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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa
In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa.
Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex.
Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur
The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.
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ThesisItem Open Access Genetic diversity analysis in maize (Zea mays L.) using morphological characters(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) KUMAR, DHARMENDRA; Kumar, AjayThe experiment was done to evaluate 25 inbred lines of maize for various traits to calculate the extent of variability, diversity and association between these lines for different traits. The experiment was carried out during rabi 2021 in randomized block design by using 3 replications having 4.8 m2 plot size at Maize research farm of TCA, Dholi, Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. The characters were studied viz days to 50 % tasseling, days to50 % silking,days to 75% brown husk, plant height (cm), ear height (cm), ear length (cm), ear girth (cm), number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row, iron content (ppm), zinc content Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the parameters shows presence of considerable variability among all the genotypes. Narrow deviation from genotypic and phenotypic variance evident that very less environmental influence on expression of almost all characters. Character viz., iron content (ppm), zinc content (ppm) and grain yield (kg/ha) exhibited high heritability with high genetic advance as percent of mean. Since these traits are characterized by additive gene action, direct selection may be effective. According to the findings of correlation studies, both phenotypic and genotypic levels of grain yield were strongly correlated with plant height (cm), ear lengths (cm), ear girth (cm), number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row and harvest index. The number of kernel rows per ear and grain yield were found to have a substantial positive connection as well as a positive direct influence based on path analysis. Plant height, ear length, ear girth, and the number of kernel rows per row can all be inferred from trait connections' nature, quantity, and direct and indirect effects. Number of kernel rows per ear might be utilized in a selection programme as a deciding factor when choosing high producing genotypes for breeding. The D2 analysis showed considerable genetic divergence among the 25 inbred lines studied. According to the D2 analysis, the 25 maize inbred lines were divided into eight clusters, with cluster I having the largest number of inbred lines, while clusters II, V, VI, VII, and VIII have only one inbred line. Cluster VI (21-213-CML-401) and cluster VIII (HKI-1105) were the most distant cluster among inbred line within the clusters, indicating the greatest genetic diversity. On the basis of overall performance of different lines21-113-CML× HKI- 1105 and (CML-165×K145)-B-11-3-BB are more likely of produce heterotic hybrids or transgressive segregants. Additionally, these inbred lines need to be tested for combining ability and gene action using varying mating designs to produce hybrids based on the type of gene action involved.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF SUGARCANE CLONES IN EARLY GENERATION(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) PANDA, PRAGNYA PARAMITA; Kumar, BalwantCurrent research programme entitled as “Evaluation of Sugarcane clones in early generation” was performed in the year 2021-22, at SRI, Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Samatipur, Bihar. In the present investigation, twenty-eight genotypes with two checks were studied for variability, character association and path analysis. High yielding early maturing clones with high brix % had selected. The observations were noted down on eight quantitative traits viz., Germination % at 45 DAP, no. of tillers at 120 DAP, plant height at harvest, cane diameter at harvest, single cane weight at harvest, number of millable canes at harvest, HR brix at November, December & January and cane yield in early clonal generation. The analysis of variance revealed a substantial difference among the checks and entries for all the parameters in early clonal generation. Correlation co-efficient analysis showed that five quantitative traits viz., Germination% at 45 DAP, no. of tillers at 120 DAP, cane diameter at harvest, single cane weight at harvest and no. of millable canes at harvest had a significant positive interrelationship with cane yield in the early clonal generation whereas HR brix in November, December and January had showed statistically non-significant interrelationship with that of cane yield. Maximum direct positive effect on cane yield was observed by single cane weight at harvest followed by no. of millable canes at harvest, HR brix in November, cane diameter at harvest & plant height at harvest whereas maximum negative direct effect on cane yield had shown by HR brix in January followed by HR brix in December, germination% at 45 DAP & no. of tillers at 120 DAP. From the aforementioned outcomes it has been shown that selection should be based on cane yield at harvest along with its component traits such as germination% at 45 DAP, no. of millable canes at harvest, plant height at harvest, cane diameter at harvest & single cane weight at harvest as well as quality parameter such as HR brix% also should taken into consideration. On the basis of pooled ranking of cane yield at harvest as well as brix% performance in November, seven-clones namely CoX 20377,CoX 20398,CoX 20443,CoX 20414,CoX 20437,CoX 20400 & CoX 20464 were identified as superior clones, which can directly be used in further varietal evaluation trial as well as hybridization program.