling technique. Data were collected by personal interview schedule with the help of a structured interview schedule with observation method. Further analysis of data various statistical tools were used such as Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, Pearson‘s Product Movement Correlation, Multivariate linear regression analysis, and Binomial Logit model. The present study revealed that majority of respondents was adult i.e., age found between 19 years – 33 years. Most of the respondents 50% were from Other Backward Classes (OBC) while 39% possessed by general caste respondents followed by scheduled Caste (11%) respondents. In terms of marital status, sixty percent of the women respondents were married. Data also revealed that 75% respondent‘s families are in Nuclear in nature while only 25% were found to be in joint. Family size, annual income and exposure to mass media were falling under medium level in the study locale. Approximately 78% of total families comprised either one or two female members. Educational status (out of total respondent‘s education level, nearly 75% of respondents did not even qualify tenth standard (secondary education); Profession (61.25% women are involved in farm and agriculture related activities as well as housekeeping followed by 21.25% women used to perform housekeeping activities while 17.5% respondents were middle school going students) ; Nutrition (70% respondents used to take proper nutrients in their food on daily basis); Health Status (majority 41.25% of the respondents were found in normal condition due to their Body Mass Index (BMI index) were in normal range); Menstrual profile of the respondents : (Mean age of Menarche of 80 respondents was 12.5 years ; maximum 47.5% respondents had 4 days of menstrual bleeding ; majority 71% of respondents agreed that they had their regular pattern of menstrual cycle) ; Most of the respondents have medium awareness level regarding health and hygiene , the study also revealed that independent variables as like age were negatively correlated and significant at 1% level with Correlation coefficient (r) -.430. Similarly, religion and Aware PMBJP were positively correlated and significant at 5% level with Correlation coefficient (r) 0.231 and 0.241 respectively with dependent variable i.e, Awareness regarding health and hygiene; Majority of the respondents 65% falls into the category of partially adopted category; Study found that almost 69% respondents were having medium awareness level about this PMBJP scheme and 61% of the respondents were aware about the scheme via ASHA health activists as their primary source of information; Study revealed that 64% women respondents had medium level of awareness and 50% respondents choosen ASHA and health activists as their primary source of information for awareness; Regression analysis shows variable like profession were positively significant at 1% level with respective t-value 4.049 and variables like education and annual income were positively significant at 5 % level with t -value 2.374 and 2.147 respectively between independent and Awareness regarding JASSN; Majority (68.75%) of the respondents partially adopted the JASSN and Binomial logit model shows variables like profession and annual income were found positive significant at 5% level with wald statistics value 5.842 and 5.729 respectively and aware PMBJP was found positively significant at 10% level with wald statistics value 3.323 that means 1 unit increase in profession and aware PMBJP, the adoption of JASSN will increase by 42.871 times and 62.4% respectively; Social Participation (almost 80 % respondents had medium to high social participation during their menstruation period) and Regression analysis between independent and social participation shows variables like profession were positively significant at 1% level with respective t-value 2.504 and aware PMBJP were positively significant at 10% level with t-value 1.705. The findings of the study can be applied to further assess implacability of scheme in other parts of the country. Also, findings can act as policy making tool by the local administration for better fostering women centric program in the region studied. The limitations of the study which left scope for future studies can also be utilized as feedback so that policy makers can derived a feedback mechanism and solution for smooth dissemination of government schemes to citizen.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON GENDER ISSUES IN RELATION TO GOOD GOVERNANCE IN MUZAFFARPUR DISTRICT OF BIHAR(Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) Singh, Km. Priya; KUMARI, PUNAMGender issues have been a matter of concern since ages. There is significant role of good governance in moving towards a gender neutral society. The present study entitled with the general objectives as “A Study on Gender Issues in Relation to Good Governance in Muzaffarpur District of Bihar” conducted in Muzaffarpur District of Bihar with four major objectives viz. 1) to analyse the issues related to gender in the selected locale; 2) to measure the level of the good governance in the study area; 3) to study the relationship between gender issues and good governance level in the study area; 4) to explore the factors of Governance affecting women. Muzaffarpur District