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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Open Access QUANTIFICATION, LOCALIZATION AND MOLECULAR PROFILING OF IRON IN GRAINS OF BIOFORTIFIED AEROBIC RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2018-08-01) SANTHOSH, D.B.; Dayal Doss, D.Micronutrients malnutrition has reached to alarming situation with billions of people suffering from Iron, Zinc and Vitamin-A deficiencies. Micronutrient supplementation, food fortification and biofortification are the three basic approaches used to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies. In the present study ten genotypes rich in iron were grown during Kharif season 2016 and 2017. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Iron in the aerobic rice grains were estimated by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy at M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation Chennai. Jeerigesanna recorded highest iron content in brown rice (11.75 ppm), paddy (18.77 ppm), 5 per cent bran (22.85 ppm) and 10 per cent bran (25.20 ppm). Whereas, lowest iron content in brown rice was observed in Azucena (7.40 ppm), lowest iron content in paddy was observed in Black rice (10.75 ppm), lowest iron content in 5 per cent bran was observed in AM-65 (12.23 ppm) and lowest iron content in 10 per cent bran was observed in AM-65 (12.35 ppm). Perl’s Prussian blue staining of aerobic rice grain sections showed localization of iron and distribution of iron accumulation (blue compound of ferric ferrocyanide) throughout the aleurone and subaleurone layers. Eleven SSR markers were used three markers RM276, RM315 and RM318 showed polymorphism. Further, Single-marker analysis was done using molecular marker data and phenotypic data of different marker classes revealed that the significant association and linkage of marker to traits like grain iron, panicle length and plant height.ThesisItem Open Access QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.) cv. ARKA PRABHATH THROUGH TILLING(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-11-11) RAMESH, A. N.; VAGEESHBABU S. HANURThe papaya cv. Arka Prabhath is an advanced generation gynodioecious cultivar developed at IIHR-Bengaluru. The seeds of this variety were treated with various doses (0 Gy, 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 250 Gy, 500 Gy and 750 Gy) of gamma radiation to study the treatment influence on quality parameters. The radio sensitivity test on survival (%) among M1 progenies showed that highest survival per cent was recorded in control treatment (78%) followed by 66% (50 Gy), 64% (100 Gy), 72 % (250 Gy) 26% (500 Gy) and 0 % (750 Gy). The data on nodes to first flowering ranged from 0.00 to 7.91 between treatments. The height to first flowering ranged from 0.00 to 90.41cm, trunk circumference 0.0 to 31.79 cm, the data on fruit yield ranged from 0.00 to 35.52 kg/tree. M1 populations of papaya were selected and forwarded to M2 and assigned into families (A to Y).The X family (153 days) and D family (152.6 days) took longer days to first flowering. Significantly superior trunk circumference (33.90 cm) was observed in the A family and M family (32.80 cm). The highest canopy spread (E-W) was observed in C family (143.33 cm) and G family (140.50 cm). The highest yield was observed in G family ( 57.90 kg/pt) and M family (36.40 kg/pt) .Out of 315, we identified 11 mutants to study quality and shelf life parameters like respiration and ethylene content by down regulating ripening related genes ACC synthase and ACC oxidase gene specific primers. The amplified samples were pooled in 5X manner and performed HRM work through qPCR.ThesisItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND TRANSFERABILITY OF NOVEL MICROSATELLITE MARKERS AND THEIR UTILIZATION TO TAG IMPORTANT SEED YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN FINGER MILLET [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn](UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2019-12-27) SUNIL SUBRAMANYA, A. E.; RAVIKUMAR, R. L.The whole genome sequence of finger millet (1.23 GB) was in silico mined for microsatellite identification and primer development using Krait software. Totally 2, 92,621 perfect microsatellites were identified with a relative abundancy of 263.62 SSR loci/Mb. The primer pairs were designed for 2,28,577 microsatellites, using Primer3 embedded in the Krait, of which 400 primer pairs were randomly chosen and synthesized for wet lab validation. The annealing temperature of 362 primers out of 400 have been determined by using the DNA samples of 4 different genotypes. One