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE GERMPLASM USING PHENOTYPIC TRAITS AND GENOMIC MARKERS(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) G, SHARATHKUMAR; DR., NILANJAYAThe present study was carried out at Rice research farm, Pusa, Samastipur, (DRPCAU, Bihar, India) in the Kharif 2021 to evaluate germplasm for phenotypic and molecular characterization. Examination was carried out on diversity, path analysis, character association, and genetic divergence for eleven yield ascribing character via, days to fifty percent blooming, days to physiological maturity, height of plant, length of panicle, panicles per plant, spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility, grain length, grain breadth, Test weight and grain yield per plant. Experiment was laid out in three replications in RBD. Molecular characterization of forty germplasm using Ten polymorphic SSR marker targeting five chromosome was done for molecular diversity analysis. ANOVA has shown exceedingly significant variation among the lines for eleven yield ascribing phenotypic traits. spikelets per panicles, panicles per plant, and grain yield per plant portrayed very high GCV and PCV indicating the importance of these traits in guesstimate for selecting the genotypes. The character like panicles per plant, height of plant, length of panicle, spikelets per panicle, thousand grain weight, seed length and seed yield per plant showed high heritability of characters coupled with high genetic enhancement as per cent of mean demonstrating the preponderance of additive gene action. So, direct selection for these traits may be useful for future advance of genotypes. The character like days to maturity, days to fifty percent flowering and grain breadth had shown high heritability coupled with the moderate genetic advance per cent mean designates the both additive and non-additive action of gene so that selection can be practiced in later generation that is during the selection of segregation generation. Correlation study revealed that the panicle length and panicles per plant had shown the high significant characters association with seed yield per plant indicating selection for these characters will simultaneal improv the other character and will give desired result. The path analysis shown that number of panicles per plant, panicle length and grain length had shown high direct effect in positive direction, selection for this trait will leads to substantial improvement in grain yield per plant. Divergence study by D2 statistic revealed the VII clusters for forty germplasm in which cluster I and II having highest number of lines (i.e., nine in each cluster) and cluster VII is mono-genotypic. The cluster VI and cluster: I exhibited high inter cluster distance crossing between these cluster will yield the superior transgression line which is rewarding for the plant breeding program which show highest mean for the days to maturity, days to fifty percent blooming, spikelets per panicle, and grain breadth respectively and lowest mean for thousand grain weight and grain yield per plan. The hybridization can be even performed in between cluster VI and VII, cluster V and IV and cluster: III and IV which will yield good transgressive line due to their variability. The percentage contribution towards divergence was observed maximum form traits like thousand grain weight, days to 50% blooming, panicles per plant, grain length and spikelets per panicle Selection for traits like this will be rewarding and had more scope for improvement for this trait. Amplification reaction was performed with forty rice germplasm by ten microsatellite primer pair namely RM511, RM324, RM5791, RM279, RM3825, RM15780, RM24390, RM28130, RM15791 and MRG 2894 targeting 5 chromosomes of rice, all primer pair were amplified and given polymorphic scorable band Polymorphism was recorded on the presence and absence of respective genotype band and also from number and position of band. High polymorphism was shown by MRG2894, RM28130, RM511, RM5791, RM324 and RM15780 this primer can be further utilized for the characterization, fingerprinting and claiming the intellectual right. The total of 56 allelic variant are recorded of which 3 are unique allele and 53 were shared allele with forty germplasm by ten SSR primer. Single unique allele produced by RM511, RM24390 and RM28130 and all remaining seven primer produced shared allele ranged from four to seven. The average amount of polymorphic information in each primer was 0.729, and 10 primers were used to guide the amplification of 56 alleles. The number of alleles produced by each primer varied from 1-2 per locus, with an average of 5.6 alleles per primer. 