of Bihar was purposively selected as the locale of the study. This study aimed to make in-depth understanding of the gender issues in relation to good governance. Muraul block was purposively selected for the study. In Muraul block, Bishunpur Bakhri village was selected for the present study. There are five hundred sixty-three households in Bishunpur Bakhri village out of which one hundred twenty (120) female households were chosen randomly as sample for the study. Governance was independent variable and gender issues were dependent variable. To obtain pertinent data, personal interview schedule and questionnaire methods were used. Appropriate statistical tools and measurements were used for analysis of data such as Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Ranking, and Correlation. The study revealed that the existence of various issues related to gender in the study area such as: violence (56.67%), gender inequality (47.50%), gender based resource allocation (29.67%) and health and nutrition (59.79%). In the study area, the overall extents of “good governance” vis-à-vis six dimensions were found to be: public health dimension was obtained highest percentage (89.28%) and lowest percentage of economic dimension (37.04%), social dimension (62.04%), administrative dimension (52.08%), legal and judicial dimension (44.27%) and political dimension (40.93%). The result also revealed that gender issues negatively correlated with the good governance at 1% level with Pearson correlation value (r) -.498, Kendall correlation value (τ) -.626 and Spearman correlation value (ρ) -.646 respectively. Furthermore, the findings revealed on the basis of factors of governance affecting women the major factor faced by women in governance was non-implementation of women’s rights with percentage value (94%) was ranked first. Non-implementation of laws related to women (93%), corrupt politicians (81%), policy makers are mainly men folk (74%), low representation of women in legislatures (65%), public representatives are without vision (59%), justice not in vogue (56%), non imposition of law & order by the Government Functionaries including police (47%), negligence of women’s affairs in legislatures (36%), were ranked as Ist to IXth respectively. Hence, gender issues adversely affected the level of good governance in Muzaffarpur district of Bihar.ThesisItem Open Access ASSESSMENT OF ROLE OF WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE IN SAKRA BLOCK OF MUZAFFARPUR DISTRICT OF BIHAR(Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) MANISHA; KUMARI, ARUNIMAWomen represent about half of the country's population, and their contributions are critical in emerging countries like India. A country cannot flourish until the situation of women is improved. Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy, and agriculture employs more than 60% of the population. In rural parts of the country, the majority of households, 70 percent of which are dependent on agriculture and its linked sectors, do not have any other source of income. Women are extremely important in rural India. In the agricultural sector their impact may be observed across every field of agriculture and its related activities, such as crop farming, fruit and vegetable production, among others. The study was carried out in Muzaffarpur district of Bihar. Muzaffarpur district was selected randomly for the study. Out of 38 blocks in Muzaffarpur district, sakra block was selected for the study and Saraiya and Jagdishpur Baghnagri villages was selected for the study. A total sample of 120 respondents taken for the study that is i.e., 60 respondent each from Saraiya and Jagdishpur Baghngri. By keeping all these things in mind, these objectives have been formulated for above said study. 1. To study the socio-economic status of women in Sakra block of Muzaffarpur District. 2. To find out the role of women in agriculture and allied sectors in study area. 3 To identify the factors influencing the role of women in agriculture of research area. 4. To identify the constraints faced by women in the field of agriculture sectors. Major findings of study - It was found out of 120 farm women 48.83 percent were illiterate. 17 respondent which means 14.16 percent belonged to general caste. It was observed that almost 71.67 % of respondents were working in leased in land. 55.84 % of respondents had medium (2.2-5.7 score) level of extension participation ,23.33 % had low (<2.2) and 20.83 % had high (>5.7) level of extension participation. That 86.67 % of the respondents participated in dairy followed by 66.7 % of the respondents involved in kitchen gardening whereas 20% of them were engaged in poultry while 14.17 % of farm women were involved in Agri- processing. It is also evident that none of the farm women were participated in Mushroom cultivation and Bee keeping. It was found that –caste, education, annual income, housing type, land holding type, extension participation contacts is positively significant at 1% level where as age was negatively significant at 5% level in agriculture participation. The data exhibit that the lack of money, lack of land holding and lack of education were discovered to be top 3 constraints experienced by the farm women.