hundred primer pairs were used for validation across 45 diverse finger millet genotypes, comprising of 37 cultivated E. coracana subsp coracana genotypes from India and Africa and 8 wild Eleusine species. The gene diversity (0.09) and PIC (0.07) among the cultivated finger millet genotypes from India and Africa were lower compared to other Eleusine species (0.24 and 0.19 respectively). The molecular diversity analysis among 45 diverse finger millet accessions clearly grouped all the cultivated tetraploid accession of India in a single cluster and cultivated tetraploid accessions from Africa and Uganda into another cluster. The transferability of 100 ragi SSR to other millets revealed the highest transferability in sorghum (63 %) and least in pearl millet (43 %). The comparative genomics of microsatellite abundance revealed higher abundance of GC rich motifs in monocots genomic and coding sequence. The coding sequence of both monocots and dicots were biased towards (AG/CT)n motif and (CCG/CGG)n motifs over other motifs. The SSR genotyping of parental lines of a bi-parental mapping population (GE208 X GE156) revealed very low polymorphism with only 5 polymorphic marker. Single marker analysis showed marker trait association for plant height, finger width, peduncle length, earhead weight, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of earheads and grain yield per plant.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOST TEA INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE TO BLAST DISEASE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON BIOMASS AND GRAIN YIELD IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-10-04) VANISHRI, B. R.; VEENA S. ANILAgrochemical responsive crop cultivation has currently become common practice to reap high produce from farming. However, agrochemical usage is not a sustainable approach and also excessive use will deleteriously affect the environment. To combat the harmful effects of agrochemicals, there is a need to develop alternate organic or integrated approaches; compost tea (CT) being one such approach. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of aerated compost tea (ACT) and Non aerated compost tea (NCT) on biomass, grain yield per plant and management of blast disease in paddy grown under aerobic and puddled cultivation conditions in Kharif of 2017-18 and 2018- 19. The results show that there is a significant increase in biomass (30 - 50 %) and grain yield (20 - 30 %) in CT treated plants. Biochemical analyses showed a significant induction of defense related enzymes and biomolecules such as Peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, phenolics and flavonoids in all CT treated plants. CT and its combination with reduced fungicide spray managed blast disease as compare to control and compost water. Both NCT and ACT showed comparable beneficial effects on paddy. Calli grown on compost tea media showed significantly high callus proliferation and rooting which serve as a proof that CT promotes growth at a cellular level. Nitrogen fixers and phosphate solubilizers were isolated from CT and antibiosis assay results showed significant inhibition of Magnaporthe grisea. A time course analysis of NCT and ACT for phytohormone estimation by HPLC reveals the gradual increase of GA, IAA and gradual decrease of BAP like molecules and SA during course of fermentation. Collectively, results suggest that CT can be used as a biofertilizer and growth promoter to get benefits of increased paddy yield. CT is a promising, eco-friendly, simple, economic, effective and safe technology that will be a future boon to farmers.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR ANALYSIS FOR GRAIN ZINC AND IRON CONTENT, ROOT MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS AND WHOLE PLANT ARCHITECTURE IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) ACCESSIONS UNDER AEROBIC CONDITION(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, GKVK BENGALURU, 2019-06-27) BHARATH PRASAD, C. T.; SHASHIDHAR, H. E.The present study was aimed at apprehending the information regarding micronutrient acquisition by various genotypes of rice under aerobic condition. Fifty germplasm accessions which were highly contrasting in their characters for shoot, root and mineral (Zn and Fe) content were chosen and replicated in the field and innovative PVCpipe- root experiment was employed to study the rooting behavior during kharif-2015 and summer-2016 in aerobic condition. A significant variance among the accessions were observed for all the characters. Genetic parameters (GCV, PCV, h2, and GAM) showed significant higher