3.29 alleles were found for each of the 17 loci that were amplified using ten primers and forty samples of germplasm. Unique alleles for particular genotypes were discovered using SSR analysis, which might be used as DNA fingerprints. The use of ten SSR markers in the analysis of rice entries unveiled a remarkable higher level of genetic polymorphism, which permitted unique genotyping of forty germplasm included in the investigation.ThesisItem Open Access Morpho-molecular characterization of three line Rice Hybrids(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) Kumar, A. Ravi; Kant, RaviThe current investigation on “Morpho- molecular characterization of threeline rice hybrids” was carried out with 31 three-line rice hybrids and 3 commercial checks. Objectives of the experiment were to assess the agro-morphological attributes and production potential of three-line rice hybrids, molecular marker-based characterization of promising three lines rice hybrid. The experiment was conducted Hybrid Rice plot of TCA, Dholi, Muzaffarpur and Molecular investigation was done at Molecular laboratory, Post graduate Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, RPCAU, Pusa, Bihar, India. The experimental design adopted was Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The observation for 18 quantitative attributes i.e. plant height, days to 50% flowering, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, culm diameter, kernel length, kernel width, root volume, root fresh weight, root dry weight, days to maturity, spikelet fertility, test weight and grain yield per plant were recorded for estimation of various parameters like genetic variability, phenotypic correlation coefficient, path analysis and estimation of standard heterosis for yield. Molecular characterization was undertaken for estimation of diversity and as confirmation test of F1 hybrid genotypes with their respective parental lines. The results of the analysis of variance showed that all character genotypes differed significantly. The results of the analysis of variance showed that all character genotypes differed significantly. Among the checks the variety the Rajendra Sweta performed best for the grain yield per plant. Two rice hybrid genotypes namely IR68897A × KMR-3R and Rajendra-3A × RRR–4 was exhibited superior standard heterosis over all three checks for trait grain yield per plant. Five rice hybrid genotypes namely Rajendra-1A × RRR–4, Rajendra-3A × DR714 -1-2, Rajendra-3A × MSN- 36 R, IR - 58025A × MSN - 36R and CMR 32A × RRR – 2 also exhibited superior standard heterosis for yield over two checks Rajendra Bhagwati and Arize gold 6444. Plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, leaf length, leaf area, kernel length, kernel width, root fresh weight, root dry weight, spikelet fertility, test weight, showed positive significant correlation with grain yield per plant. Hence, selection for any one of these characters would ultimately bring improvement of grain yield. No. of tillers per plant, plant height, root fresh weight, leaf length, no. of panicles per plant, leaf width, kernel length, root volume revealed a significant direct impact on grain yield per plant. Therefore, making a selection based on these traits would increase grain output. In terms of standard heterosis for yield, IR68897A×KMR-3R, Rajendra- 3A×RRR-4 are shown positively superior for yield over three checks followed by Rajendra - 1A × RRR – 4, R Rajendra - 3A × DR714 - 1- 2, Rajendra - 3A × MSN- 36 R, IR - 58025A × MSN - 36R, CMR 32A × RRR – 2 have shown positively superior for yield over two checks Rajendra Bhagwati and Arize gold 6444, remaining hybrids sown superiority over one check for yield. By utilising 12 primer pairs, a total of 33 shared alleles and 13 unique alleles were produced as amplified products. Allele diversity and frequency among the rice parental genotypes ranged from 0.00 in RM 416, RM 431 and RM 558 to 0.84 on MRG 2894, according to the PIC values. The range of alleles per locus was between one in primer pair RM-416, RM- 431, RM-558 to seven in primer pair MRG-2894 and six in primer pair RM-520, RM- 538, RM-515 & five in primer pair RM-555, four in primer pair RM-276 and three in primer pair RM-252, RM-319, RM-321. All primers pairs were generated both unique and shared alleles except RM- 319, RM-416, RM-431 and RM-558 are generated only shared alleles without any unique alleles. The magnitude dice similarity coefficient between RAJ-3A and IR 68897A was found to be maximum (0.917) whereas it was minimum for IR 58025A and RRR- 1, RRR-5, DR-714-1-2 (0.240). The dendrogram makes it quite evident that the entries were essentially split into five clusters. Cluster B had maximum (4) genotypes followed by cluster C, D and E (2) genotypes, cluster A is mono-genotypic. Among 12 primers seven primers found to be comparatively informative for all nineteen hybrids and eleven parents. Only five primers namely MRG2894, RM515, RM 520, RM 538 and RM 555 were able to confirm the F1 with respective parental lines.ThesisItem Open Access Germplasm characterization for processing quality traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) SRIVASTAVA, AMAN; TIGGA, AMANA research was carried out at the Potato research farm Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Bihar, during