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT ANALYSIS OF PRADHAN MANTRI UJJWALA YOJANA IN SAMASTIPUR DISTRICT OF BIHAR(Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) BEHERA, BIJAYLAXMI; Kumari, ArunimaCooking is one of the chores that captures most of the time in day-to-day life of Indian women. Women in rural India hardly get time for some other productive work as they do not get time to look beyond these chores. Larger parts of the global population, especially dwelling in developing countries are deprived of exploiting the modern energy sources. The Prime minister of India launched PMUY (Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana) on 1st may 2016 in Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh. The PMUY plan has proven to be an effective strategy for decreasing indoor air pollution and reducing premature deaths, and it is projected to continue to do so in the future. The PMUY has a significant positive impact on the country's social and economic situation. People in this category now have access to clean cooking fuel. On the basis of expenditure, health, time, and many other factors, we can simply infer that PMUY has improved the lives of villages in numerous ways. The purpose of this scheme is to end the old cooking method which people are still using and it is affecting their lives and lives of their families too. The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) designs to protect the health of women and children by giving them access to a clean cooking fuel (LPG), so they won't have to risk their health in smokefilled kitchens or scurry around dangerous locations gathering firewood. With all of these concepts in mind, for the said study objectives have been formulated: 1. To know the socio-economic status of women at Samastipur district of Bihar. 2. To know about Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana running in the research area. 3. To study the impact of PMUY on various aspects of women of the selected area. 4. To find out the problems faced by the officials as well as the women in adoption & execution of PMUY. Methodology Impact analysis of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana has been conducted in Samastipur district purposively. There are altogether 20 blocks in Samastipur district. Out of which two blocks Pusa and Kalyanpur were selected purposively, where number of respondents were PMUY beneficiaries. A total number of 4 villages were selected purposively from the selected blocks. 25 beneficiaries from deopar and 25 beneficiaries from mahamdpur and 5 officials were selected from Pusa block. From Kalyanpur block 25 sample respondents from bhuskaul and 25 respondents selected from kalyanpur and 5 officials too. Thus total 55 respondents from each of block were randomly selected; further making a total of one hundred ten (110) samples were selected from the village. Fifteen independent variables were selected for the study were the age, caste, religion, sex, marital status, education, family type, family size, housing type, occupation, family income, social participation of respondents, mass media exposure, level of knowledge and problems faced by the women as well as official. For measurement of the independent variables some test were developed and some of scale developed by earlier research worker were used. The dependent variables selected for the study was impact of PMUY on various aspect of women. Data were collected through well prepared interview schedule which was developed by keeping in view of all the objectives of the study. The data collection was scheduled as contact individually with beneficiaries at their home visit. The collected data was coded, classified and tabulated. Finally the statistics like mean, standard deviation, average, frequency, percentage, Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for meaningful findings and for drawing conclusion of the study. Major finding of the study: From the research study it can be concluded that the major purpose of women respondents to buy a LPG cylinder was financial need of the family. So, need of money was a major factor for women respondents that influenced them to adopt LPG cylinder through PMUY scheme. The study showed that most of the respondents were married which means 94 percent and most of them which is 49 percent belonged to middle age, further all of the officials were married and 60% belonged to middle age. And it was known from the study that married middle age women had more knowledge about PMUY scheme. 46 percent belonged to SC category and very less which is 12 percent belonged to general category. The most prevailing means of occupation for respondents were home maker. And it was known from the study that home makers were more knowledgeable about PMUY scheme. About 86 percent of respondents’ annual income was seen between 50000 to 100000. It signifies that PMUY impacted high income families more than other families. Respondents’ exposure to mass media, 77 percent of respondents were found in the medium category. It was seen from the study that respondents with high mass media exposure were more aware about the scheme. “Pearson’s correlation coefficient” for impact of PMUY on respondents among the 10 variables taken for the model only 6 variables were found to be significant i.e. Religion, Family size, Housing type, Annual Family Income, Mass