difference for iron and zinc content in brown and polished grains in both the seasons. Among the genotypes, Azucena and AM-65 exhibited highest zinc, while Dodda mullare recorded the lowest. Gopal doddiga and Kuduve karanji recorded highest iron in both brown and polished rice whereas Kaduvalai recorded the lowest. Polishing of brown rice results in less percentage loss of zinc compared to iron. Molecular marker analysis was done using 87-candidate gene and SSR primers, only 7 candidate gene primers and 10 SSR primers were found to be polymorphic, while rest were monomorphic and generated unique alleles of various band size and are source of new alleles. Single-marker analysis exhibited statistically significant association with grain brown Zn (BZn), polished Zn (WZn), maximum root length (MRL), root number (RN), root dry weight (RDW) and root fresh weight (RFW). This proves that the markers were tightly linked to concerned traits. The study reveals that adequate diversity still exists in the cultivar genepool for steady varietal improvement.ThesisItem Open Access TAGGING AND MAPPING OF MUNGBEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS (MYMV) RESISTANCE LOCI AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MYMV ISOLATE IN MUNGBEAN [Vigna radiata (L.) WILCZEK](UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2018-11-03) SHAHAKAR SWAPNIL, BALKRUSHNA; Anitha, PeterMungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) subgenus Ceratotropis, is a fast-growing warm-season legume, native to the Indian subcontinent. It is an important pulse crop because of its short growth duration, low water requirement, and as a crop suitable for rotation and nutritional security being a rich source of protein. Biotic stress produced by viruses especially mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is the main constraint in its production causing substantial yield losses. In the present investigation molecular characterization of yellow mosaic virus (YMV) was done by using the coat protein (CP) gene of five isolates collected from Dharwad, Belgaum, Amravati, Gulbarga and Bengaluru to confirm their identity; isolates from Dharwad and Belgaum were classified as mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) and isolates from Amravati, Gulbarga and Bengaluru as MYMV. The phylogenetic analysis revealed predominance of MYMIV in Nothern, Eastern and Central India while MYMV predominates in Southern India, this could help in developing a transgenic strategy for managing this disease. One hundred and ninety two mungbean genotypes were field screened and parents PS16 (Susceptible) x IC-39293 (Resistant) were further confirmed for disease incidence in greenhouse experiment. A genetic linkage map was constructed for mungbean with a minimum LOD of 2.5 and maximum recombination fraction of 0.3 threshold value from F2 population developed from parents (PS16 x IC-39293) by using thirty one polymorphic SSR markers, which mapped the DNA into four linkage groups (LGs) spanning a total length of 211.64 cM with an average marker density of 6.82cM. Half the number (50 %) of markers (14) mapped to LG 1. The number of markers mapped per linkage group varied from 14 (LG 1) (highest marker density) to 3 (LG 3) (least marker density). These two strategies singly or in combination could help in developing mungbean with resistance to MYMV.ThesisItem Open Access EXPLORING AND DISSECTING MOLECULAR GENETICS OF MICRONUTRIENT ACQUISITION IN VARIOUS GENOTYPES OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) UNDER CONTRASTING WATER REGIMES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2018-09-28) RITASREE, SARMA; VIJAYAKUMARA SWAMY, H.V.The present study was aimed at apprehending the information regarding micronutrient acquisition by various genotypes of rice under contrasting water regimes. Ten genotypes, which are of diverse ecotype were studied for variation in zinc and iron content in various parts of the plant under aerobic and wetland condition. Analysis of variance was significant for all the traits. Genetic parameters (GCV, PCV, h2, and GAM) were recorded higher for all the parameters in both the condition. Zinc and iron concentration of different parts of plants showed a significant difference between aerobic and wetland condition. Grain zinc concentration was recorded significantly higher in aerobic condition while grain iron concentration was recorded nonsignificant for most of the genotypes. Candidate gene-specific markers, OsZIP2R and OsYSL4e showed significant association with shoot zinc and iron content. Sequencing of monomorphic marker OsYSL16 recorded a significant