Germplasm characterization for processing quality traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
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Date
2022
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DRPCAU, PUSA
Abstract
A research was carried out at the Potato research farm Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Bihar, during Rabi 2021-22, to assess the potato germplasm for various quantitative and quality character. Variability, correlation, path analysis, and identification of superior clones for processing quality trait at Dholi were investigated. The experiment was conducted in augmented design with 45 genotypes along with 3 checks each replicated in 3 blocks.
Analysis of variance in this circumstance showed considerable variations among the checks as well as among the treatments for all the traits under investigation. The range of variability was maximum for total sugar followed by tuber yield, non-reducing sugar, reducing sugar, number of compound leaves per plant, plant height, harvest index, dry matter, number of tuber per plant, starch content, number of shoots per plant and specific gravity. Narrow deviation from genotypic and phenotypic variance evident that very less environmental influence on expression of almost all character. Character viz., non-reducing sugar, plant height, number of compound leaves, reducing sugar, tuber yield, number of tubers plant per plant, number of shoot per plant had high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean indicating that early generation selection for these character would be beneficial.
Correlation coefficient for most of the traits revealed that plant height, number of shoot per plant, number of compound leaves per plant, number of tubers per plant, harvest index, dry matter and starch content were significantly and positively correlated with tuber yield. Path coefficient analysis indicated that the total sugar content of tubers had the most positive direct effect on tuber yield, followed by the starch content, harvest index, dry matter, plant height, number of tubers per plant, number of compound leaves per plant, and specific gravity of tubers. Non-reducing sugar, reducing sugar, and number of shoots per plant all had negative direct effects on tuber yield. There were 5 genotypes viz Kufri Frysona, CP-1549, Kufri Muthu, CP-3445, CP-3148 which showed higher amount of dry matter, starch content and lesser amount of reducing sugar and total sugar then the best check (Kufri Frysona), which are considered to be superior in terms of processing quality. Principal component analysis revealed important variables in potato genotypes with respect to agronomic and processing quality traits were tuber yield, total sugar, non-reducing sugar, plant height, reducing sugar, specific gravity, number of shoot per plant and starch content. As mentioned above, these variables might be taken into account while selecting the parents for a hybridization program in order to achieve maximum effectiveness. Forty five genotypes along with three check were classified into five clusters on the basis of non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis for agronomic and processing quality traits. Cluster III and II possessed the highest inter cluster distance which indicates that the genotypes in these cluster may be used as parents in further hybridization programme. Based on cluster mean cluster I had the highest value of number of compound leaves, plant height, number of shoot per plant, number of tuber per plant, harvest index, tuber yield while cluster II had the highest value for specific gravity and cluster III had the maximum value for dry matter, starch content and cluster IV had the highest value for total sugar and non-reducing sugar and cluster V had the highest value for reducing sugar.