Rabi 2021-22, to assess the potato germplasm for various quantitative and quality character. Variability, correlation, path analysis, and identification of superior clones for processing quality trait at Dholi were investigated. The experiment was conducted in augmented design with 45 genotypes along with 3 checks each replicated in 3 blocks. Analysis of variance in this circumstance showed considerable variations among the checks as well as among the treatments for all the traits under investigation. The range of variability was maximum for total sugar followed by tuber yield, non-reducing sugar, reducing sugar, number of compound leaves per plant, plant height, harvest index, dry matter, number of tuber per plant, starch content, number of shoots per plant and specific gravity. Narrow deviation from genotypic and phenotypic variance evident that very less environmental influence on expression of almost all character. Character viz., non-reducing sugar, plant height, number of compound leaves, reducing sugar, tuber yield, number of tubers plant per plant, number of shoot per plant had high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean indicating that early generation selection for these character would be beneficial. Correlation coefficient for most of the traits revealed that plant height, number of shoot per plant, number of compound leaves per plant, number of tubers per plant, harvest index, dry matter and starch content were significantly and positively correlated with tuber yield. Path coefficient analysis indicated that the total sugar content of tubers had the most positive direct effect on tuber yield, followed by the starch content, harvest index, dry matter, plant height, number of tubers per plant, number of compound leaves per plant, and specific gravity of tubers. Non-reducing sugar, reducing sugar, and number of shoots per plant all had negative direct effects on tuber yield. There were 5 genotypes viz Kufri Frysona, CP-1549, Kufri Muthu, CP-3445, CP-3148 which showed higher amount of dry matter, starch content and lesser amount of reducing sugar and total sugar then the best check (Kufri Frysona), which are considered to be superior in terms of processing quality. Principal component analysis revealed important variables in potato genotypes with respect to agronomic and processing quality traits were tuber yield, total sugar, non-reducing sugar, plant height, reducing sugar, specific gravity, number of shoot per plant and starch content. As mentioned above, these variables might be taken into account while selecting the parents for a hybridization program in order to achieve maximum effectiveness. Forty five genotypes along with three check were classified into five clusters on the basis of non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis for agronomic and processing quality traits. Cluster III and II possessed the highest inter cluster distance which indicates that the genotypes in these cluster may be used as parents in further hybridization programme. Based on cluster mean cluster I had the highest value of number of compound leaves, plant height, number of shoot per plant, number of tuber per plant, harvest index, tuber yield while cluster II had the highest value for specific gravity and cluster III had the maximum value for dry matter, starch content and cluster IV had the highest value for total sugar and non-reducing sugar and cluster V had the highest value for reducing sugar.ThesisItem Open Access PHOTO-THERMAL RESPONSE SPECIFIC CHARACTERIZATION AND MOLECULAR DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF RICE GENOTYPES(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) SORAM, TINGKU; NILANJAYA, Dr.The current study used 32 rice genotypes, including the check, Rajendra Shweta in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications at the Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University's rice research farm in Pusa, Bihar, during Kharif 2021 in order to characterise each genotype's unique photo-thermal response and evaluate its molecular diversity. 16 putative traits, including agro-meteorological indices and morphological traits were observed, including “Days to 50% Flowering” (DFF), “Days to Physiological Maturity” (DPM), “Plant Height” (PH), “Panicle Length” (PL), “number of Tillers Per Plant” (TPP), “number of Panicles Per Plant” (PPP), “Spikelet Fertility” (SF), “1000-Grain Weight” (TGW), “Growing Degree Days” (GDD), “Photo-Thermal Unit” (PTU), “Helio-Thermal Unit” (HTU), “Photo-Thermal Index” (PTI), “Heat Use Efficiency” (HUE), “Relative Water Content” (RWC), “Critical Temperature for reproductive stage” (CT), and “Grain Yield Per Plant” (GY/P). The results of the variance analysis of 32 rice genotype revealed that there were significant differences among the genotypes for each of the 16 variables from the variability experiments. While the TGW, TPP, and RWC all showed moderate GCV (Genotypic Coefficients of Variation) and PCV (Phenotypic Coefficients of Variation) values, high estimates of GCV and PCV were found for characteristics, GY/P, and HUE. HUE, RWC, TPP, TGW, and GY/P all showed high heritability in the current set of materials, which indicates a majority of additive gene impact and will aid selection in early