association between nucleotide variation and zinc and iron content at different parts of rice. Differential expression of transporter genes was recorded in various parts of contrasting genotypes (AM-65, Black rice, Jeergasamba and Burma black) for iron and zinc content in both the condition. Quantitative Real-time PCR study of OsIRT1 and ZIP8 in AM-65 and Jeergasamba recorded higher expression in aerobic and wetland condition respectively suggesting that their expression is regulated under zinc and iron deficient condition. This study revealed that cultivation system has a major effect on zinc and iron accumulation and it mostly occurred due to differential expression of transporter genes in different parts of rice under both the condition.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR GENETIC EVIDENCE FOR GAMETOPHYTIC SELECTION FOR HEAT TOLERANCE IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU, 2018-10-29) ASHUTOSH, SINGH; RAVIKUMAR, R. L.In present study, the effect of pollen selection for heat tolerance in F1 generation on the frequency of heat tolerant plants in F2 generation was studied. The heat susceptible line BTM4 was crossed to heat tolerant BTM6 and the true F1 plants were identified using two SSR markers. Three different methods of pollen selection for heat tolerance; incubating the freshly dehisced pollen grains of F1 plants at 36 ˚C for three hours in growth chamber (GRC), dry bath (DB) before selfing and growing F1 plants in summer at ARS, Bheemarayanagudi were carried out, Thus producing selected F2 (GRC), selected F2 (DB) and selected F2 (BGD). The control F2 was also produced without heat treatment of pollen grains. The control and selected F2 population were compared for heat tolerance by selfing the F2 plants with heat stressed pollen grains. The selected F2 (GRC) showed significantly higher cob diameter, number of seeds per cob and seed yield per plants compared to control F2 under stress suggesting its superiority over other methods and also positive effect of pollen selection for heat tolerance. One selected F2 and one control F2 populations were studied for segregation of twenty polymorphic SSR markers. The chi-square test suggested that the control F2 showed 1:2:1 ratio for 19 out of 20 markers while in selected F2 only two markers recorded Mendelian inheritance. The frequency of alleles from tolerant parents was more in selected F2 providing molecular evidences for positive effect of pollen selection. The heat tolerance of F4 generation progenies of the same cross suggested that the cyclic pollen selection for heat tolerance in F1, F2 and F3 generation has significantly improved the tolerance of progenies. The result suggests that the pollen selection is an effective strategy for improvement of heat tolerance in plants.ThesisItem Open Access MOLECULAR MARKER ANALYSIS OF WHOLE-PLANT ARCHITECTURE OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.) UNDER AEROBIC CONDITION(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, 2018-09-05) POOJA, A. S.; Shashidhar, H. E.Declining water resources for rice cultivation has encouraged research on the development of water efficient aerobic rice varieties by combining the high-yielding traits of lowland varieties with the drought-resistant characteristics of upland varieties. Grain yield is one single trait that could be considered as a manifestation of drought resistance. The wholeplant architecture of aerobic rice was studied by considering both shoot and root traits in order to determine an efficient selection criteria for improving grain yield under drought condition. In this study, ten genotypes which were highly contrasting in phenotypic characters were grown in field as well as in PVC pipes. Field evaluation of the different genotypes for root morphological traits, yield and yield attributed traits under aerobic condition revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all traits. GCV, PCV, h2 and genetic advance were high in genotypes for all the traits recorded. Highest value for root length was 70.16 cm (Moroberekan). Grain yield showed significant positive correlation with plant height, panicle length, shoot biomass, shoot growth rate by length, total plant length, root length and root number. Molecular marker analysis was done using 45 SSR markers. Out of 45 SSR primers, 15 of them were found to be polymorphic while rest were monomorphic. These markers generated unique alleles of various sizes in different genotypes which can be a source of new alleles. The study reveals that adequate diversity still exists in the cultivar genepool for steady varietal improvement.