media exposure and number of gas cylinder. So, it was known from the study Hindu religion were impacted, middle family size respondents were more aware about PMUY. It was found that "unaware about the loan to buy the stove & initial LPG filling" was the most crucial one about 83% in social problems. “Unable to Prepare of feed for cattle” was most important among cultural problems of the respondents with 89% of the responses. Majority of the respondents faced the problems “Finance required for refill gas cylinder” among economic problems as the percentage score of this constraint were (96 per cent) and in physical problems respondents were perceived “Backache or leg pain” (31%) as most important among all. It has been observed that “Poor people unable to refill the LPG cylinder” (80%) was most important among social problems. “Attention/response of women while participating any training programme” 70% ranked as most important among all cultural problems. In economic problems officials were perceived “transportation & accessibility of LPG cylinders” (90%) as most important among all and “Poor road connectivity to households for delivery of cylinder” 90% ranked first among physical problems of the officials.ThesisItem Open Access AN ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN(Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) E, NAVYASREE.; Kumari, PunamEducation is widely regarded as the lever around which any country's rapid development revolves. We cannot raise the country's social and educational standards unless women are educated. The aims of Women's empowerment are “to achieve higher literacy and education levels, better health care for women and their children, equal ownership of productive resources, increased participation in economic and commercial sectors, awareness of their rights, improved standard of living, self-reliance, self-confidence, and self-respect among them.” Therefore, to see the effect of education on women empowerment empirically in the area of investigation the study was conducted in Morsand village of Samastipur District with an objective to understand the impact of education on empowerment of women. The researcher selected 120 women by using simple random sampling method. Further, data was collected with the help of an interview schedule. The data was analyzed with the help of statistical tools like frequency, percentage, and correlation analysis. The study found that education has a positive impact on empowering women socially, economically, politically, and psychologically. The study further concluded with suggestions that to bring women into the mainstream of the educational revolution; it is the duty of the government to make girls’ education accessible to all. Women candidates, particularly from rural areas should be given preference in admission to schools and training courses. Last but not least the mindset of society must be changed toward girls’ education.ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF MUKHYAMANTRI BALIKA CYCLE YOJANA ON RURAL SCHOOL GOING GIRLS IN MUZAFFARPUR DISTRICT OF BIHAR(Dr.RPCAU, Pusa, 2022) TRIPATHI, SHIPRA; KUMARI, PUNAMEducation has always been a keystone for social and economic development. Women's education is crucial not only for social justice but also for accelerating societal transformation. Literacy and educational attainment are important indicators of a society's development and we cannot exclude rural women from that development because they contribute equally to the society's progress and to a large extent to the economy. Bihar's educational development has been extraordinary throughout the recent decade (2004-14). Efforts by the Government of Bihar to increase accessibility to educational facilities in the state are showing signs of positive change. Bihar State Chief Minister Nitish Kumar’s Balika Cycle Yojana has played a major role in this regard. The study entitled as “Impact Assessment of Mukhyamantri Balika Cycle Yojana on Rural School Going Girls in Muzaffarpur District of Bihar” has been conducted in three villages namely Dholi, Abdulpur Raini, Bishunpur Bakhri of Muraul block constituting a total number of 120 respondents as the sample of the study. The demographic profile and availability of cycle under Mukhyamantri Balika Cycle Yojana were dependent variable and Impact of Mukhyamantri Balika Cycle Yojana on the respondents was dependent variable. To obtain the information from respondents personal interview schedule was used. The Chi-square test revealed that the Mukhyamantri Balika Cycle Yojana had a significant impact on rural school going girls at 1% level. The Pearson's Correlation (r) was used to analyze the relationship between socio-economic variables and the impact of the programme on respondents. The education variable was significant at 5% whereas caste, annual family income and mass-media exposure was positively significant at 1% indicating the powerful impact of Mukhyamantri Balika Cycle Yojana on girls. Although the scheme proved to be effective in enrolling the girls and from an all-girls group cycling their way, going to and from their schools as like boys, is a remarkable achievement but it did not succeed to reduce crimes against women and changing attitudes of males and females towards the role of women/girls in the society.