segregating generations. DFF, DPM, PH, PL, TPP, SF, HUE, and RWC are the traits having positively significant correlation of yield and showing positive effect directly at the level of phenotype, which indicates the advantage of these characters for future improvement. Path analysis shows that traits like DFF, PH, PL, TPP, HUE and RWC had a direct as well as an indirect positive effect on the production of grain at phenotypic and genotypic level. Using Tocher's clustering method, 32 genotypes of rice were divided into 8 clusters. Cluster I and Cluster II had 14 and 12 genotype respectively, and Clusters VIII, VII, VI, V, IV, and II were monogenotypic. Between VI and VIII, there was the most inter-cluster and between III and IV, the least. Cluster I and II had the longest distance of intra-cluster. Since the majority of the yield-attributing characteristics exhibited greater mean performance in Cluster IV, choosing parents from this cluster would be beneficial. The genotypes RAU 731-21-201, RAU 1407-13-3, and RAU 631-9-10 appeared to be outstanding performers on the basis of all the results of significant criteria, which includes the indices of agro-meteorology under consideration. Ten microsatellite-based SSR primers that were directed at the rice genome's chromosomes were used to perform an amplification reaction. All of the primer pair combinations resulted in successful amplification. Using the ten primer pairs, 3 unique alleles and 48 shared variants were obtained. There were two shared alleles per locus in RM 3825 and seven shared alleles per locus in RM 15780 and RM 15791. Similar to RM 28130, RM 3825, and RM 15780, these loci only have one unique allele per locus. The examined rice genotypes were divided into seven clusters using a cluster analysis on the basis of similarity index of simple matching. The pair-wise comparison of entries revealed that RAU 724-48-3 and RAU 425-10, RAU 1415-9-5-7 and RAU 1397-3 had the highest similarity coefficients, while RAU 425-10 and RAU 1487-1-1 had the lowest similarity coefficients.ThesisItem Open Access SCREENING FOR WATER-LOGGING TOLERANCE IN EARLY CLONAL GENERATION OF SUGARCANE(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) VARIJA, GUJARATHI SAI; Kumar, BalwantAn experiment on screening for water-logging (water depth of 25 to 45 cm from July to September) tolerance in early clonal generation of sugarcane was conducted during 2021-22 at SRI, Dr. RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar. Twenty four clones were planted in augmented design along with two checks (CoP 16437 and CoP 2061) and data was recorded for the following characters viz., germination at 45 DAP (%), number of shoots at 120 DAP (000/ha), plant height at harvest (cm), cane diameter at harvest (cm), single cane weight (kg), number of millable canes at harvest (000/ha), number of aerial roots/node, HR Brix in November, December, January and cane yield (t/ha). All the observed data for the attributes were evaluated for statistical analysis using analysis of variance, correlation coefficient analysis and path coefficient analysis. For all of the measures, the analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among the clones. Characters namely, germination % at 45 DAP, number of shoots at 120 DAP, cane diameter at harvest and number of millable canes at harvest showed positively significant correlation with cane yield, whereas, number of aerial roots per node showed negative correlation with cane yield. Traits viz., germination % at 45 DAP, number of shoots at 120 DAP, cane diameter at harvest, single cane weight, number of millable canes at harvest, HR Brix in November had direct and positive effect on cane yield, among these, number of millable canes at harvest showed highest direct and positive effect followed by single cane weight on cane yield, whereas, plant height at harvest, number of aerial roots per node, HR Brix in December and January showed negative direct effect on cane yield. On the basis of brix value, clones namely CoX 20068, CoX 20055, X 20035, CoX 20246, X 20022, CoX 20069, X 20030, CoX 20054, CoX 20056 were identified as early maturing sugarcane clones. Based on the brix value, cane yield and morphological performance eight clones namely CoX 20069, CoX 20068, CoX 20055, X 20030, X 20035, CoX 20054, CoX 20056, CoX 20246 can be selected for further utilization in breeding programme under water-logging condition. In all the clones, cane was non flowering and non- lodging.ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS UNDER LONG DAY CONDITION(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) MOHANTY, RATIKANTA; TIGGA, TIGGAA research was performed out entitled “Morphological characterization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes for yield attributing traits under long day condition” at the Potato research farm Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Bihar, during Rabi 2021-2022, to assess the potato genotypes under artificially created extended photoperiod condition. 25 genotypes with Randomized Complete Block Design and 3 replications of the lines were set up in extended photoperiod. Variability, genetic advance, inter-trait association, path analysis, diversity analysis for yield attributing traits and identification of flowering genotypes under extended photoperiod condition at Dholi were investigated. Analysis of variance in this circumstance showed considerable variations amongst the lines for all the yield attributing characters under investigation. High value of GCV and PCV were observed for the parameters like; number of shoots per plant (NSPP), number of tubers per plant (NTPP) and marketable tuber yield (MTY) indicated more variation and more chances of effective selection compared to other studied traits under long day condition. The traits like number of shoots per plant (NSPP), number of compound leaves per plant (NCLP), number of tubers per plant (NTPP), yield per plant (YPP), marketable tuber yield (MTY), unmarketable tuber yield (UMTY) and total tuber yield (TTY) manifested high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean. The characters such as marketable tuber yield (MTY), yield per plant (YPP), tuber dry matter (TDM), unmarketable tuber yield (UMTY), number of compound leaves per plant (NCLP), plant height (PH) and number of tubers per plant (NTPP) were of prime importance in the process of selection for yield improvement, as they showed positive association with total tuber yield and a positive direct effect on the yield and also all other traits gave indirect contribution to the yield through these traits. 25 lines were distinguished into eight clusters in extended photoperiod sown scenario. In this scenario between clusters IV and VIII highest inter cluster distance was reported, followed by cluster V and cluster VII, cluster IV and cluster VI. Minimum inter-cluster distance measured between cluster III and cluster V. Clusters II, III, V, VI and VIII were monogenotypic clusters. The highest intra-cluster D2 value was found in cluster IV, followed by clusters I and VII under long day scenario. Maximum contribution to total genetic diversity was recorded for number of tubers per plant (NTPP) demonstrating that genotypes for the aforementioned characteristic greatly differ genetically from one another. Genotypes such as K. Garima and K. Pukhraj from cluster IV can be employed as donor parent in a hybridization programme to increase potato yield under extended photoperiod condition. Under this condition eighteen out of the twenty five genotypes flowering characteristics were developed viz: Atlantic, P-56, K. Himsona, K. Lalit, K. Mohan, K. Lalima, CP-4404, K. Frysona, K. Chipsona-3, J-15-2, K. Khyati, K.Chipsona-1, K. Garima, K. Pukhraj, K. Shailja, K. Arun, K. Pushkar and K. Manik.ThesisItem Open Access STABILITY ANALYSIS AND MOLECULAR PROFILING OF DESI CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)(DRPCAU, PUSA, 2022) KOTEGOUDRA, HANAMANTAGOUDA; Arya, MadhuriThe aim of the current study "Stability analysis and molecular profiling of Desi Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)" genotypes in different environments was to determine the most stable genotype under various environmental conditions and to estimate stability parameters for seed yield and its significant components. To determine the stability of genotypes for various traits, thirty genotypes were sown on three distinct sowing dates using a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Observations were recorded for fourteen traits viz., plant height (cm), days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of nodules per plant, nodule fresh weight (g), nodule dry weight (g), root length (cm), root volume (ml), 100 seed weight (g), harvest index (%) and grain yield per plant (g). The Eberhart and Russell (1966) model of statistical analysis was used to examine the data. Pooled analysis of variance for different studied characters between the genotypes shown significant variation for the most of traits indicated the presence of genotypic variation in studied desi chickpea genotypes. The high environmental variance for all attributes studied suggested that environmental conditions were varia-ble. The components (linear) of G x E interaction were found highly significant for most yield attributing traits indicating that these traits were unstable and shown fluctuations in their expression with environmental change. Total three genotypes out 30 genotypes noticed yield stability in favorable/unfavorable environments. In favorable environment one genotype ICCV-18-1664 with below average stability and in unfavorable environment two genotypes DC-17-1111 and DC-17-1115 were sable with above average stability. None of the genotype exhibited average and absolute stability for studies characters for all envi-ronments. Nei’s Genetic Diversity (h) and Shannon Index (I) within the population of 30 genotypes yielded the value of 0.318 and 0.446 respectively, suggesting that the population of 30 chickpea genotypes is moderately diverse. Dendrogram analysis on the base of dissimilarity index clustered the 30 genotypes into 4 main cluster with cluster-I having the highest numbers of genotypes with eleven genotypes followed by cluster-II with nine genotypes and cluster-III with seven genotypes, cluster-IV with three genotypes. The genetic Structure of 30 genotypes at K=4 (based on 15 SSR primers with 55 amplified loci) revealed that the 30 desi chickpea genotypes are the admixture of four ancestral components present in different combinations in 30 genotypes.
